2023年考研考博考博英語江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫帶答案

2023年考研考博考博英語江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題TherehavebeenmanyupsanddownsforAirCanada,butthecompanycontinuestocontrolthemajorityofthedomesticmarket.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.strengthsandweaknessesB.fortunesandmisfortunesC.assetsandliabilitiesD.boltsandnuts2.單選題Thiskindofsongbirdsleepsmuchlessduringitsannual（）,butthatdoesn’tseemtoaffectitsflying.問題1選項(xiàng)A.migrationB.emigrationC.conveyanceD.transference3.單選題Johnwill（）ifthefirmneedsanITengineerbecausehecanencodeprogramsforthefirm.問題1選項(xiàng)A.comeintohisownB.comeintobeingC.keeptohimselfD.holdthestage4.單選題Ican’tworkwithyou（）allthetime.Goaway.問題1選項(xiàng)A.steppingonmytoesB.breathingdownmyneckC.standinginthegapD.comingintoyourown5.單選題Theoldman’sfaceis（）thelinesofpressureandexhaustionthathaveaccumulatedovertheyears.問題1選項(xiàng)A.brandedwithB.blendedwithC.complimentedbyD.complementedby6.單選題Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementstronglybelievesthatitspurposeistogivestudentsthetoolstheywillneedtobeeffectivechangeagentsintherestoftheircareers.Todothisitisnecessarytostartoffwithanunderstandingoftheessentialdrivingforcesthatwillbeforcingorganizationstochange.Changeisnotrandom,thereareunderlyingprocesses.Threecentraldrivingforces—thegrowthoftheworldeconomy,thechangingnatureoftheworkforce,andthearrivalofgenuinetechnologicalcompetition—arenowatwork.Theglobalizationoftheworldcapitalmarketsthathasoccurredinthepast20yearswillbereplicatedrightacrosstheeconomyinthenextdecade.Theneedtoproducegoodsandservicesatqualitylevelspreviouslythoughtimpossibletoobtaininmassproductionandthespreadinguseofparticipatorymanagementtechniqueswillrequireaworkforcewithmuchhigherlevelsofeducationandskills.Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma“don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold”toa“think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo”styleofmanagement.Tobeontopofthissituation,tomorrow’smanagerswillhavetohaveastrongbackgroundinorganizationalpsychology,humanrelations,andlaboreconomics.TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementattemptstoadvanceourunderstandingintheseareasthroughresearchandthenquicklybringsthefruitsofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhenitcomestothehumansideoftheequation.WhatthismeansisthatAmericanmanagershavetounderstandtheforcesof,technicalchangeinwaysthatwerenotnecessaryinthepast.Conversely,managersfromtherestoftheworldknowthatitisnowpossibleforthemtodominatetheirAmericancompetitoriftheyunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetterthantheirAmericancompetitorsdo.Intheworldoftomorrowmanagerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Iftheydon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechangesthatthosewhodounderstandwhatisgoingoninsidetheblackboxmake.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.11.Whatisitessentialforstudentstounderstandthedrivingforcesthatcanforceorganizationstochange?12.Whatwillbeneededtoproducequalifiedgoodsandservicesinmassproductionandthespreadinguseofparticipatorymanagementtechniques?13.WhatdoestheMITSloanSchoolofManagementattempttodoinitsresearch?14.WhatdoweknowaboutAmericanmanagersfromthispassage?15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.BecausetheMITSloanSchoolofManagementemphasizeditsimportance.B.Becausetheworldeconomyischanging.C.Becausestudentsneedtobeeffectiveagentsintheirfuturecareers.D.Becausetechnologicalcompetitionnowisstrong.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Employersshouldhaveasenseofglobalization.B.Employeesshouldbewell-educatedandskillfulintheirjobs.C.Employersshouldadaptthemselvestodifferentstylesofmanagement.D.Employeesshouldshifttheirpositionsfromonetoanother.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Tohelpitsstudentsbecomefirstclassmanagers.B.Totestwhetheritsstudentshaveastrongbackgroundincertainareas.C.Togivesomeinsightstothosefirstclassmanagers.D.Tohelpitsstudentsadvancetheirunderstandingsincertainareas.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Theyhavebeendominatedbymanagersfromothercountries.B.Theyneedtoknowmoreabouttechnology.C.Theyknowtheircompetitorsunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetter.D.Theyaretechnologicallyreadytobemanagersintheworldoftomorrow.問題5選項(xiàng)A.TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementhasrevealedwhatisgoingoninsidetheblackbox.B.Americanmanagersknowmoreabouttechnicalchangethanmanagersfromtherestoftheworld.C.Thestyleofmanagementischangingconstantly.D.Everyfuturemanagershouldhavecross-disciplinaryknowledge.7.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.42.我認(rèn)為，人之首要任務(wù)便是設(shè)法自立，如此，就能免除他人負(fù)擔(dān)其生活。另外，學(xué)會(huì)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、細(xì)心的態(tài)度從事有意義的工作，其本身就是非常重要的一課，在其他一切人生追求中能體現(xiàn)出它的作用。當(dāng)你想做其他事情，卻仍能投身于你不喜歡的工作，這種習(xí)慣是無價(jià)的。假若年輕時(shí)，我能夠培養(yǎng)自己有這個(gè)習(xí)慣，就能避免浪費(fèi)許多時(shí)間了。8.單選題Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?Whyisthecurrentpoliticsofwealthandpovertyseeminglyaboutwealthalone?Eightyearsago,whenBillClintonfirstranforpresident,theDowJonesaveragewasunder3,500,yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond,andnoonetalkedaboutthe“permanentboom”orthe“neweconomy”.Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof“notleavingasinglepersonbehind”.Itispossiblethatsimilar“compassionate”rhetoricmightyetplayaroleinthegeneralelection.Butitisstrikinghowmuchlesstalkthereisaboutthepoorthantherewaseightyearsago,whenthecountrywaseconomicallyuncertain,orinpreviouseras,whenthecountyfeltflush.Evenlastsummer,whenClintonspentseveraldaysonaremarkabletourthroughimpoverishedareasfromIndianreservationsinSouthDakotatoghettoneighborhoodsinEastSt.Louis,theadministrationdecidedtorefertotheeffortnotasapovertytourbutasa“newmarketinitiative”.Whatishappeningispartlyalogical,policy-drivenreaction.Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.Themostattractivesolutiontoit—agrowingeconomy—isbeingapplied.Thepeoplewhohavebeentotallyleftoutofthisboomoftenhavemedical,mentalorotherproblemsforwhichnoonehasanimmediatesolution.“Theeconomyhassuckedinanyonewhohasanypreparation,anyabilitytocopewithmodernlife,”saysFranklinD.Raines,theformerdirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudgetwhoisnowheadofFannieMac.Whenheandotherpeoplewhospecializeintheissuetalkaboutsolutions,theytalkanalyticallyandonalongtermbasis:education,developmentofworksill,shiftsinthelabormarket,andadjustmentsinwelfarereform.ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.ItistheunusualsocialandimaginativeseparationbetweenprosperousAmericaandthosestillleftout.It’ssimpleinvisibilitybecauseofincreasinggeographic,occupational,andsocialbarriersthatblockonegroupfromtheother’sview.26.Whatdoestheword“straitened”inthefirstparagraphmean?27.Whatisoneimportantreasonwhywedonottalkmuchaboutpovertyaccordingtotheauthor?28.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?29.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.StraightforwardB.WealthyC.DistantD.Difficult問題2選項(xiàng)A.Nooneknowswhattodoaboutit.B.Noonehasbeenleftoutofthecurrentboom.C.Povertyreallyislowerthaninthepast.D.Thepresidentisnotconcernedaboutthepoor.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Therelationshipbetweentherichandthepoorhaschanged.B.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontopoverty.C.Thegoodeconomywillsoonend.D.Allpeoplebenefitfromgoodeconomicconditions.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Toentertain.B.Topersuade.C.Totellastory.D.Todescribe.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Weweremoreawareofthepoorinthepastthanwearetoday.B.Thepoorarebenefitingfromtoday’sgoodeconomy.C.Thecountryisenjoyingeconomicgrowth.D.Thereweremanymorepoorpeoplethantherearetoday.9.單選題WhentheItalianpoetDantewas（）fromhishomeinFlorence,hedecidedtowalkfromItalytosearchfortherealmeaningoflife.問題1選項(xiàng)A.exiledB.expiredC.exemptedD.exerted10.單選題AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationinwhichAIDSismost（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.vigorousB.prevalentC.relevantD.rigorous11.單選題Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.Nolonger.Theinternetandpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit,ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.31.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses（）32.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?33.Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat（）34.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto（）35.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?問題1選項(xiàng)A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.B.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.C.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.D.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.B.Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.C.Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.D.Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.問題3選項(xiàng)A.itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.B.itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.C.itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.D.itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.問題4選項(xiàng)A.coverthecostofitspublication.B.subscribetothejournalpublishingit.C.allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.D.completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.問題5選項(xiàng)A.TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.B.Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.C.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.D.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.12.單選題Nowscientistscannotrealize（）soonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.問題1選項(xiàng)A.soB.veryC.tooD.as13.單選題ThefunnylookingmanwhomthegirlmetonthestreetofPrinstonwas（）AlbertEinstein.問題1選項(xiàng)A.nonebutB.noneotherbutC.nootherbutD.nobodybut14.單選題Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect:doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsaboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas“distracteddoctoring.”Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices.“Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,”saidDr.PeterPapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.“Mygutfeelingislivesareindanger,”saidDr.Papadakos.“We’renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit’sgettingworse.”Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,“Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous.”Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.Thepressurestemsfromamantraofmodernmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe“datadriven,”andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology“offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,”butheaddedthatdoctors’firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.31.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?32.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby“distracteddoctoring”?33.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?34.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemoderndevices?35.WhatisPeterCarmel’sadvicetodoctors?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Tofacilitateadministration.B.Tocopewithemergencies.C.Toreducemedicalerror.D.Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Thedisservicedonebymoderndevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.B.Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.C.Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmoderndevices.D.Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemoderntechnology.B.Doctorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodernelectronictechnology.C.Doctors’interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients’lives.D.Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Patientstrustdoctorswhousemoderntechnology.B.Useofmoderndevicesaddstohospitalsrevenues.C.Patients’datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.D.Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient’scondition.B.Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.C.Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.D.Theymakethebestuseofmoderndevices.15.單選題Nomodernindustrialenterprisescan（）foramomentwithoutrulesandsetprocedures.問題1選項(xiàng)A.makeB.doC.tryD.perform16.翻譯題42.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(15’)中央電視臺(tái)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)（簡稱“春晚”）自1983年開辦以來，已成為中國人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消費(fèi)品和一個(gè)揮之不去的文化符號。雖然眾口難調(diào)，但必須承認(rèn)的是，“春晚”已成為公眾所不可缺少的“新民俗”。春晚不僅是一臺(tái)晚會(huì)，更是一種儀式與象征，一種文化與標(biāo)簽，一種情感與寄托。隨著時(shí)代發(fā)展及新媒體的出現(xiàn)，觀眾的選擇和需求日漸多樣化，“春晚”也在與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，以滿足大眾日益增長的文化需求。17.單選題Theroadoutsidetheschoolisamenacetothechildren’ssafety.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.troubleB.headacheC.barrierD.threat18.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.42.人們學(xué)會(huì)了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品質(zhì)，正是這些品質(zhì)使群體生活愉悅美好。在這些品質(zhì)中，最重要的是同情。你若是殘忍地對待動(dòng)物，你就不大可能對其他人善良體貼。你若是對其他人體貼入微，你就不大可能殘忍冷漠地對待動(dòng)物。古代的智者寫道“仁者愛人及畜”，原因概出于此。善待動(dòng)物并不是說我們永遠(yuǎn)不能讓動(dòng)物承受痛苦。人類自身就是在快樂中、也在痛苦中經(jīng)受鍛煉。因此，有時(shí)候也需要用懲罰來訓(xùn)練我們的狗和馬，使他們聽從我們的指令。在醫(yī)生的手下，為了療好創(chuàng)傷或醫(yī)治疾病，我們得忍受痛苦。為了國家的利益，我們派遣最勇敢的人們直面創(chuàng)傷、疾病和死亡。同樣，我們讓戰(zhàn)馬和我們一起親冒矢石。19.單選題In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw,havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong—andyetmostdidlittletofightit.Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas“l(fā)ikehavingalargebankaccount,”saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslavestates.Still,JeffersonfreedHemings’schildren,thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.36.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedto（）37.Wemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthat（）38.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasJefferson?39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?40.Washington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis（）問題1選項(xiàng)A.showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast.B.demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays.C.stresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.history.D.revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.問題2選項(xiàng)A.DNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryresearch.B.initsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatesituations.C.historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson’slife.D.politicalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.history.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Hispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslavery.B.Hisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslaves.C.Hisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplex.D.Hisaffairwithaslavestainedhisprestige.問題4選項(xiàng)A.SomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.B.Slavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote.C.Slaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.D.Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.問題5選項(xiàng)A.moralconsiderations.B.militaryexperience.C.financialconditions.D.politicalstand.20.單選題Thegovernment’sinabilityto（）itsownlawsandregulationsdisappointedtheelectorate.問題1選項(xiàng)A.guaranteeB.strikeC.sanctionD.enforce第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)strengthsandweaknesses“優(yōu)勢與劣勢”；B選項(xiàng)fortunesandmisfortunes“機(jī)遇與不幸”；C選項(xiàng)assetsandliabilities“資產(chǎn)與負(fù)債”；D選項(xiàng)boltsandnuts“螺栓與螺帽，指基本的但很重要的組成部分”。upsanddowns意為“起起伏伏、盛衰、浮沉”，B選項(xiàng)fortunesandmisfortunes“機(jī)遇與不幸”與其最接近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。句意：雖然加拿大航空公司經(jīng)歷了許多起起落落，但該公司仍然控制著大部分的國內(nèi)市場。2.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)migration“遷移；移民”；B選項(xiàng)emigration“移民；移民出境”；C選項(xiàng)conveyance“運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)輸工具”；D選項(xiàng)transference“轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)讓”。句意：這種太陽鳥在一年一度的遷徙期間睡眠極度減少，但是這并不影響其飛行。由空格前的關(guān)鍵詞“annual年度的，每年的”可知“遷移”符合句意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。3.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)comeintoone’sown“得到重視；得到自己該得的東西；受到尊敬；被承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)comeintobeing“形成；產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)keeptooneself“保守秘密；不交際”；D選項(xiàng)holdthestage“繼續(xù)上演，引人注目；沒完沒了地講話；賣座不衰”。根據(jù)句意可推測，約翰會(huì)編程，因此當(dāng)公司需要信息技術(shù)工程師的時(shí)候，他就會(huì)被公司賞識(shí)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果公司需要一名信息技術(shù)工程師，約翰會(huì)得到重視，因?yàn)樗梢詾楣揪帉懗绦颉?.【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)steppingonmytoes的原型是steponone’stoes，意思是“觸怒某人”；B選項(xiàng)breathingdownmyneck的原型是breathedownone’sneck，意思是“緊跟著，緊盯著”；C選項(xiàng)standinthegap“挺身阻擋；首當(dāng)其沖”；D選項(xiàng)comingintoyourown的原型是comeintoone’sown，意思是“進(jìn)入繁盛期；得到自己該得的東西”。句意：你一直，我不能工作。走開。根據(jù)句意可知，“我”想讓對方走開，那么很有可能是因?yàn)閷Ψ揭恢痹诒O(jiān)視自己，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。5.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)中brand意為“給……打上烙印”；B選項(xiàng)中blend意為“混合”；C選項(xiàng)中compliment意為“恭維；稱贊”；D選項(xiàng)中complement意為“補(bǔ)足，補(bǔ)助”。句意：老人臉上（

）歲月累積的壓力和疲憊的皺紋。根據(jù)句意可推斷出A選項(xiàng)正確，bebrandedwith有“被打上烙印；帶有……的印記”的意思，在此句中可翻譯為“布滿”。6.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:D第4題:B第5題:D【解析】11、【試題答案】C【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第一段，believesthatitspurposeistogivestudentsthetoolstheywillneedtobeeffectivechangeagentsintherestoftheircareers.從這句話可以看出C項(xiàng)是它的轉(zhuǎn)述句，因此C正確，A項(xiàng)是表面原因，B項(xiàng)不是本題干的原因，D項(xiàng)也是無關(guān)項(xiàng)，因此本題答案為C。12、【試題答案】C【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段，Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma“don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold”toa“think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo”styleofmanagement.這一句我們可以看出，管理者們是需要重新開始調(diào)整新的管理方式了，因此答案為C。ABD均為錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)，題干中沒有提到。13、【試題答案】D【試題解析】判斷推理題。本題的題干信息點(diǎn)在第三段的最后一句“bringsthefruitsofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhenitcomestothehumansideoftheequation”這一句話的意思是致力于通過研究增進(jìn)我們對這些領(lǐng)域的理解，然后迅速將這項(xiàng)新研究的成果帶給我們的學(xué)生，這樣當(dāng)涉及到人力資源方面時(shí)，他們就能成為領(lǐng)先的管理者。那么我們可以看出MIT學(xué)校研究的目的就是幫助它的學(xué)生在特定的領(lǐng)域成為佼佼者。14、【試題答案】B【試題解析】文章推斷題。A項(xiàng)不對，后文只是說其他國家可能會(huì)超過美國，但是沒有一定，C沒有說一定知道其他國家更了解，D錯(cuò)誤，是作者希望他們可以變成行業(yè)的領(lǐng)先者，但是還沒有成為也還在學(xué)習(xí)中；因此答案B正確。15、【試題答案】D【試題解析】文章推斷題。本題考查的是文章推斷題。通過全文的閱讀我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)全文的主題就是MIT大學(xué)對于管理層的培養(yǎng)心得以及未來的打算。A不對，從最后一段的最后幾句可以看出這個(gè)黑盒子是要管理者們自己去探索的；B也不對，B是美國管理者現(xiàn)在可能會(huì)面臨的問題，也就是被其他國家的管理者超過，因此不對；C項(xiàng)全文并未著筆，D項(xiàng)正確，因?yàn)槿亩加性谥v未來的經(jīng)理們要多學(xué)習(xí)各方面的知識(shí)，尤其是科技方面的，因?yàn)樗麄儾粌H需要管理能力，還需要有跨學(xué)科的能力，D正確。7.【答案】

Ibelievethatthefirstbusinessofamanistofindwaysofsupportinghimself,inwhichheshallrelieveothersoftheburdenofhisexistence.Inaddition,learningtodomeaningfulworkwithrigorandcareisaveryimportantlessoninitself,anditcanplayaroleinallotherpursuitsoflife.Itisainvaluablehabitthatwhenyouwanttodosomethingelse,youareabletodevoteyourselftoajobthatyoudon’tlike.HadIcultivatedmyselftohavethehabitinmyyouth,Imighthaveavoidedwastingmuchtime.8.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:A第4題:D第5題:A【解析】26.【試題答案】D【試題解析】語義推測題。由題干定位到文章第一段中的“yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond每年的聯(lián)邦預(yù)算赤字預(yù)計(jì)將永遠(yuǎn)達(dá)到數(shù)千億美元，甚至更高”和“Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof‘notleavingasinglepersonbehind’.然而，在這段更緊張的時(shí)間里，克林頓強(qiáng)調(diào)了‘不讓一個(gè)人掉隊(duì)’的重要性?！笨赏浦猻traitened有“貧困的，困難的”的意思，所以D項(xiàng)difficult“困難的”正確。A項(xiàng)“簡單的；坦率的”；B項(xiàng)“富有的”；C項(xiàng)“遙遠(yuǎn)的；冷漠的”；D項(xiàng)“困難的”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。27.【試題答案】C【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章第三段中的第二句“Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.貧困率確實(shí)比過去幾十年都要低，尤其是對少數(shù)群體而言?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“貧困率確實(shí)比過去低?！闭_。A項(xiàng)“沒有人知道該怎么做?！?；B項(xiàng)“沒有人被排除在當(dāng)前的繁榮之外?！保籆項(xiàng)“貧困率確實(shí)比過去低。”；D項(xiàng)“總統(tǒng)不關(guān)心窮人?！?，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。28.【試題答案】A【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中的第一句“ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.但我認(rèn)為，還有另一種力量，使這個(gè)時(shí)代成為一個(gè)窮人幾乎不見蹤影的富裕時(shí)代。”可推知A項(xiàng)“富人和窮人之間的關(guān)系發(fā)生了變化?！闭_，除A項(xiàng)之外的其他選項(xiàng)文中并未提及。A項(xiàng)“富人和窮人之間的關(guān)系發(fā)生了變化。”；B項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注貧困問題。”；C項(xiàng)“良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)將很快結(jié)束?！?；D項(xiàng)“所有人都從良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件中受益?！保虼薃選項(xiàng)正確。29.【試題答案】D【試題解析】作者意圖題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章是作者在闡述為什么現(xiàn)在人們不去討論“貧困”，和為什么這個(gè)時(shí)代成為一個(gè)窮人幾乎不見蹤影的富裕時(shí)代。A項(xiàng)“娛樂”，B項(xiàng)“說服”，文章并未體現(xiàn)。C項(xiàng)“講故事”，不符合。D項(xiàng)“描述”，符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。30.【試題答案】A【試題解析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文知，A項(xiàng)“我們過去比現(xiàn)在更關(guān)注窮人?！盉項(xiàng)“窮人正受益于今天良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)。”未提及。C項(xiàng)“這個(gè)國家正在享受經(jīng)濟(jì)增長?！?，D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)時(shí)的窮人比現(xiàn)在多很多?！睆奈闹械牡谝欢巍癇efore,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?”以前，當(dāng)我們有了財(cái)富，我們就會(huì)開始討論貧窮。為什么現(xiàn)在不討論了呢？由此可知，A選項(xiàng)符合。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。9.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exile“放逐，流放；使背井離鄉(xiāng)”；B選項(xiàng)expire“期滿；終止；死亡；呼氣”；C選項(xiàng)exempt“免除，豁免”；D選項(xiàng)exert“運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮；施以影響”。句意：當(dāng)意大利詩人但丁被逐出他在佛羅倫薩的家時(shí)，他決定從意大利步行去尋找生命的真正意義。固定搭配“exilefrom使流亡；把……從……流放出去”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。10.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；C選項(xiàng)relevant“相關(guān)的；切題的”；D選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的”。句意：艾滋病是一個(gè)全球性的問題，需要一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的、全球性的解決辦法，而不僅是艾滋病盛行的國家的責(zé)任。句意要表達(dá)的是“艾滋病盛行的國家”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。11.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:A第4題:A第5題:B【解析】31.【試題答案】D【試題解析】主旨大意題。本段沒有明顯的主題句，因此需要根據(jù)句子所陳述的意思概括出該段落的主旨大意。結(jié)合各句的含義可知，第一段主要是描述了過去學(xué)術(shù)期刊的出版過程及特點(diǎn)，因此D選項(xiàng)“期刊出版的傳統(tǒng)過程”正確。32.【試題答案】C【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits（澳大利亞維多利亞大學(xué)的約翰?霍頓和經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織的格雷厄姆?維克里共同撰寫的這份報(bào)告讓那些迄今已獲得可觀利潤的出版商們讀起來費(fèi)勁）可推斷出，出版商們“讀起來費(fèi)勁”顯然不是因?yàn)樽x不懂，而是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)報(bào)告觸及了他們的利益，因此C選項(xiàng)“這讓盈利的期刊出版商感到不安”正確。33.【試題答案】A【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的Theinternetandpressurefromfundingagencies...ismakingaccesstoscientificresults