高三英語閱讀理解解題技巧與專練-主旨細(xì)節(jié)類

高三英語閱讀理解解題技巧與專練

Parti主旨細(xì)節(jié)題

【考綱解讀】

掌握文章段落主旨，能理解表達(dá)主旨的英文表達(dá)。題目一般以Whatdoesthe

writermainlymean?等類似句式出現(xiàn)。

掌握捕捉文章細(xì)節(jié)的能力。細(xì)節(jié)是信息的載體，弄清了細(xì)節(jié)才能把握文章主

旨。其題目常以Whichistrue?等句式出現(xiàn)。

【知識(shí)模塊整合】

閱讀測試題大多針對(duì)段落的subject（主題），全文的mainidea（中心思想），文

章的title（題目），或作者的purpose（目的意圖）來考主旨大意。

一、考查段落主題

段落的主旨大意常常由主題句體現(xiàn)出來（有一些故事性題材的文章沒有主題

句）。主題句通常有四個(gè)特點(diǎn)：概括性；統(tǒng)一性（段落中各句均圍繞中心進(jìn)行闡述）；

連貫性（不僅和整段意義統(tǒng)一，而且在時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)等語法問題上保持

一致，這更是科技英語行文的特性）；簡沽性（主題句的結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，一般不用復(fù)

雜的長句或難句）。

考查主題句的題干一般常見的有：

Themainideaofparagraph1is.

Paragraph2dealswith.

Paragraph3tellsus.

Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythelastparagraph?

Whatisthesubjectdiscussed?

主題句一般在段首，也可置于段中或段末。

若主題句在段首，則后面的句子遵循“從一般到個(gè)別”的寫作程序，既先立論，

后擺事實(shí)道理。

若主題句在段末，則先描述，后概括。

有時(shí)候第一句是承前啟后的句子；或者先進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)描寫再概括，然后再進(jìn)行

陳述。這兩種情況下主題句在第一句之后或在段落中間。

有時(shí)，一篇文章或一段文字中可能出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)意義相近，互相強(qiáng)化的主題句。

二、考查全文的中心思想

這類題難度較大，它挖掘的是隱形的、深層的含義，必須吃透文章內(nèi)容才能

做出來。全文中心足各段主旨之和，因此做好此類題目的根本依然是抓住段落主

旨。

其常見題干有：

Thestorymainlytellsus.

Thewriterwantstotellus?

Fromthepassageweknowthat?

三、考查文章的標(biāo)題

答好這類題要求我們有較好的概括能力。文章的標(biāo)題必須是對(duì)文章主旨的高

度概括，要簡潔、醒啊、適耳、中的一般的題干有：

Thebesttitleofthispassageis,

Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitle?

四、考查作者的目的、意圖

這類題目雖難，但是相對(duì)來講較第二類題好做一些，因?yàn)槠浯鸢竿秋@性

的、表層的。其題干常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：

Thisarticleisparticularlywrittenfor.

Whenthewritersays...hereallymeans.

Theauthor*sattitudeto...isthat.

Whatkindofatmospheredoesthewriterwanttocreateinthispassage?

Thewriterregards...as.

Ihewriterspurposeinwritingthisstoryis.

Thewriterthinksthat.

如前所述，主題句表達(dá)段落的主要思想。但是，主題句并不是段落的全部內(nèi)

容。段落的全部內(nèi)容除主題概括的主要思想外，還包括段落中的每一個(gè)句子所包

含的具體信息。具體信息是為段落的統(tǒng)一思想服務(wù)的，也就是說，有了具體的材

料如事實(shí)、例證等才能將段落中心思想解釋清楚，闡述明白。為了便于讀者掌握

段落主題，作者往往根據(jù)段落的要求和自己的意圖，按照一定的思維模式，通過

一定的語言手段，把分散的、復(fù)雜的材料組織在一起，使它們之間具有密切相關(guān)

的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，成為一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、層次分明、形式與內(nèi)容一致的語義整體。作者

用具體的事實(shí)、事件、例證、理由等記敘、描述、說明或論證段落中心思想叫做

段落展開；按照人們的思維方式把具體的細(xì)節(jié)組織在一起叫做段落模式。了解和

掌握了段落模式有助于我們迅速抓住具體信息，加深對(duì)段落主題思想的理解，從

而提高閱讀速度和理解能力。

作者組織具體信息的模式是多方面的，常見的有下列幾種：時(shí)間型段落；空

間位置型段落；例證型段落；程序型段落；因果型段落；比較、對(duì)比型段落。

【能力模塊突破】

一篇短文圍繞其中心或某一話題展開，需要通過各種方法來說明、表現(xiàn)中心

話題。細(xì)節(jié)是構(gòu)成文章的血肉。閱讀理解題多數(shù)是依據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)來命題的。某個(gè)

細(xì)節(jié)可能是一個(gè)題的答案，也可能一個(gè)答案需要對(duì)多個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行綜合才能得出。

細(xì)節(jié)題還包括對(duì)平時(shí)細(xì)小的知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考核。弄清細(xì)節(jié)還是正確把握文章主旨意圖

的前提。

-、文章中細(xì)節(jié)的類型

在一篇文章中，細(xì)節(jié)一般有五種類型：描寫性細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)性細(xì)節(jié)、說明性細(xì)

節(jié)、比較或?qū)Ρ刃约?xì)節(jié)、說理性細(xì)節(jié)。

1.描寫性細(xì)節(jié)：這類細(xì)節(jié)往往用來傳遞某種情緒與感情，某種印象，或敘

述親眼目睹的一些經(jīng)歷。

2.事實(shí)性細(xì)節(jié)：指作者在敘述某事時(shí)使用的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)。

3.說明性細(xì)節(jié)：以解說或介紹的方式說明事物，或告訴人們?nèi)绾巫瞿呈隆?/p>

這類細(xì)節(jié)條理清楚，過渡自然，因此在這類細(xì)節(jié)中常出現(xiàn)一些過渡詞。如：first,

second,third,finally,also,forexample,forinstance,otherwise,moreover,therefore,

onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,then,now等等。

4.比較或?qū)Ρ刃约?xì)節(jié)：對(duì)比是指出同類事物中的不同之處，而比較則是把

兩種或多種事物相比較指出其相同的地方。

5.說理性細(xì)節(jié)：為了使主題思想為讀者所接受，往往需要陳述理由。

一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)類理解題一般只針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)來設(shè)題，但是在加上有關(guān)的選

項(xiàng)后，有可能涉及到若干個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。其題型多種多樣，幾乎沒有固定模式。下面列

舉部分常見的細(xì)節(jié)題干:

(1)Therightorderwhichtellsthestoryis...

(2)Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthefollowing.

(3)Whichstatementistrue?

(4)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?

(5)Allthefollowingstatementsare(not)trueexcept...

(6)Thewriter(author)mentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept...

(7)Inthisparagraph,wefindsupportforallofthefollowingstatements

except...

(8)Thestatementsmadebytheauthorarebasedon...

(9)Theauthorinforms(tellsus)that...

做好細(xì)節(jié)題的關(guān)鍵一是要弄清題干的意思，二是要讀懂相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。在

選擇答案時(shí)要運(yùn)用“分析、推理、對(duì)比、判斷”等思維方式，特別要運(yùn)用好“排中

律”來進(jìn)行判斷選擇。

【典型考題歸類訓(xùn)練】

（1）（2006湖南卷D）

Thediscoveryofadwarfed（矮個(gè)的）"humanbeing"wholivedinFlores,

Indonesia,upto18,000yearsagoischangingthewaywethinkaboutthehuman

family.This"FloresHuman"wasthreefoottallandherbrainwassmallerthanthatof

theaveragechimp（黑夜猩猩），yetsheandherrelativesapparentlylivedfullyhuman

lives.Theyseemtohavemadetools,workedtogethertofindfoodandcookit,and

perhapsevenburiedtheirdeadwithceremony.

Itwasamajorsurprisetofindtoolsassociatedwiththenewhumanfamily

member.ThetoolsarelikethoseformerlyseenonlywithEuropeanfossils（化石）

fromourownspecies,Homosapiens（智人），andtheoldestofthemweremade

94,000yearsago.Homosapiensisthoughttohavearrivedintheislandabout40,000

yearsago,muchtoolatetoberesponsibleforthetools,ifthistinyhumanmadethe

tools,thentheinsidestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）ofitsbrainmusthavebeenmorelikeourown

thanachimp's,despitebeingjustathirdthesizeofours.

This”newhuman*1wassuspectedtobeadwarfedbranchofHomoerectus（直立

人）.Whencreaturesareseparatedinregionswithrareresourcesbutfewenemies,

beingbigisadisadvantage,andevolutiontendstoshrinkthem,aprocessknownas

islanddwarfing.Couldnaturalselectionmakeahumansmallerwhilekeeping-even

improving-mentalability?Quitepossibly,believesChristopherWillsofthe

UniversityofCalifornia.

Hasthe"FloresHuman"evenshowntheabilityoflanguage?"Ifinditdifficultto

imaginethatpeoplecouldmaketools,usefire,andkilllargeanimalswithoutfairly

advancedcommunication."Willssays.Did"FloresHuman"possessthebasic

componentsofhumanculture—suchastheburyingofthedeadwithceremony?

EmilianoBruneroftheItalianInstitutepointsoutthatIndonesia'shot,wet

environmentisbadforfossilization.Itisreasonabletoassume,hesays,thatthe

18,000-year-oldbonesofthemostcompleteFloreswomanwerewell-preserved

becauseshewasburiedwithspecialcare.

1.Accordingtothepassage,"FloresHuman".

A.livedapartlyhumanlife

B.wasabranchofHomosapiens

C.usedtoolsbeforeHomosapiensarrived

D.hadabrainaslargeasacommonchimp's

2.Theunderlinedpart"thistinyhuman"inParagraph2refersto.

A.achimpB.FloresHuman

C.HomosapiensD.Homoerectus

3.Thispassagemainlytalksabout

A.thetoolsmadeby"FloresHuman"

B.thelanguageusedbyHFloresHuman"

C.theevolutionof"FloresHuman"

D.themajorsurprisingfindingsabout"FloresHuman”

4.Accordingtothepassage,itisbelievedthatMFloresHuman".

A.wasdwarfedbyitsenemies

B.coulduselanguage

C.leftalotoffossilsinthehotandwetenvironment

D.reachedFlores40,000yearsago

（2）（2006陜西卷A）

Forcenturies,theonlyformofwrittencorrespondence（通信）wastheletter.

Letterswere,andare,sentbysomeformofpostalservice,thehistoryofwhichgoes

backalongway.Indeed,theEgyptiansbegansendinglettersfromabout2000BC,as

didtheChineseathousandyearslater.

Ofcourse,modernpostalservicesnowaremuchmoredevelopedandfaster,

dependingastheydooncarsandplanesfordelivery.Yettheyarestilltooslowfbr

somepeopletosendurgentdocuments（緊急文件）andletters.

Theinventionofthefax（傳真）machineincreasedthespeedofdelivering

documentsevenmore.Whenyousendafax,youaresendingacopyofapieceof

correspondencetosomeonebytelephoneservice.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1980sthat

suchaservicewasdevelopedenoughforbusinessestobeabletofaxdocumentsto

eachother.

Thefaxserviceisstillverymuchinusewhencopiesofdocumentsrequiretobe

sent,but,asawayoffastcorrespondence,ithasbeenlargelytakentheplaceofby

email.Emailisusedtodescribemessagessentfromonecomputerusertoanother.

Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantageswithemails,Ifyousendsomeonean

email,thenhewillreceiveitextremelyquickly.Normalpostalservicesarerather

slowasforasspeedofdeliveryisconcerned.

However,ifyouwritesomethingbyemail,whichyoumightlaterregret,and

senditimmediately,thereisnochanceforsecondthoughts.Atleast,ifyouare

postingaletteryouhavetoaddressandseal（封）theenvelopeandtakeittothepost

box.Thereisplentyoftimetochangeyourmind.Themessageisthinkbeforeyou

email!

1.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.

A.emailislesspopularthanthefaxservice

B.thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomefaster

C.thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomeslower

D.thefaxservicehasahistoryaslongasthepostalservicedoe;:

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.

A.thefaxservicehadbeenfullydevelopedbythe1980s

B.lettershavebeenusedinChinaforabout1,000years

C.thefaxmachinewasinventedafterthe1980s

D.lettershavebeenusedinEgyptfbrabout2,000years

3.Inthelastparagraph,thewritermentions"thinkbeforeyouemail"toshow

that.

A.youmayregretifyoudon'tsealyourenvelope

B.youmayregretbeforeyousendsomethingbye-mail

C.you'dbetternotsendyouremailinahurry

D.youneedplentyoftimetosendanemail

4.Thetextmainlydealswith.

A.theprogressincorrespondenceB.theadvantageoffaxmachines

C.theadvantageofemailsD.theinventionoffaxmachines

（3）（2006重慶卷A）

WhenIwasinthethirdgrade,Iwaspickedtobetheprincess（公主）intheschool

play.Forweeksmymotherhadhelpedmepracticemylines.Butonceonstage,every

worddisappearedfrommyhead.Thenmyteachertoldmeshehadwrittenanarrator's

（解說者的）partfortheplay,andaskedmetochangeroles.ThoughIdidn*ttellmy

motherwhathadhappenedthatday,shesensedmyunhappinessandaskedifIwanted

totakeawalkintheyard.

Itwasalovelyspringday,Wecouldseedandelions（蒲公英）poppingthrough

thegrassinbunches,asifapainterhadtouchedourlandscapewithbitsofgold.I

watchedmymothercarelesslybenddownbyoneofthebunches."IthinkIamgoing

todigupalltheseweeds,"shesaid."Fromnowon,we'llhaveonlyrosesinthis

garden."

"ButIlikedandelions,"Iprotested."Allflowersarebeautiful-evendandelions!'*

Mymotherlookedatmeseriously.MYes,everyflowergivespleasureinitsown

way,doesn'tit?"sheaskedthoughtfully.Inodded."Andthatistrueofpeople,too,"

sheadded.

WhenIrealizedthatshehadguessedmypain,Istartedtocryandtoldherthe

truth.

"Butyouwillbeabeautifulnarrator,"shesaid,remindingmeofhowmuchI

lovedtoreadstoriesaloudtoher.

Overthenextfewweeks,withhercontinuousencouragement,Ilearnedtotake

prideintherole.Thebigdayfinallycame.Afewminutesbeforetheplay,myteacher

cameovertome."YourmotheraskedmetogivethistoyouJshesaid,handingmea

dandelion.Aftertheplay,Itookhometheflower,laughingthatIwasperhapstheonly

personwhowouldkeepsuchaweed.

1.Thegirldidnotplaytheroleoftheprincessmainlybecause.

A.shefeltnervousonthestage

B.shelostherinterestinthatrole

C.shepreferredtheroleofthenarrator

D.shehaddifficultymemorizingherwords

2.Whydidthemothersuggestawalkinthegarden?

A.Toremovethedandelions.

B.Toenjoythegardenscene.

C.Tohaveatalkwithherdaughter.

D.Tohelpherdaughterwiththeplay.

3.Whatisthemainideaofthestory?

A.Everybodycanfindhisorherownwaytosuccess.

B.Everybodyhashisorherownvalueintheworld.

C.Everybodyshouldlearntoplaydifferentroles.

D.Everybodyhassomeunforgettablememory.

（4）（2006重慶卷E）

Theflag,themostcommonsymbol（象征）ofanationinthemodemworld,is

alsooneofthemostancient.Withaclearsymbolicmeaning,theflaginthe

traditionalformisstillusedtodaytomarkbuildings,shipsandothervehiclesrelated

toacountry.

Thenationalflagasweknowittodayisinnowayaprimitive（原始的）artifact.

Itis,rather,theproductofthousandsofyears'development.Historiansbelievethatit

hadtwomajorancestors,ofwhichtheearlierservedtoshowwinddirection.

Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehousesandboats.Oftenstrongwinds

wouldtearroofsfromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers.People's

foodsuppliesweresimilarlyvulnerable.Evenaftertheyhadlearnedhowtoplant

grains,theystillneededhelpfromnaturetoensuregoodharvests.Thereforethey

fearedanddependedonthepowerofthewind,whichcouldbringwarmthfromone

directionandcoldfromanother.

Usingasimplepieceofclothtiedtothetopofaposttotellthedirectionofthe

windwasmoredependablethanearliermethods,suchaswatchingtherisingofsmoke

fromafire.Theconnectionoftheflagwithheavenlypowerwasthereforereasonable.

Earlyhumansocietiesbegantofixlongpiecesofclothtothetopsoftotems（圖騰）

beforecarryingthemintobattle.Theybelievedthatthepowerofthewindwouldbe

addedtothegoodwishesofthegodsandancestorsrepresentedbythetotems

themselves.

Theseflagsdevelopedveryslowlyintomodernflags.Thefirstknownflagofa

nationorarulerwasunmarked:ThekingofChinaaround1000B.C.wasknownto

haveawhiteflagcarriedaheadofhim.Thispracticemighthavebeenlearnedfrom

Egyptiansevenfurtherinthepast,butitwasfromChinathatitspreadovertrade

routesthroughIndia,thenacrossArablands,andfinallytoEurope,whereitmetup

withtheotherancestorofthenationalflag.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.

A.DevelopmentoftheNationalFlagB.PoweroftheNationalFlag

C.TypesofFlagsD.UsesofFlags

2.Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3means.

A.impossibletomakesureofB.likelytobeprotected

C.easytodamageD.difficulttofind

3.Theearliestflagswereconnectedwithheavenlypowerbecause.

A.theycouldtellwinddirection

B.theycouldbringgoodlucktofighters

C.theywerehandeddownbytheancestors

D.theywerebelievedtostandfornaturalforces

4.Whatdoestheauthorknowofthefirstnationalflag?

A.HeknowswhenitwassenttoEurope.

B.HebelievesitwasmadeinEgypt.

C.HethinksitcamefromChina.

D.Hedoubtswhereitstarted.

5.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?

A.TheroleofChinainthespreadofthenationalflag.

B.Thesecondancestorofthenationalflag.

C.TheuseofmodernflagsinEurope.

D.Theimportanceofmodemflags.

（5）（2006湖北卷B）

Haveyoueverreceivedagiftthatwassoclearly,notyourtastethatyou

wonderedifperhapsithadbeenhandedtoyoubymistake.'?Worse,haveyouever

givenapresentandwatchedyourfriendlookasthoughshehadopenedthewrong

box?Maybesherespondedwithapolite"Why,thankyou,°butyouknewyouhad

missedthemark.Whydopresentssometimesgowrong?Andwhatdoyourchoices

（goodandbad）reflectaboutyourpersonalqualities?

Choosingtherightgiftisanart,Ibelieve.Itcallsforempathy—theabilitytoput

yourselfintosomeoneelse'sheadandheart.We'reallabletodothis,infact,we're

bornwithakindofnaturalempathy.Aftertheearliestperiodofchildhood,however,it

needstobereinforced（力口強(qiáng)）一byourparents,teachers,friends.Whenitisn't,we're

notabletounderstandotherpeople'sfeelingsassharply.Thiscanshowinthegiftswe

select,andsocanmanyotheremotional（情感的）qualities.

Thinkbacktothepresentsyou'vegivenoverthepastyear,thetimeandeffort

youputintoyourselection,howmuchyouspent,yourthoughtswhileyouwere

shopping,andyourfeelingswhenthereceiveropenedthepackage.Keepinmindthat

whatyouchoosedisplays.

Yourinnerworld.Ofcourse,youmayexpressyourselfdifferentlywithdifferent

friends,relatives,andotherpeopleyouknow.

Weliveinasocietywhereexchangingpresentsisanimportantpartof

communication.Ignoringthetraditionwon'tmakeitgoaway.Ifyoureallydislike

suchatradition,tellyourfriendsaheadoftime.

1.Theunderlinedexpression**youhadmissedthemark"means"youhadfailed

to

A.makeherfeelbetterB.keepyourfriendship

C.receiveapresentinreturnD.gettheexpectedeffect

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

A.Naturalempathyneedstobereinforced.

B.Emotionalchangesinfluenceone'schoiceofgifts.

C.Selectingtherightgiftsisanabilitypeoplearebornwith.

D.Choosinggiftsrequiresonetounderstandthereceivers.

3.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthortellsusthat.

A.attentionshouldbepaidtothereceivers*responses

B.onelearnsfromwhathedidinthepast

C.thechoiceofgiftsreflectsone'semotionalqualities

D.oneshouldspendmoretimechoosinggifts

4.Thebestpossibletitleforthispassageis"

A.WaysofChoosingGiftsB.AnImportantTradition

C.ExchangingPresentsD.MessageinaGift

(6)(2006江蘇卷A)

TheMarcheswereahappyfamily.Poverty,hardwork,andeventhefactthat

FatherMarchwasawaywiththeUnionarmiescouldnotdownthespiritsofMeg,Jo,

Beth,Amy,andMarmee,astheMarchgirlscalledtheirmother.

TheMarchsisterstriedtobegoodbuthadtheirshareoffaults.PrettyMegwas

oftendispleasedwiththeschoolchildrenshetaught;boyishJowaseasytobecome

angry;golden-hairedschoOlgirlAmylikedtoshowup;butBeth,whokeptthehouse,

waslovingandgentlealways.

ThehappydayspassedanddarknesscamewhenatelegramarrivedforMrs.

March.HYourhusbandisveryill,"itsaid,"comeatonce.MThegirlstriedtobebrave

whentheirmotherleftforthefront.Theywaitedandprayed.LittleBethgotscarlet

fever（猩紅）whenshewastakingcareofasickneighbor.Shebecameveryillbut

begantorecoverbythetimeMarmeewasbackwhenFathercamehomefromthe

frontandatthatjoyfulChristmasdinnertheywereoncemorealltogether.

ThreeyearslatertheMarchgirlshadgrownintoyoungwomanhood.Meg

becameMrs.Brooke,andafterafewfamilytroublesgotusedtohernewstate

happily.Johadfoundpleasureinherliteraryefforts.Amyhadgrownintoayoung

ladywithatalentfordesignandanevengreateroneforsociety.ButBethhadnever

fullyregainedherhealth,andherfamilywatchedherwithloveandanxiety.

AmywasaskedtogoandstayinEuropewitharelativeoftheMarches1.Jowent

toNewYorkandbecamesuccessfulinherwritingandhadthesatisfactionofseeing

herworkpublishedthere.Butathomethebitterestblowwasyettofall.Bethhad

knownforsometimethatshecouldn'tlivemuchlongertobewithhisfamily,andin

thespringtimeshedied.

NewscamefromEuropethatAmyandLaurie,thegrandsonofawealthy

neighbor,hadplannedtobemarriedsoon.NowJobecameevermoresuccessfulin

herwritingandgotmarriedtoProfessorBhaer,andsoonafterwardsfoundedaschool

forboys.

Andsothelittlewomenhadgrownupandlivedhappilywiththeirchildren,

enjoyingtheharvestofloveandgoodnessthattheyhaddevotedalltheirlivesto.

1.ThemembersoftheMarchfamilywereFatherMarch,Mrs.Marchand

their.

A.fourdaughtersB.fivedaughters

C.sonandfourdaughtersD.sonandfivedaughters

2.Whowasthemostsuccessfulincareer（事業(yè)）amongtheMarchgirls?

A.Jo.B.Beth.C.Amy.D.Meg.

3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheMarchFamily.B.TheMarchParents.

C.TheMarchGirls.D.TheMarchRelatives.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheMarchfamilyhad.

A.bothhappinessandsadnessB.wealthyneighbors

C.moregirlsthanboysD.alotofrichrelatives

（7）（2006江蘇卷D）

Inarecentlypublishedbook,Icameacrosssomeexerciseswithinteresting

namessuchasfishbonediagrams,lotusflowers,andclustering.AsIusedthese

exercisesinmyclasses,Inoticedthatstudentswereinterested.Theysaidmoreand

wrotemore.Theyenjoyedexpressingtheirideasandsharingthemingroups.They

werenolongerpassivelywaitingforthebell,butactivelytookpartinthelesson,I

findthatcreativity（倉（J新）canactasawaytoincreaseparticipationandimprove

fluency（流利程度）.

Creativityhasbecomeapopularwordinrecentyears.Scholarsinthearts,

psychology（心理學(xué)），business,education,andscienceareallWorkingtogetadeeper

understandingofit.RobertJ.SternbergisacreativityspecialistandYaleprofessor

ofpsychology.Hedefinescreativityas"theabilitytoproduceworkthatisbothnew

（original）andappropriate（applicabletothesituation）."Thisdefinitionisuseful,as

wewantourstudentstouselanguageinanewway,andtouseitcorrectlyand

properly.Mostscholarssaytherearetwotypesofcreativity:big"C"creativityand

small**c"creativity.BigHC"creativityreferstogeniuslevelthinkingthatresultsin

artisticmasterpiecesandscientificbreakthroughs.Small"c"creativityrefersto

everydaylevelthinkingthatcanbeusedinanysituation.Ouremphasisisonthelatter.

Whileitgoeswithoutsayingthatanyofourstudentscouldgoontobethenext

PicassoorEdison,ouraimistohelpstudentsproducemoreideasanduselanguagein

newways.

1.Theunderlinedwords"waitingforthebell"inthefirstparagraphprobably

mean.

A.longingforaphonecallB.hopingtohaveabell

C.expectingtheendoftheclassD.wantingtospeakinclass

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorthoughttheexercisesinthe

bookwere.

A.popularB.usefulC.scientificD.creative

3.Whenyouuseaveryfamiliarwordinanewway,youare.

A.creativeinthesenseofbig"C"creativity

B.creativeinthesenseofsmall"c"creativity

C.notcreativeinthesenseofbig"C"creativity

D.notcreativeinthesenseofsmall"c"creativity

4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.showhowusefulthebookis

B.explainwhatcreativityis

C.discusshowonecanbecreative

D.tellwhatreachingaimsat

（8）（2005湖南卷C）

PaulaRadcliffe,chasing（角逐）athirdLondonmarathontitle（冠軍），saysshe

hasbecameastrongerpersonafterherterribleexperienceatthe2004AthensGames.

Radcliffe,whofailedtocompletetheOlympicmarathonandthe10,000mlast

August,said:'1Athensmademeastrongerpersonanditmademecarelessabout

criticism（批評(píng)）”

"InthepastIwantedtopleaseeveryone,butnowIamgoingtolistenevenmore

tothepeoplearoundme."

Shedidn'tcareaboutcriticismmadeattheweekendbyLizMcCulgan,whofelt

RadcliffeshouldhaverestedandletherbodyrecoverafterherfailureinAthens.

“LizissomeoneIlookuptobutshehasn*tspokentomesincelastyearandif

shereallycaredforme,I'msureshewouldhavecontacted（聯(lián)系）me."

InsteadRadcliffewontheNewYorkCitymarathonjust11weeksafterAthens.

"InNewYorkIwasn'tinmybeststatebutIdidknowIwasgoodenoughtowin

theRadcliffeinsistedheronlygoalinSunday'sracewouldbewinningathirdtitleand

notchasingworldrecords."

However,Radcliffehasnotruledout（排除）inthefuturechasingher“final”

worldrecordtimeandquestionedsayingsthatmarathonrunnershavetheabilityin

theircareertoproduceonlyfourorfiveworld-classtimes.

“Idon*tthinkthatalthoughIcan'tputanumberonit,"said.Radcliffe”That

changesfrompersontoperson.'*

RadcliffeissureshecanbetterherwinningLondon2003performanceatsome

pointinthefuture.Followingasuccessfulthree-monthtrainingperiodintheUnited

States,the31-year-oldwillchaseathirdtitleonSundayafterherfirstvictoryin2002

andagain12monthslater.

Radcliffeclockedatimeof2:18:56inherfirst42.2-kilometreracethreeyears

ago.

AfterwardsshesetaHmixedcourse"markof2:17:18.FivemonthslaterIn

Chicagobeforeloweringthattoatimeof2:15:25inthe2003Londonevent.

1.Radcliffe'sfailureinAthensmadeher.

A.developrespectforLizB.lovepeoplearoundhermore

C.restforfivemonthsD.facecriticismcalmly

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.RadcliffebroketheworldrecordintheNewYorkCitymarathon.

B.Radcliffedidn'tfullyrecoverbeforetheNewYorkCitymarathon.

C.RadcliffewonherfirstmarathontitleintheNewYorkCitymarathon.

D.Radcliffehada3-monthtrainingbeforetheNewYorkCitymarathon.

3.Bysaying"Ican'tputanumberonit,"Radcliffemeansshe'snot

sure.

A.ifshehastheabilitytosetanewworldrecord

B.ifshecanwinanotherracethoughshehaswonmanytimes

C.howmanytimesamarathonrunnercansettheworldrecord

D.ifshehastheabilitytoproducefourorfiveworld-classtimes

4.Accordingtothetext,RadcliffehaswonLondonmarathon

title(s).

A.fourB.threeC.twoD.one

5.WhatcanwelearnfromRadcliffefsstory?

A.Practicemakesperfect.

B.Wellbegunishalfdone.

C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

D.Wherethereisawillthereisaway.

（9）（2005北京卷A）

Chances

IreallylovemyjobbecauseIenjoyworkingwithsmallchildrenandlikethe

challengesandawardsfromthejob.Ialsothinkmyworkisimportant.Therewasa

timewhenIthoughtIwouldneverhavethatsortofcareer（職業(yè)）.

Iwasn'tanexcellentstudentbecauseIdidn*tdomuchschoolwork.I