2023年英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作技巧

PAGE英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作技巧W(what);H(how);O(organization)第一、考研寫(xiě)作總論第二、詞句基本功第三、短文寫(xiě)作篇第四、應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作篇考研寫(xiě)作總論1、命題要求2、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)小作文（100-120）大作文（160-200）考人和物之間的關(guān)系內(nèi)容：審題結(jié)構(gòu)：篇章框架和行文思路（描圖，闡明涵義，評(píng)論）一少，二三長(zhǎng)；頭尾短，中間長(zhǎng)語(yǔ)言：詞句基本功描圖時(shí)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)散句變主從將幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的陳述句合為一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句散句變主分保持樂(lè)觀精神，沿著通向成功的道路前進(jìn)，你肯定會(huì)成功的Beoptimistic,proceedalongthewaytowardssuccess,(goforwardalongthewaytosuccess)andyouwillgetthere.(youwillsurelytomakeit)Keepingoptimistic,andgoingforward...,youwillsurlytomakeit...分詞主語(yǔ)一致IdosomeshoppingandIpayforthebill.Idosomeshopping,payingforthebill.MyGF...,withmepayingforthebill.Amajorityofgraduatesaregraduating(steppingintothesociety)soon,facingavarietyofoptions.Withavarietyofoptionslyinginfrontofthem.一個(gè)句子做主體句，其余句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉衷~，主動(dòng)時(shí)用現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞，被動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去分詞。特殊一次不定式，經(jīng)常普遍動(dòng)名詞Sp.主動(dòng)進(jìn)行p.p被動(dòng)完成Beingdone進(jìn)行被動(dòng)Done現(xiàn)在完成增加修飾語(yǔ)Twodisabledmeneachwithoneleg,helpingeachother,arerunningforwardquicklyandsteadily,withtheircrutchesbeingleftbehindthem.散句，主從句，改土鱉詞，加修飾語(yǔ)。每周兩篇，每篇三稿，散句，合并同時(shí)詞匯升級(jí)，增加修飾語(yǔ)左二又六黃金法則：定語(yǔ)1限定詞，2單個(gè)形容詞中心名詞1形容詞性短語(yǔ)、2介詞短語(yǔ)、3不定式，動(dòng)名詞、4分詞、5定從、6同從Thefourchildrenareplayingaspecialfootballgame,kickingtheiragingfatherlikeaball.Thefourchildrenareplayingaspecialfootballgame,withtheiragingfathercrouchinglikeaball.Twomenareseeingthebeautifulscenes/sittinginaboat,throwingtherubbishrandomlyintothelake.Twomenareseeingthebeautifulscenes/sittinginaboat,withtherubbishbeingthrownrandomlyintothelake.Raft竹筏基本功-句錯(cuò)誤歸納謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤主謂不一致ChinglishMilk擠牛奶Iamtieduptomorrow.明天很忙Thepriceisjustright.價(jià)錢合適短文寫(xiě)作篇審題謀篇（35-40）5min：審題構(gòu)思；30min：行文；2-3min：檢查審圖片-得出主題1、抓住圖片中的核心元素，忽略次要元素2、借助中文，分析各元素的比喻內(nèi)涵，判定圖片基調(diào)3、如果是雙圖組合，注意是對(duì)立還是一致審要求-段落框架負(fù)向:alarmingironicsarcastic正向:EncouraginginstructiveDirectionsDescribethedrawingbriefly.Explainitsintendedmeaning,andsupportyourviewwithanexample/giveyourcomments.行文第一段第一層：總體描述粗線條框架句（包含一個(gè)形容詞基調(diào)）+描圖素顏句（圖片內(nèi)容概括）Depictedinthe基調(diào)詞pictureis/are圖片內(nèi)容概括（核心元素+后置定語(yǔ)）Depictedintheinstructivepicturearethetwodisabledmenrunningforwardtogether.Asisdepictedinthisinstructivepicture,+句子第二層：細(xì)節(jié)描述動(dòng)作事情發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，程度，方式等用散句變主分第三層：略微引向主題Whatthepicturedescribesisreallythought-provoking.就圖寫(xiě)圖（心理活動(dòng)），借助中文源于主題，又高于主題，帶有普世價(jià)值的論點(diǎn)。Apparently,theyareallreluctanttosupporttheirpooragingfather.Apparently,thedisabledmenarebenefitalotfromcooperation.Depictedintheironicpictureisaboatfloatingonthelake./aretwotouristsenjoyingtheirjourneyinaboat.Thetwomenaresittinginaboat,withtherubbishbeingthrownintothelakerandomly.Apparently/evidently,thephenomenonreflectstheseriouspollutionoftheenvironment.Theirmisdeedleadstotheenvironmentalpollution.第二段：第一層：點(diǎn)明社會(huì)寓意常用句型Thesymbolicmeaningofthepicture/Thepurposeofthedrawing/istoshowusimportanceshouldbeattachedto/dueattentionshouldbepaidto+包含主題詞的名詞短語(yǔ)Thepictureillustratestherealmeaningof+主題詞的名詞短語(yǔ)，bystressingthefactthat(這幅畫(huà)通過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)。。。這一事實(shí)，闡釋了。。。真正含義)如何抽象拔高圖片寓意。人：以小見(jiàn)大物：把握其象征意義Oedipuscomplex俄狄浦斯情結(jié)2022-2022負(fù)向：社會(huì)弊病11、09、06、05、03、00個(gè)人問(wèn)題13、07正向：社會(huì)風(fēng)尚10、08、02、01人生哲理12、04第一層：點(diǎn)明社會(huì)寓意第二層：展開(kāi)論證負(fù)向：行文思路1、原因分析:-)手掌原則內(nèi)因（意識(shí)，品質(zhì)，道德，責(zé)任感，價(jià)值觀）Lackawarenessof.../self-discipline/selfrestraintPersonalquality/moralityIncorrect/improperviews/outlook/onthesociety/value/life/happinessSenseofsocialcommitment.外因（法規(guī)，政府部門，媒體，社會(huì)，教育）Law/regulation/rulesNotsoperfect/notsorestrainedRelevantadministration/authority/department(concerned)lacksupervision/insufficientmanagementMedia:lackadvertisement/propaganda/guidance/education/schoolcan'tescapefromitsresponsibilitytowardsthisissue/phenomonon.行文思路2、利弊分析行文思路3、欲揚(yáng)先抑正向：行文思路1、意義分析；正反論證行文思路2、化通俗為哲理論證手段--因果互推Thisphenomenoninvolvesseveralcomplicatedfactors/reasons.Anumberof/threeingredientscouldaccountfor...欲揚(yáng)先抑大眾觀點(diǎn)（歸因于外）質(zhì)疑大眾（舉反例-偽數(shù)據(jù)）陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)（歸因于內(nèi)）1)ItisheldbyamajorityofpeoplethatItisgenerally/widelyconsidered/shared/accepted/agreed/assumed/arguedthat...2)isthattrue?Nolonger3)consideringwhatImentionedabove/theabovesituation,myviewtowardsthisissueis...意義分析：正反論證1、如果有主題詞，那么帶來(lái)哪一些好處。首先。。。其次。。。最后例如Itisdueto主題詞thatbringsthefollowingbenefits.Firstandforemost,inaddition,lastbutnotleast.主題詞isofgreatbenefitto;dogoodto;begoodtoHave/exert/exerciseagood/positiveinfluence/effect/impacton2,如果沒(méi)有主題詞，那么帶來(lái)哪一些害處。首先。。。其次。。。最后例如主題詞isofgreatharmto;doharmto;beharmfultoHave/exert/exerciseagood/positiveinfluence/effect/impacton論證手段-雙向論證Itis...thatmakesWithout...wouldbe好處壞處思考分析的角度和維度個(gè)人方面（身心發(fā)展，工作，生活，學(xué)習(xí)）+因果互推（提供動(dòng)力，積極心態(tài)，直面困難）社會(huì)方面（發(fā)展，和諧，效率，公平）+舉例說(shuō)明化通俗為哲理1）提出名言+解釋名言（正話反說(shuō)）+結(jié)論（對(duì)名言進(jìn)行同義復(fù)現(xiàn)）2）假名言或中心句+如果不這樣，我們會(huì)怎么樣+結(jié)論：我們必須這樣提出名言第三段：1）舉例IcanthinkofnobetterillustrationthanthefollowingonesNumerousreasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon/supportmyview,butthefollowingonesaretypicalinmyviewpointItisthespiritofindependenceandoptimismthatmakesNickVujicicwhosestoryencouragesusalotdifferentfromothers.第三段2）評(píng)論對(duì)第一和第二段發(fā)表評(píng)論正向：^_^社會(huì)風(fēng)尚，個(gè)人哲理-積極倡導(dǎo)第一層：表明態(tài)度，支持Asto,asfor,whenitcomesto,asfarasSth.Isconcerned支持態(tài)度：Iamdeterminedtosay...;infavorof;sidewith;standby;backup第二層：突顯意義和價(jià)值（惠及個(gè)人于社會(huì)，惠及當(dāng)下與未來(lái)）Peoplefromallwalksoflifeenabletoacquirebetterunderstandingofeachotherandlivepeacefullyinthisworld.Onlywithpersistentendeavorscouldanationrenewandrevitalizeitself,thusmaintainingitscompetitiveedge.Theanswerseemsself-evident,thisspiritinspiresusinourpursuitforbetterlifeandbrighterfuture.Weshouldbearinmindthat...isofgreatsignificancetobothoursocietyandourselves.第三層：自己觀點(diǎn)（決心積極投入，參與其中）負(fù)向：社會(huì)弊病，個(gè)人問(wèn)題-提出建議措施Askedabouttheattitudetowardsmutualassistance,asisdiscussedabove,Iamdeterminedtosaymutualassistanceisbeneficialtoindividualsand,moreimportantly,elevatingtothesociety.Indeed,thiselevatingeffectwillnotlastformerelyseveralyears,as/because...Suchsocialbehaviorhasbeenwidelyviewedasavirtueofournationthatmanybedeliveredfromoneindividualtoanother,fromonedecadetoanother,andfromonegenerationtoanother.Asacollagestudent,Iamdeterminedtobearole-modelinthisrespect.負(fù)向--建議措施1）社會(huì)弊病維度1、內(nèi)控selfcontrol,selfrestrain,selfdiscipline,change...維度2、外控（法律，罰款，政府）思路1：大眾觀點(diǎn)（下策）-讓步轉(zhuǎn)折-我的觀點(diǎn)（上策）思路2：解決問(wèn)題的措施有下策華和上策-上下策結(jié)合社會(huì)弊病Theattitudefromthesepeopletowardsshouldbechanged/alteredthrougheducation.Theawarenessofshouldbenatured/cultivatedamongthepublicbyschool/massmedia.Thepublicshouldenhancetheirconsciousnessofsignificanceof...Correspondinglawsandregulationsoughttobeputintopracticetoban/prohibit/prevent/putanendto...Finesorotherpenaltyshouldbeputon/deathpenalty..Official/governmentinterventionshouldbeactivatedtodirect/steerthistrend/tendency.Alarge-scaleeducationcampaignshouldbelaunchedbythemediatoinformthepublicofthevitalityof.../toinformthepublicthat...Basedontheabovediscussion,immediatemeasuresshouldbetaken/adopted/employedtorespondtotheundesirablephenomenon/behaviorTherefore,itishightimeforustogetdowntosomesolidworkandtotakeactionsinareasonablewaytoputtheproblemundercontrol.Apackagedealisneededtoputanendtothisdelinquency(不良行為）whichinvolveslegislation,interventionfromdepartmentconcerned,otherpenaltiesandmorethananything,self-discipline.Presently,correspondingpunishmentsandlawshavebeenputintopractice,withfruitfulrewards.However,ifthemassmediacouldarousetheawarenessof...fromthepublic,wemightputthismisdeedtoanendentirely個(gè)人問(wèn)題維度1、求救（他人提供幫助，建議，支持）維度2、內(nèi)救（審視自我，正確認(rèn)識(shí)自我，正確認(rèn)識(shí)目標(biāo)，積極調(diào)整）行文思路1、外在措施1+內(nèi)在措施1外在措施2+內(nèi)在措施2行文思路2、欲揚(yáng)先抑--大眾觀點(diǎn)（外在措施）--質(zhì)疑大眾（舉反例）--陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)（內(nèi)在措施）Howtostepoutoftheshadowofindecisiveness優(yōu)柔寡斷/hesitation?Itisheldbythevastofpeoplethat,confrontedwithdelicatechoices/dilemma,oneshouldseekadvicefromexperts,seniors,orbooksandmovies.Butarethosesuggestionsavailableanytime?Moreover,arethoseproposalsnecessarilysuitabletotheconfusedguy?Actually,[afeasibleapproachisasfollows:tomakesurethetarget,toweighthemeritsanddemeritsoftheoptions,andtomakeadetermination/resolutionwithoutregret.]/afeasibleapproachistoanalyzetheinnermostneeds,tostudythecurrentsituation,tomakethemostsuitablechoiceandtoheadon/strideforwardwithouthesitation.內(nèi)外救結(jié)合Howtostepoutoftheshadowofindecisiveness?Apackagedealisneededtoputanendtothispsychology,whichinvolvesseekingadvicesfromexperts,seniors,ortryingtogaincourageorinspirationfrommoviesandbooks.However,ifoneshouldmakesureofthetarget,weightheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheoptions,andmakeadeterminationwithoutregret,hecouldthispsychologytoanendentirely.圖表作文圖：1997、1999、2022、2022、2022、2022表：2022、2022餅型圖審題1）審directions:明確寫(xiě)作要求Interpret/describethechart/table2)giveyourcomments.原因、影響審標(biāo)題：明確材料主題審圖表：得出第一段描述數(shù)據(jù)的要點(diǎn)（整體趨勢(shì)+極值\轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)），通過(guò)總結(jié)規(guī)律或進(jìn)行比較將數(shù)據(jù)圖表變成文字表述。以少的展開(kāi)首段第一層：介紹圖表（借助標(biāo)題）第二層：介紹數(shù)據(jù)狀態(tài)第三層：圖表\數(shù)據(jù)反映的現(xiàn)象第一層：介紹圖表（借助標(biāo)題）Thechartshowsthechangesof.../theresultsofastudy(aninvestigation)on...(duringthetimeperiodfrom...to..Emergingfromthechartis/are...Depicted/demonstratedfromthechartis/are...第二層介紹數(shù)據(jù)狀態(tài)Ascanbeseenfromthechart/table1)Thepopulationincreasedrapidlyfrom100in2022to1000in20222)Therewasarapidincreasebecauseinpopulationfrom1002022to1000in20223)Thepastyearsfrom2022to2022Witnessed/sawarapidincreaseinpopulationfrom100to1000數(shù)據(jù)狀態(tài)（詞匯）1）變化類講義p135上升，增加；下降，減少；不變，穩(wěn)定2）比率類占Atakes/accountsfor/occupies^%ThepercentageofAis表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比Whilebutyetwhereashoweverincontrastonthecontrary類比similarandmeanwhile第三層反映的現(xiàn)象Theimplicationofthechartisthattheeconomyandlivingstandardindevelopingcountrieshasbeenimprovedalotandiscatchingupwiththatindevelopedcountries.句型TheimplicationofthechartisthatThechartreflectsthat...總結(jié)+預(yù)測(cè)Tosumupm/inconclusion,..Fromwhathavebeendiscussedabove,wecancometotheconclusion(drawtheconclusion)thatJudgingfromtheaboveanalysis,wecancometotheconclusionthat...好趨勢(shì)...thistrend/momentumwillcontinueinthenearfuture,(intheyearsahead,inthecomingyears),whichisbeneficialtoourcountryandindividua