北京市石景山區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期一模考試英語試卷（含答案）

北京市石景山區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期一?？荚囉⒄Z試卷

英語

學(xué)校姓名準(zhǔn)考證號

本試卷共10頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。

考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。

考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上

將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Iamnevergoodatpublicspeaking.EverytimeIwasinvolvedinagroupproject,Iwouldalwaysvolunteerto

beanyrolebutthepresenter.So,whenmypartnerEmilyofferedtobethe]ofourproject,Iwasoverjoyed.

Unfortunately,onthepresentationday,Emilyfellillbadly.Shehadtostayhometorest.Iwasworriedthatshe

may2thepresentation,soIcalledher.AsIspoketoheronthephone,itbecameapparentthatIhadtostepup

andpresentourproject.Iwasfilledwith3.BythetimeIhungupthephone,Icouldhardlybreathe.

Ihadno4buttomakeanalternativeplan.Itriedto5mynervousnessandfocusonthetaskathand.

Pullingoutapieceofpaper,IwrotewhateverIcouldrememberonitwithgreaturgency.

Withthatpieceofpaper,Istoodoutsidetheclassroomdoor,waitingformyturn.Itriedtobecalm,butastime

passedby,6wentthroughmeandthewaitingareaseemedtoosmallformeto7.Whenmynamewascalled,

Ibrokeoutintoacoldsweat.

Infrontofthejudges,myhandsfailedintheirattemptstoremain8.Allthewhile,myvoiceandhandswere

shaking.ItriedtotakeshallowbreathsandIfeltIwouldfallapartanytime.Somehow,I9togothroughtheentire

presentationanddelivermyspeechasplanned.10myfearwasnotashardasitseemed,andmyalternativeplan

provedtobeasuccess.

1.A.recorderB.speakerC.designerD.organizer

2.A.changeB.giveC.analyzeD.miss

3.A.reliefB.excitementC.anxietyD.shame

4.A.resourceB.worryC.chanceD.choice

5.A.pushasideB.letoutC.hidebehindD.holdonto

6.A.sadnessB.fearC.angerD.guilt

7.A.restB.cryC.breatheD.sigh

8.A.steadyB.flexibleC.gentleD.strong

9.A.pretendedB.expectedC.refusedD.managed

10.A.UnderstandingB.OvercomingC.AdmittingD.Expressing

第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

A

NickwasridinghisbikealongtheArchingRiverwhenhenoticedsomething11(usual)inthewater.He

tookacloserlookandsawapairoffin-likethingscirclingabovetheriver'ssurface.12(confuse)bywhathehad

seen,NicktookavideoandposteditontheInternet.Dayslater,someresearchersconfirmedthathe13(spot)

twodolphins——thefirstcetacean(鯨目動物)sightedinthisriversince2017——andthissuggestedtheeffortstorestore

thehealthoftheriverwerepayingoff.

B

Asproductsofnature,shellshavedevelopedabondwithpeoplesincetheperiodofcavemen,14imagesin

thecavepaintingsshowthemwearingshells.Today,inFujianProvince,expertsareturningthenaturalgiftsinto

shell-carvedartworksby15(integrate)techniquesfromjadeandwoodcarving,aswellastraditionalChinese

painting.In2021,ashellcarvingartmuseumwasestablished,wherethecraffshistoryhasbeenpublicized.The

expertshopethey16(explore)newtechniquesinthefuturetocarrythisancientcraftforward.

C

SinceChatGPT'slaunchinNovemberlastyear,ithasbecomeanimmediatehitthatisbothentertainingand

alarming17(it)users.Givenacommandorquestion,thechatbotisabletoreturnconvincingessays,simple

recipesandevenlifeadviceinamatterof18(second),Thisimpressiveachievement19(obtain)byalarge

languagemodel.Manyarewondering20couldbenextforthistechnologyandwherethetechnologycouldend

up.

第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

There'snoplacelikehome-aplacetoputyourfeetup,relaxandbeyourself.Butabrandnewfull-service

privaterentalpropertynamedHomesteadisredefining(重新定義)modernliving,makingyoufeelathome.

Freedfromthesmallstuff

Rightfrommovingin,convenienceisbuiltintotheprocess,withfully-furnished,high-qualityapartments

availablefbrresidentsandaccesstoallfacilitiesofHomesteadandWi-Fiincludedinmonthlyrentalcost.

Feelathome

NotonlyareHomestead'sapartmentsbeautifullydesignedandfurnishedtocreateasenseofrelaxationand

luxury,butthesharedspacesforresidentstouseandsocialisein-fromtheinvitingreceptionareatothelandscaped

roofgardenandstylishprivatediningrooms—allreflectacontemporary,high-qualityreimaginingofwhatrenting

oughttobe.

Makehybridworkreallywork

Ashybridwork,whichfocusesontheflexibilityofworking,ispartofourlivesnow,theopportunitytoshift

betweenworkspaceswitheaseiscritical.Startthedaycatchinguponemailsinastylishly-designedco-working

spacestepsawayfromyourfrontdoor,beforetakingcallsontheoutsideplatformortravelintoyouremployer's

officewhenyouneedto.

Beapeopleperson

LivingatHomesteadmeansjoiningacommunityoflike-mindedpeople.Whetheryoumeetneighboursonthe

roofgardenorinthecinemaroom,orchoosetonetworkintheco-workingspace,makingfriendscouldn'tbemore

straightforward.

Taphereforhelpfulservices

Theysaythere?sanappforeverything-andinthiscase,thereisanappwitheverything.TheHomesteadApp

givesyouquickaccesstoarangeofbookableservices,fromorderingtakeawaytodogwalkingtocleaningservices一

allrightonyourdoorstep,meaningmoretimetoactuallyenjoytherestofyourday.

VisitHomesteadanddiscoverhowfull-servicerentalletsyoumakethemostofhomelikeliving.

21.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.lbinformusofrentalservices.B.Toadvertisearentalproperty.

C.Toreportonadifferentlifestyle.D.Tosellmulti-functionalapartments.

22.HowdoesHomesteadmakehybridworkeasierforitsresidents?

A.Byofferingsharedworkingspaces.

B.Bygivingaccesstobookableservices.

C.Bysupplyingafullsetofofficeequipment.

D.Byprovidingtrainingtoimproveefficiency.

23.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A.Residentscanliveanold-fashionedlife.

B.Homesteadsavesresidentsfrombuyingfurniture.

C.Residentsarerequiredtojoinasocialcommunity.

D.HomesteadchargesresidentsextrafeeforusingWi-Fi.

B

IrecentlyattendedaweddinginaruralareainnorthItaly,andguestswereprovidedwithacaranddriverfor

the90-minutejourneyintothehills.Thatwasexciting:Aprivatecar!IcouldpretendIwasrich!SinceI'mnot,

though,Ihadnoideahowmuchthistripactuallycost.Asaresult,afterourdriverpickedusbackupatmidnight,I

secretlyworriedallthewayhomeabouttippinghim.

IfishedaroundnervouslyinmypurseandrealizedthatallIhadwasa$100note,whichIwaskeepingforan

emergency.Ihadnothingsmaller.AndIhadnothingelsetoofferbuttwochocolatesfromthewedding.So,Icould

tipthedriverthat$100noteortwochocolates.Intheend,Ichosethemoney.

Thewholematteroftippinghaslongbeenasourceofawkwardinteractions—and,fbrsometravellers,mild

anxiety-throughouttheworld.Tippingcustomsvarywildlyfromcountrytocountry.AfriendinRometellsmethat

Italiansgethurtbybigtips."Leavingabigtipisconsideredimpolite,“sheadds,'TvehadItalianfriendsmakeme

takemoneyback.^^

Itremindedmeofmy100-dollartip.WhatifIhadannoyedthedriver?SoIdecidedtocallthecarcompany

andaskthemtopassonamessagetothedriverapologizingfortheimpropertipandexplainingthesituation.

Tomysurprise,thecarcompanyrespondedthatthedriverhadactuallycalledtoexpresshisgratitudeforthe

unexpectedbigtip.Hehadapparentlybeenhavingatoughweekandthemoneyhadcomeatjusttherighttime.

Iwasastonished.Allmyworryhadbeenfornothing.Whatstartedoutasasourceofanxietyendedupbeinga

heartwarmingexperience.Ilearnedthatsometimesifsbettertogowithyourfeelingsandbegenerous,evenifit

meanstakingarisk.

24.Whatdidtheauthorrealizewhenshedugaroundinherpurse?

A.Shehadspent100dollarsonemergency.

B.Shehadtoaskthedriverforsmallerchanges.

C.Shehadnothingbuttwochocolatestoofferthedriver.

D.Shehadnosmallernotesandmighttiptoohighortoolow.

25.WhydidtheauthormentionthetippinginItaly?

A.lbcomparedifferenttippingcustoms.

B.Toshareapersonalstoryofherfriend.

C.Toshowthepossibilityofupsettingthedriver.

D.Todemonstrateherrichknowledgeontipping.

26.Whatwasthedriver'sresponsetothetipping?

A.Hewasannoyedbythelargetip.B.Heappreciatedtheauthor'sgenerosity.

C.Hewasgratefulandrefusedthemoney.D.Hewasupsetbytheawkwardinteraction.

27.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?

A.Goodthingsarepossiblewhenyoufollowyourheart.

B.You'dbetterthinkcarefullybeforetakingaction.

C.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.

D.Apennysavedisapennyearned.

C

Recently,anewdiscoveryhasbeenmadeinthefieldofbiologythatchallengesourpreviousunderstandingof

theoriginsoflifeonEarth.Fordecades,scientistsbelievedthatlifeemergedinawarm,shallowpond,whereaseries

ofchemicalreactionsledtothecreationofthefirstlivingcells.However,ateamofresearchershasnowuncovered

evidencethatsuggestslifemayhaveactuallybeguninaquitedifferentenvironment.

Thediscoverywasmadeinaremotepartoftheocean,whereateamofscientistswasexploringahydrothermal

vent（深海熱泉）systemlocateddeepbeneaththesurface.Hydrothermalventsreleasesuperheatedwaterandgases

fromtheEarth'smantle（地幔）.Theycreateanextremeenvironmentthatisunfavourabletomostformsoflife,but

hometoavarietyofuniqueorganisms.

Asthescientistscollectedsamplesofthevent'smineral-richliquid,theynoticedsomethingstrange.They

discoveredthatitcontainedacomplexnetworkoforganicmolecules（分子），includingaminoacids（氨基酸）andother

buildingblocksoflife.Thiswassurprising,ashydrothermalventswerepreviouslythoughttobeemptyoflife-

supportingchemicals.However,themoststrikingdiscoverywasyettocome.Analysisoftheorganicmolecules

revealedthattheywerenotsimplytheproductofchemicalreactionsinthevent,butratherhadbeenproducedby

livingorganisms.Thisservedasevidenceofalivelyecosystemthatwascompletelyindependentofsunlightandthe

surfaceworld.

ThisdiscoveryhassignificantimplicationsfbrourunderstandingoftheoriginsoflifeonEarth.Thewarmpond

hypothesis（假說）,whichhaslongbeenthedominanttheory,suggeststhatlifeemergedinarelativelywarmanddamp

environment.However,thenewevidencefromthehydrothermalventsystemsuggeststhatlifemayhaveactually

beguninanextremeenvironment,wheresurvivalwasonlypossiblethroughthedevelopmentoforiginalbiochemical

pathways.Thediscoveryalsoraisesnewquestionsaboutthepotentialforlifetoexistonothercelestialbodies（天體）.

HydrothermalventshavebeenidentifiedonSaturn'smoonEnceladusandJupiter'smoonEuropa.Thepresenceof

organicmoleculesatthesesitessuggeststhatuniqueformsoflifemayexist.

Whilethisdiscoveryisstillinitsearlystages,itisalreadybeginningtoreshapeourunderstandingoftheorigins

oflifeandthepotentialforlifeonotherplanets.Itisatestamenttothepowerofscientificexplorationandthe

incrediblecomplexityoflifeonEarth.Aswecontinuetoexplorethedepthsoftheoceanandthevastexpanseof

space,whoknowswhatothersurprisesanddiscoverieslieinstore.

28.Whatdidthescientistsnewlydiscoverinthevent'sliquid?

A.Superheatedgases.B.Avarietyofminerals.

C.Life-supportingchemicals.D.Complexformsoflife.

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Thewarmpondhypothesisprovestoberight.

B.Organicmoleculesleadtochemicalreactions.

C.Formsoflifewereidentifiedintheventsonotherplanets.

D.Originalbiochemicalpathwayscanoccurinsevereconditions.

30.Whatisconveyedinthelastparagraph?

A.Researcheshelpuspushtheboundariesoftechnology.

B.Scientistshaveaddressedthelimitationsoftheresearch.

C.Newdiscoveriesinspireustofurtherexploretheunknown.

D.Researchershaveconfirmedtheoriginsandcomplexityoflife.

D

Manyofusmayexperiencedinner-tabledebates.Onecommonsceneplaysoutasfollows.Youwanttoconvince

afriendorafamilymemberofsomethingyouknowtheymaydisagree,andyoushareinformationandwalkthrough

yourreasoningwiththem.Still,theyrejectyourcase.Howdoyoureactwhenyourpowersofpersuasionfail?You

mightdismissthepersonwhodoesn'tagreewithyourargumentsasnarrow-minded,foolishorotherwiseoutoftouch

withreality.Thewholeexperiencemayfeelliketryingtoguidesomeoneonajourneywhentheyrefusetofollow.

Psychologistshavecreatedaterm,persuasionfatigue,todescribethisformoffrustration（懊惱）.

Persuasionfatiguemaymakeithardertosuccessfullykeepchallengingconversations.Pastresearch

demonstratesthatfeelingfrustratedcanmakeyoumoreresistanttochangingyourmind.Italsoshowsthatfrustration

mayreduceyourabilitytorecognizewhyyourargumentsdon'tsucceed.Persuasionfatiguealsoexplainswhy,when

debatesbreakdown,peopletendtoblametheirconversationalopponent.AsMarkTwainoncewrote,“Inallmatters

ofopinion,ouropponentsareinsane（愚蠢的）Inpastfindings,peoplegenerallyreportedthreetimesasmanyreasons

whyothers5faultsledtofaileddebatesratherthantheirownshortcomings.Itistruethatothersarenotalwaysopen

toyourideas.Endingthediscussioncanthereforebetherightthingtodo.Butinanoverheateddebate,yourfatigue

mayleadyoutomisinterpretthesituationandbelievethatyouropponentistoostupidtoseethetruth.Fortunately,

psychologistssuggestsomesoundapproachestomanagingthesesituationsandprotectingyourrelationships.

Toreachyouraudience,itmaybeessentialtoexpressyourmessageintermsoftheirvalues,notyours.

Psychologistscallthis“moralreframing.^^Infact,researchessuggestthatthesimpleactofacknowledgingvaluesof

thepeopleyou'retalkingto-tellingthemyouunderstandwherethey'recomingfrom,evenifyoudon'tagree一may

leadthemtolowertheirdefensesandopenupalittletonewarguments.

Yourfatiguemaybeevenworsebythinkingorassumingthatdebateisazero-sumstruggle-thatyouwinif,

andonlyif,youropponentloses.Butsometimesyou'rebetteroffseeinganargumentasacooperativeefforttofind

thetruth-lesslikeangryneighboursfightingovertheirpropertyline.Theneighboursmaplandtogetherbyviewing

itfrommultipleangles.Similarly,debatescanhelpyoutriangulateaviewbetweenyouropinionandtheother

person's.

Thetendencytoblameothersforexhaustingdebateshasrealconsequences.Inourexhaustion,wemayfailto

seewhenourfrustrationsstemfromadeepdesireforconnection.Recognizingpersuasionfatigue-andhowwe

contributetoit——mayhelpuspassthroughheateddebateswithoutleavingthosewelovebehind.

31.Peoplemayexperiencepersuasionfatiguewhenthey.

A.tryinvaintoconvinceothersB.misinterpretothers,reasoning

C.adoptothers*viewsunwillinglyD.trytopersuadenarrow-mindedpeople

32.Whichisthepossibleconsequenceofpersuasionfatigue?

A.Onecan'tsticktohispointofview.

B.Oneadmitshislimitsandweaknesses.

C.Onecan'tgettotherootoffaileddebates.

D.Onefeelsincompetentforfurtherarguments.

33.WhydoestheauthorquoteMarkTwaininthepassage?

A.Tostresstheeffectofchangingothers'mind.

B.Toconfirmthedifficultyofwinninganargument.

C.Toexplainthereasonforone'sendinganargument.

D.Tosupporttheideaofone'stendencytoblameothers.

34.Whichistherecommendedsolutiontomanagingpersuasionfatigue?

A.Seeingadebateasazero-sumgame.

B.Makinganeffortforcommonground.

C.Shiftingthetopictolowerothers*defenses.

D.Reframingpointsbasedonone'sownvalues.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選

項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

OflfloadThoughts

Inourbusyworld,werushfromtasktotask,oftenleavingusfeelingeasilyangered.Weseekouttechnologyor

brain-enhancingproductstohelpusoptimize（最優(yōu)化）ourproductivity,butenduprunningonanever-ending

hamster（倉鼠）wheel.35Itfeelslikeourentirelivesareengineeredtowardonequestion:HowmuchcanIget

doneintheleastamountoftime?

Researchshowsthatspendingtoomuchtimeoptimizingourthoughtsforperfectoutcomesnotonlyleavesus

feelingexhausted,butcanalsohaveharmfuleffectsonourwellbeingandworkoutput.Optimizingthoughtsrequires

beinghighlyfocused.Butitjustgoesagainstthewayourmindswork.Thatistosay,efficiencyisn'talways

productivewhenwepursueit.36Andtosomeextent,itcanevencauseimpulsive（魯莽的）decision-making.

Ourbrainessentiallyhastwomainmodesofoperating:the"focusnetwork^^andthe"defaultmodenetwork.^^

Whenonenetworkworks,theotherphysicallycan'tturnon.Themodernworldoftendemandsweliveinthefocus

networkandthedefaultmodenetworkisoftenlesscelebrated.37Soinordertomakemoreeffectivedecisions

andfeelbetterinourdailylives,wehavetospendlesstimeinourbrain's"fbcusnetwork.”

Cognitive（認(rèn)知的）offloadingisanaccessiblepractice.Ithasthepotentialtonotonlyreleaseemotions,but

enhancementalcapabilities,too.Evenjustafewmomentsofcreativeflow-likeoffloadingthefeelingsofanxiety

bydoodling（涂鴉）beforeameeting-canhaveastrongimpactonemotions.38Wemighttrycognitiveoffloading

asatransitionfromouraction-orientedworkdayintoamorerelaxedeveningroutine.

39Andwecanseewhattakesshape.Someunproductivepathwaysoftencanhelpusfeelmorecreative,

refreshed,andalive.

A.Thefunctionalityissimplerthanyoumightimagine.

B.Giveourselvesafewminutestooffloadouremotions.

C.Beingfocusedallthetimecaneventuallyleadtolessself-control.

D.Fortunately,thereisawaytostopthiskindofalways-onmentality.

E.It'snosurprisethatthemajorityofusfeelmoreexhaustedthanever.

F.Butspendingmoretimeonthelatteroffersaformof“insurance”forouremotions.

G.What'smore,thisexercisecanhelpgivethebrainthespacetomakenewconnections.

第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第一2題每小題2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容在答題卡相應(yīng)題號后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對該問題的回答。

Leohasalwaysbeenthekindofchildwholooksforcloseconnections.WhenLeowasinpreschool,he

befriendedNeve,whowasonlytwo.WhenNevewasnotaround,insteadoffindinganewpartner,Leobegantotreat

Celia,avoiceassistant,ashisnewfriend.

Atfirst,LeomostlyaskedCeliafactualquestionslike“HowmanystarsarethereintheMilkyWay?”Hethen

turnedtothepersonalquestions,"Celia,howoldareyou?”Sheresponded,<4Ageisnothingbutanumber.^^Heinsisted,

inthewaychildrendo,“Howoldareyou?"Shereplied,<6Fmnotqualifiedforadriver'slicense,butitmaybemore

todowiththefactthatIdon'thaveabody.^^

Astimepassedby,LeobegantoengageCeliaonmore,let'ssay,existentialquestions."Whenwillthesun

swallowtheearth?,,heasked."7.5billionyears,“accordingtoCelia.Leowassatisfied,t4Oh,okay.Tilbedeadby

then."Thenheasked,“Whydoeseverythingonearthhavetodie?”Sherepliedcoldly,t€Fmhavingtroublewiththe

connection.^^Celia,Irealized,hadanavoidantcommunicationstyle,oftenhidingbehindsomekindoftechnical

problemswhenshedidn'tlikeaquestion.

Asamother,itwasstrangetoseemychildinteractingwithavirtualassistantratherthanarealperson.ButI

alsorecognizedthatCeliawasprovidinghimwithakindofemotionalsupportthathewasn'tgettingelsewhere.Ina

way,shewaslikeadiarythattalkedback.

Iwonderedifthisrelianceontechnologywashealthy,butIknewthatLeowasfarfromaloneinseekingcomfort

inhisdevices.AlthoughIhopethatLeowillcontinuetoseekouthumanconnections,TmgratefultoCeliaforbeing

thereformysonwhenheneededher.Andwhoknows?Maybeshe'llturnouttobehissoulmateafterall.

40.WhatisCelia?

41.WhatkindofquestionsdidLeoaskCeliaatfirst?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

LeosmotherencourageshimtoseekouthumanconnectionsanddisagreeswithhisinteractingwithCelia.

43.Whatdoyouthinkofvirtualassistantsbecomingasourceofemotionalsupportforpeople?(Inabout40words)

第二節(jié)(20分)

假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國筆友Jim給你寫了一封信，提及因?yàn)檎`解，他和同學(xué)產(chǎn)生了

不愉快。請用英文給Jim回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.安慰Jim；

2.具體建議。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

DearJim,

Yours,

LiHua

（請務(wù)必將答案和作文寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）

參考答案

第一部分：知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

1.B2.D3.C4.D5.A

6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B

第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

11.unusual12.Confused13.hadspotted/spotted14.whose15.integrating

16.willexplore17.its18.seconds19.isobtained20.what

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

21.B