山東省威海市第十五中學(xué)2022年高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末試卷含解析

山東省威海市第十五中學(xué)2022年高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.—Ihadagoodholidayatmyuncle’s.—________.A.Oh,that’sveryniceofyouB.CongratulationsC.Oh,I’mgladtohearthatD.It’sapleasure參考答案：C解析：聽(tīng)到對(duì)方玩得高興，你也為他感到高興。

2.SometimesIjustcan’tfigureout________itisthathasmadethoseextraordinaryintelligentpeoplemakesuchsillymistakes.A.what B.how C.why D.where參考答案：A【詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：有時(shí)我真的不明白究竟是什么讓那些非常聰明的人犯了如此愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。A.what什么；B.how如何；C.why為什么；D.where哪里。itisthat是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，可以去掉，去掉之后其實(shí)是謂語(yǔ)figureout之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，且意為“什么”，故用what，故選A項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞，確定賓語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞一般分為兩步：判斷從句成分是否完整；判斷句意。以本題為例：判斷從句成分是否完整：從句____itisthathasmadethoseextraordinaryintelligentpeoplemakesuchsillymistakes.缺少主語(yǔ)，故用連接代詞判斷句意：句子缺少“什么”之意，故用what引導(dǎo)故選A項(xiàng)3.—I'llcallyou______IarriveinShenzhen．

—Thanks,andgoodluck．

A．while

B．until

C．a(chǎn)s

D．once參考答案：D略4.TheBeatles,______manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.

A．what

B．that

C．how

D．a(chǎn)s

參考答案：D．解析：本題考查在實(shí)際語(yǔ)境中對(duì)于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的應(yīng)用能力。5.Heproved(證明)himselfatruegentlemanandthebeautyofhis_____wasseenatitsbestwhenheworkedwithothers.

A.temper

B.look

C.talent

D.character參考答案：D6.—Howdidshelosesomuchweightasexpected?—

eatingless,shejoggedforseveralmileseveryday.A.Inspiteof

B.Inadditionto

C.Insteadof

D.Thanksto參考答案：B7.Heisastudentof___.

A.ClassFirst

B.theClassOne

C.ClassOne

D.FirstClass參考答案：

C解析：表示編號(hào)用“名詞+基數(shù)詞”或“the+序數(shù)詞+名詞”。8.IgavesomemoneytoJohn，_____housewasdestroyedintheflood．（）A．which B．what C．who D．whose參考答案：D我給了一些錢(qián)給John，他的房子在洪水中被毀壞了．句中housewasdestroyedintheflood修飾John，是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；從句中house和先行詞John構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，意思是他的房子，要用whose來(lái)引導(dǎo)．故選D．9.Whatisthebestwayyoucanimagine

theoveruseofwaterinourschool?

A.reducing

B.toreduce

C.reduced

D.reduce參考答案：B略10.We’dbettertakeumbrellas—I’msureit_____whenwearriveinLondon;it’salwayswetthereatthistimeofyear.

A.willrain

B.israining

C.willberaining

D.wouldrain

參考答案：C考查動(dòng)詞的失態(tài)。when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，一般現(xiàn)在是表示的是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C11.I’mcontinuallylosingmypensthesedays.I______themonmydesk,buttheydisappearsomehow.A.leave B.amleaving C.wasleaving D.wouldleave參考答案：A句意：這些天來(lái)我不停地丟鋼筆。我放在我的課桌上，但是不知道怎么回事它們就不見(jiàn)了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境說(shuō)明的目前的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選A。12.Itwasinthatsmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather________hespenthischildhood.A.that;where

B.which;thatC.which;which

D.that;which參考答案：B【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。第一空是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是thesmallhouse，which指代先行詞在句中做主語(yǔ)；第二空的that與itwas構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，對(duì)中間的inthehousewhichwasbuiltwithstones進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+其它成分；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的最大特點(diǎn)是把itis/was…that/who…去掉，句子仍然成立。句意：就是他父親又石頭建成的小房子里他度過(guò)了他的童年。故B選項(xiàng)正確。【點(diǎn)睛】在考試中，經(jīng)常要把強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語(yǔ)從句融合在一起考查。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+其它成分；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的最大特點(diǎn)是把itis/was…that/who…去掉，句子仍然成立。強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的比較：1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的It沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，Itbe與that可同時(shí)被省略;而定語(yǔ)從句中的It是主語(yǔ)，Itbe與that不可同時(shí)省略；2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中be的時(shí)態(tài)須跟后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)相一致；而定語(yǔ)從句中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be的時(shí)態(tài)須由主句的時(shí)間確定；3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型句子中的that不能省略，并且即使前面的名詞是事物時(shí)，也不能將that換成which；而定語(yǔ)從句中的that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可被省略，并且當(dāng)先行詞是事物時(shí)可用which代替；4.當(dāng)itbe后面的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)名詞做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可用that/which；而作其他成分時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞須用when/which。定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語(yǔ)修飾主句的某個(gè)成分，定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。13.Beingexaminedtwiceayearistherulethateverydriver_____obeyinthiscity. A.shall

B.can

C.oughtto

D.need參考答案：A14.HowmanytestswillAmericanshavetopass_______________theygettheirdrivinglicenses?A．until

B．if

C．a(chǎn)s

D．before參考答案：D15.Thedisc，digitally______inthestudio，soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A．recording

B．recorded

C．toberecorded

D．havingrecorded參考答案：23．B考察過(guò)去分詞做非限制性定語(yǔ)，record與句子主語(yǔ)Thedisc之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

略16.Theyeatonlyplantfoods,andtakecareto________animalproductsfromotherareasoftheirlives．A．contain

B．maintainC．exclude

D．Include參考答案：C試題解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A．包含，容納；B．保持，維持；C．排除，不包括；D．包括。句意：他們只吃素食，很排斥來(lái)自他們生活其他區(qū)域的肉類(lèi)食品。故選C.二、新的題型17.Itisgenerallybeliedthatobesityisaglobalepidemicandcrisis.Butpeople’sviewonweightiskeepingusfromdoingthingstohelpusget

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healthybody.Obesityresearchershate62whenIsaythis,buttheirowndatashowsthatobesityisnotgoingtokillus.Mostobesepeopledon’thave

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(short)lifespan(壽命)thannon=obesepeopleandinfactit’stheunderweightpeople

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areatmostatrisk.Sowhydoeseverybodythinkobesityisdeadly?Onereasonisthatobesityisassociatedwiththreedifferentthingsthat

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(be)deadlyandleadtoshorterlifespan;beingsedentary(久坐)；

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（have）lowerincome;andnotgettingenoughmedicalcare.Everyone,themedia,themedicalcommunityoperatefromthefirm

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(assume)thatobesityisdeadly.Soanyevidencescontradictingthatareignored,Itistruetatobesepeoplearemorelikely

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(get)diabetesandcardiovasculardisease.Buttherearetwothingsyouneedtorealize.Firstofall,theobesityparadox.Whenobesepeoplegetthe

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(disease),they’relesslikelytodieofthemthannon-obesepeople.Second,toreducetherisksthatyoumaysufferfrom,youdon’t

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(actual)havetogetthin.Youjustneedtoexercise.參考答案：61a

62.it

63.shorter

64.who/that

65.are

66having

67.assumption68.toget

69.diseases

70.actually三、閱讀理解18.Scientistshavefoundlivingorganismstrappedincrystals(晶體)thatcouldbe50,000yearsold.Theorganismswerefoundinahot,butbeautifulcavesysteminNaica,Mexico.Theseancientlifeformscanbeseenonlywithamicroscope.PenelopeBoston,wholeadstheAstrobiologyInstituteatNASA,thespaceagencyoftheUnitedStates,saystheancientmicrobeswereabletolivebyeatingmineralssuchasiron.ShespokeaboutthediscoveryrecentlyatameetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.Ifthefindingsareconfirmed,theywillshowhowmicrobescansurviveinextremeconditions.Fortydifferentkindsofmicrobesandsomeviruseswerefoundintheundergroundarea.Thegeneticstructuresoftheseorganismsare10percentdifferentfromthoseoftheirnearests.ThecavesinNaicaare800kilometersdeep.Theywereonceusedformininglead.Beforetheminersbeganworkinginthecaves,theareawasseparatedfromthesurfaceandtheoutsideworld.SomeofthecavesareasbigasthelargereligiouscentersbuiltduringEurope’sMiddleAges.Therearecrystalscoveringthewalls.Thecavesaresohotthatscientistsmustwearspecialclothingtokeepcool.Theclothingkeepsthecrystalssafefromhumangerms(病菌)orotherdamage.Bostonsaidtheresearcherscouldonlyworkforabout20minutesatatimebeforetheyhadtogotoaroomthatwas38degreesCelsiustocooldown.NASAofficialswouldnotletBostonshareherfindingswithscientificexpertsbeforelastweek’sannouncement.Soscientistscouldnotsaymuchaboutthefindings.ButNorineNoonan,abiologistwiththeUniversityofSouthFlorida,saidshebelievedthem.“Whyarewesurprised?”Noonanasked.“Asabiologist,Iwouldsaylifeonearthisextremelytoughandextremelycolor1ful.”Bostonisalsostudyingmicrobescommonlyfoundinsidecavesinothercountries,suchasUkraineandtheUnitedStates.Thesemicrobesappeartobeimpossibletokill.Bostonsaidtheyshowhowdifficultlifeonearthcanbe.12.Theexistenceoftheancientmicrobesrelieson

.A.surroundinginsects

B.eatingmineralsC.diverseplants

D.absorbingair13.WhatcanweinferaboutthecavesinNaicafromthepassage?A.ThewallswerebuiltduringMiddleAges.B.Thetemperatureinthecavesisquitelow.C.Theenvironmentinthecavesisdifficulttoadaptto.D.Thecaveshavebeenexploredsincetheywereformed.14.WhatisthebiologistNorineNoonan’sattitudetowardsthefindings?A.Neutral.

B.Doubtful.C.Positive.

D.Indifferent.15.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Livingorganismsbringhopetoscientificresearch.B.Cavesprovidelivingenvironmentforlivingorganisms.C.Microbesshowgreatpowertosurviveinterribleconditions.D.Scientistsdiscover50,000-year-old“superlife”inMexico.參考答案：12.B

13.C

14.C

15.D本文介紹，科學(xué)家在墨西哥發(fā)現(xiàn)了5萬(wàn)年前的“超級(jí)生命”。生物學(xué)家Noonan對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)物的態(tài)度是積極肯定的。12.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句thespaceagencyoftheUnitedStates,saystheancientmicrobeswe