第10講圖表作文概況及寫法

圖表作文張靜—圖表作文概況1.1

Task1

圖表作文數(shù)據(jù)類—graph/

chart-柱狀圖bar

chart-曲線圖line

graph-餅狀圖pie

chart-表格table圖形類—diagram-流程圖flow

chart-地圖map1.2

好的圖表作文特征ObjectivityAccuracyThoroughness二決定成敗的準備工作2.1

仔細審題單位標題圖例數(shù)字落點2.2

合理劃分主體段一圖多圖線、條、餅巨多的題目2.3

熟悉各段的基本框架段落句數(shù)作用開頭段寫1~2句改寫原題主體段1寫1+X句總體概括+具體介紹數(shù)字…主體段N結(jié)尾段寫1~2句total+結(jié)論三開頭段的寫法小作文開頭段的寫法只有一句話：改寫題目增加單詞刪除單詞替換單詞把所概括的名詞所指代的具體對象寫出來替換單詞chart/

graph/

bar

chart/

pie

chart/

linegraph/

table/diagram/

flow

chart/

mapis

about/

show/

indicate/

illustrate/

giveinformation

aboutproportion/

percentagecategories/

kinds/

typesinformation/

datathe

UK/

Britain/

the

United

Kingdom四主體段的寫法4.1數(shù)據(jù)類小作文的整體思路Select

the

main

features

挑選數(shù)據(jù)Make

contrast

where

relevant做比較◆如何挑選數(shù)據(jù)含有時間變化的：趨勢變化多個描述對象的：多者比較◆如何做比較單一描述對象的動態(tài)變化多個描述對象的靜態(tài)對比切記?。?！所有數(shù)據(jù)類小作文寫法都只有兩種趨勢變化（單一動態(tài)）+多者比較（多者靜態(tài)）=60%純粹的多者比較（多者靜態(tài)）=40%趨勢變化（單一動態(tài)采分點）增長﹑下降very

important峰值﹑谷值important波動﹑穩(wěn)定not

important趨勢變化（單一動態(tài)）小作文詞匯句型增長動詞過去式名詞increaseincreasedincreasegrowgrewgrowthriseroserise下降動詞過去式名詞decreasedecreaseddecreasefallfellfalldropdroppeddrop大幅度地，劇烈地，快速地形容詞副詞sharpsharplydramaticdramaticallyconsiderableconsiderablysignificantsignificantly小幅地，逐步地穩(wěn)定地，形容詞副詞gradualgraduallyslightslightlysmoothsmoothlymoderatelymoderately趨勢變化（單一動態(tài)）小作文詞匯句型從1905年到1945年日本死亡率增長很快。句型：描述對象（含地點）+趨勢動詞+程度副詞+時間錯誤句子The

death

rate

of

Japan

increases

sharplyduring

1905

to

1945.increasedfrom…to…between…and…The

death

rate

of

Japan

isincreased

sharply

in

1905-1945.正確句子從1905年到1945年日本死亡率增長很快。The

death

rate

of

Japan

increased

sharply

from1905

to

1945.從1945年到1995年日本出生率緩慢下降。There

was

a

slight

decrease

in

the

birth

rate

ofJapan

over

the

period

1945

to

1995.Japan

saw

a

moderate

fall

in

the

birth

rate

forthe

years

1945

to

1995.從2003年到2013年，青少年的吸煙率快速增長1945年日本出生率急劇下降到2%。The

birth

rate

of

Japan

dropped

sharply

to2%

in1945.There

was

a

dramatic

decrease

to

2%inthe

birth

rate

of

Japan

in

1945.Japan

saw

a

significant

fall

to

2%

in

thebirth

rate

in

1945.從1905年到1945年，日本死亡率從13%增長到99%。The

death

rate

of

Japan

increased

by

86%,from

…in…to

…in

….There

was

a

rise

of

86%

in

the

deathrateof

Japan,

from

…in…to

…in

….Japan

saw

a

growth

of

86%

in

the

deathrate

from

…in…to

…in….從1945年到1995年，日本出生率從12%下降到3%。The

death

rate

of

Japan

decreasedfourfold

from

…in…to

…in

….There

was

a

fourfold

drop

in

the

deathrateof

Japan,

from

…in…to

…in

….Japan

saw

a

fourfold

fall

in

the

deathratefrom

…in…to

…in

….峰值…reach

a

maximum

(of)

……peak

at…谷值…reach

a

minimum

(of)

…舉例：The

birth

rate

of

China

reached

amaximum

of

19%in

1975.■波動fluctuate/

fluctuationSlightly/

considerably舉例：The

birth

rate

of

China

fluctuatedconsiderably

over

the

period

1975

to

2005.保持穩(wěn)定remain

stable

at/

stay

unchanged

at舉例：The

birth

rate

of

China

stayed

relativelyunchanged

at

30%

for

the

years

1975

to

1995.替代需反復出現(xiàn)的同樣一個描述對象it/

this/

this

number/

this

figure連接每一個動詞變化的連接詞after

this/

then/

next/and/after+時間/before/until/this

is

(was)followed

by時間的替換表達over

the

next…yearsduring

the

following…monthsa

decade

later/

earlier趨勢變化小作文舉例-犯罪率It

is

worth

noting

that

the

conviction

ratesfor

both

males

and

females

reach

apeakintheirearlytwenties.(共性)The

male

conviction

rate

increases

by

9%,from

1%

at

the

age

of10

to

10%

at

the

ageof

20.

A

much

smoother

rise

is

found

inthis

figure

for

females

during

the

sameperiod.These

numbers

for

both

males

andfemales

experience

a

gradual

decreaseafter

they

are

twenty

yearsold.趨勢變化小作文舉例-休閑活動三種寫法There

was

a

dramatic

rise

of

5%

in

thefigure

for

talking

with

friends,

from

21%

in1985

to

26%

in

1995.The

percentage

of

Europeans

who

liked

totalk

with

friends

stood

at

26%

in

1985.However,

this

number

dropped

sharply

to21%

a

decade

later.Talking

with

friends

was

more

popular

in1995,

at

26

percent

compared

to21percent

10

years

before.趨勢變化小作文溫馨提示趨勢變化小作文不僅有曲線圖。所有含有時間的線，餅，柱，表格都有趨勢類寫法趨勢變化只有可能是一篇作文的一部分多者比較小作文采分點多者之間最大最小值相似相異值兩者之間單純對比程度對比差值對比整倍數(shù)多者比較（多者靜態(tài)）小作文詞匯句型最大值The

largest/

the

highest/

themostthe

largest

number

of/

the

largest

amount

ofthe

most

popular/

prevalent/

widely

enjoyedstay

in

top

position

in

terms

of第二大值…be

the

second

+adj.最高級…take

the

second

place

in

termsof…The

next

one

is/

was…最小值the

smallest/

the

lowest/

the

leastthe

smallest

amount

of/

the

fewestthe

smallest

number

ofthe

least

popular/

prevalent/

widely

enjoyed中間值This

is/

was

followed

by……maintain(ed)

the

middle

position最大最小值用法舉例最大：Yao

is

the

tallest.=Yao

stays

in

thetop

position

in

terms

of

height.二大：Zhang

is

the

second

tallest.=Thenext

one

is

Zhang.=Zhang

takes

thesecond

place

in

terms

of

height中間：Guo,

Li

and

Liu

maintain

the

middleposition=This

is

followed

by

Guo,

Li

andLiu.最小：Pan

is

the

shortest.=Pan

ranksthelast.相似相異值——用來寫結(jié)尾There

are/

were

striking/

surprising/obvious

similarities

(differences)in…among…舉例:

There are

striking

differences

in

thestandards

of

beauty

among

people

all

overtheworld.兩者比較單純對比larger/

smaller, higher/

lowermore/

less-fewer,

more

popular/

less

popularlonger/

shorter,

older/

newer-younger

than程度對比一點點：slightly/marginally+比較級…多了：much/far/considerably+比較級差值對比馬伊琍比文章大8歲。Ma

is

8

years

older

than

wen.姚明比潘長江高兩米。Yao

is

2

meters

taller

than

Pan.整倍數(shù)-句型句型1…be+倍數(shù)詞+as+adj.(large/much/many/high)+as+(thatof)句型2…be+倍數(shù)詞+比較級（larger/

more/higher)+than+(that

of)整倍數(shù)舉例咱班女生數(shù)量是男生的4倍。The

number

of

girls

is

four

times

as

largeas

that

ofboys.The

number

of

girls

is

three

times

largerthan

that

of

boys.日本女護士的工資是男護士的10倍。The

salary

of

a

female

nurse

in

Japan

isten

times

as

high

as

that

of

a

male

nurse.The

salary

of

a

female

nurse

in

Japan

isnine

times

higher

than

that

of

a

malenurse.句型3…動詞+倍數(shù)+as+adj.(many/much)+（名詞）+as+(thatof)舉例：Frank

每天吃的東西是八戒的10倍Frank

eats

10

times

as

much

food

as

that

ofSuper

Pig

everyday.多者比較小作文舉例-表格the

table

below

is

about

the

undergroundrailway

systemkilometersof

routedateopenedpassengersper

year(thousand)London199718781900Paris150319002400Tokyo112219173996Washington4001945300Los

Angles151967400Miyazaki111978122審題：看是否有時間變化分段：多數(shù)服從少數(shù)段內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)挑選：最大最小值第二段層次結(jié)構1總體概括：建的越早，就越長2最大值：London最早1878，最長1997km3二大值：Paris二老1900，二長1503km

4中間值：Tokyo,Washington,Los

Angles5最小值：最新1978，最短11km第二段范文第1句—總體概括The

earlier

a

subway

was

built,

the

longeritisOlder

subways

are

longer.The

length

of

a

subway

increases

withitsage.第二段范文第2句—最大值London5.5分簡單版：London

subway

is

theoldest.It

was

built

in

1878.It

is

also

thelongest,at/with

1997

kilometers.8分給力版：London

subway

stays

in

topposition

in

terms

of

age

and

length,whichhas

a

history

of

133

years

and

isabout180

times

longer

than

Miyazaki

subway.第二段范文第3句—二大值ParisThe

next

one

is

Paris

subway,

which

wasconstructed

in

1900

and

is

494

kilometersshorter

than

London

subway.第二段范文第4句—中間值This

is

followed

by

Tokyo,

Washington

andLos

Angles.Tokyo,

Washington

and

Los

Anglesmaintain

the

middle

position.第二段范文第5句—最小值M

subway

ranks

the

last,

which

wasopened

a

century

later

than

Londonsubway

and

has

a

route

of

merely

11kilometers.第三段范文第1句—最大值TokyoTokyo

subway

owns

the

largest

carryingcapacity,

which

holds

about

32

times

as

many

passengers

as

that

of

M

subway

passengers

per

years.第三段范文第2句—二大值ParisParis

subway

takes

the

second

place,

at2400,000

each

year.第三段范文第3句—中間值London

,

Washington

and

Los

Anglesmaintain

the

middle

position.第三段范文第4句—最小值In

contrast,

M

subway

transports

thesmallest

number

of

passengers,

at122,000

annually.第四段范文—結(jié)尾In

conclusion,

there

are

strikingdifferences

in

age,

length

and

carryingcapacity

among

the

subway

system

in

6cities.多者比較小作文舉例—柱狀圖（C4T3)開頭段：改寫題目The

bar

chart

indicates

post-schoolqualifications

of

various

levels

by

g