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UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATIONSectionCDiscoveringUsefulStructures

題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法核心詞匯教材原句p.42Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.首先,你必須足夠聰明以得到一個相關(guān)的大學(xué)文憑。1firstofall首先,第一(用來列舉事物或突出重要性)Firstofall,youshouldknowwhatprofessionsuitsyou.首先,你該知道什么職業(yè)適合你。【歸納拓展】comefirst首先;名列第一;首先要考慮的firstandforemost首先;首要的是firstandlast從各方面看;完全地fromthe(very)first從一開始fromfirsttolast從頭至尾;自始至終atfirst起初;起先

單句語法填空(1)First

all,youshouldimproveyourspokenEnglish.(2)First

last,itisimportanttoknowoneself.完成句子(3)

(首要的是),youmusttellmethetruth.(4)She

(名列第一)inthefinalexaminationforthecourse.(5)Myparentsdidn’tunderstandwhatImeant

(起初).After

knowingit,theybothsupportedme.ofandFirstofallcamefirstatfirst教材原句p.42Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoastorecycleitforlateruse.

在太空中,宇航員收集所有的污水,以便回收它供以后使用。2soasto(dosth.)為了,以便(表示目的)Thetestquestionsarekeptsecretsoastopreventcheating.考試題目保密以防作弊?!緦W(xué)法點撥】動詞不定式的一個主要作用是在句中作目的狀語。inorderto或soasto則使目的更加明確。(1)soasto一般不放在句首,否定形式是soasnotto。(2)inorderto可以放在句首或句中,否定形式是inordernotto。Inordertoattractherattention,heshoutedloudlyonpurpose.Unexpectedly,shedeliberatelyignoredhim.為了引起她的注意,他故意大聲喊叫。出乎意料的是,她有意不理他?!練w納拓展】sothat,inorderthat意為“為了,目的是”,引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。Theteacherexplaineditagainsothatwecouldunderstandthepassage.為了使我們明白那段文章,老師又把它講了一遍。完成句子(1)

(為了找到)themissingchild,thevillagershavebeendoingalltheycanoverthepastfivehours.(2)Heworkedextrahours

(為了完成)thetask

aheadoftime.(3)

(為了不被打擾),hespentthreehourslockedinhisstudy.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(4)Robertgotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.

→Robertgotupearlythismorning

thefirstbus.Inordertofindinordertofinish/soastofinishInordernottobedisturbedinordertocatch/soastocatch3recyclev.回收利用;再利用recycle

thewastematerial回收廢物

recycle

thepaper/glass回收紙/玻璃recycle

thegarbage循環(huán)利用垃圾

recycled

materials回收的材料Theecologicalsystemcanrecyclebyitself.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)本身就可以循環(huán)?!驹~語積累】(1)recyclingn.回收利用(2)re-可以作動詞前綴,表示“又,再,重新”。cyclen.循環(huán);周期→recyclev.回收利用;再利用placev.放;置→replacev.取代;把……放回原處movev.移動→removev.移開;挪走use

v.使用→reusev.再利用buildv.建;建造→rebuildv.重建單句語法填空(1)Theglassfrombottlescan

(recycle).(2)(recycle)ofrubbishcostsmoneyandrequiresspecialequipment.(3)Thecoachdecidedto

(place)theplayerNo.8withNo.3.完成句子(4)Weshouldtryto

(回收利用所有的廢紙).berecycledRecyclingreplacerecycleallthewastepaper教材原句p.42Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackof

gravity...由于缺乏重力,宇航員們的骨頭和肌肉在太空會變得很虛弱……4lackn.&vt.(1)n.缺乏;短缺 thelackof...缺乏……搭配

alackof缺少 for/becauseof/throughlackof因為缺乏……Thelackofagoodeducationmaypreventyoufromseekingagoodjob.缺乏良好的教育可能使你找不到好工作。Stressandtirednessoftenresultinalackofconcentration.緊張和疲勞常使人精神不集中。Shecan’tgotothepartyforlackofaproperdress.因為沒有合適的連衣裙,她不能去參加聚會。(2)vt.

沒有;缺乏Weneverlackfoodandclothingifwe’rewillingtowork.我們?nèi)绻敢夤ぷ?,就決不會缺吃少穿?!菊`區(qū)警示】(1)lack作動詞時,是及物動詞,其后直接接賓語;lack作名詞時,其后接介詞of。(2)lacking是形容詞,表示“沒有,缺乏,不足”,構(gòu)成搭配:belackingin...缺乏……Noneofhisplansevercomesthroughbecauseheislackingindetermination.他的計劃一個都沒成功,因為他沒有決心。單句語法填空(1)Theheadmastersaidthat

lackofmoneywasagreatchallenge.(2)Thiseveningnewspaperis

(lack)inanalyticalarticles.(3)Myfatherlooksquitetired

lackofsleep.(4)Adietlacking

nutritionalvaluewillnotkeepapersonhealthy.完成句子(5)Wearepoor,butwe

(志不窮).(6)Healthproblemsarecloselyconnectedwithbadeatinghabitsand________________

(缺乏鍛煉).(7)AlthoughPeter

(缺乏經(jīng)驗),themanageraskedhim

totakechargeoftheproject.

alackingfor/throughinarenotlackinginspiritalackofexerciselackedexperience教材原句p.42...everythingwouldoatootherwise.……否則所有東西都會飄走。5otherwiseadv.否則;要不然;用別的方法;在其他方面;除此之外搭配:orotherwise或其他情況,或相反Seizethechance;otherwiseyou’llregretit.抓住這個機會,否則你會后悔的。Thesoupwascold,butitwasanotherwiseexcellentmeal.除了湯是涼的以外,那頓飯菜是很好的。We’llgotheresomehow,byboatorotherwise.我們總要設(shè)法去那里,乘船也好,用其他辦法也好?!緦W(xué)法點撥】(1)otherwise通常用于“祈使句+otherwise+陳述句”句型,意為“否則”,相當(dāng)于or。Studyhardnextterm,otherwiseyouwillfallbehindothers.下學(xué)期努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你會落后于其他人。(2)otherwise作句子副詞時,還常用于引起含蓄型虛擬語氣句,表示如果某事沒有發(fā)生,就會發(fā)生另一件事,該句謂語部分多用“would/couldhavedone”。Bobhelpedme.Otherwise,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthetaskontime.鮑勃幫助了我。否則我不可能按時完成任務(wù)。寫出下列句中otherwise的含義(1)Thanksforyourdirectionstothehouse;wewouldn’thavefounditotherwise.____________

(2)Heisrich,butotherwiseanunhappyman.____________單句語法填空(3)Warmupwithsomeexercisebeforeyouswim.

,youmighthurtyourself.(4)Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage.Otherwisewe

(visit)more

touristdestinationsyesterday.完成句子(5)Sheisnotveryclever,but

(在其他方面她是個好姑娘).否則在其他方面Otherwisewould/couldhavevisitedotherwiseshe’sanicegirl教材原句p.42Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.在太空行走中,宇航員不得不慢慢地移動以便他們能控制自己的身體。6undercontrol在……的控制下[反義短語:beyondcontrol失去控制]Hewasinadilemmaandfoundithardtogetthisundercontrol.他進退兩難,發(fā)現(xiàn)很難控制住局面。【學(xué)法點撥】incontrolof掌管;控制 in/underthecontrolof在……的控制下take/gain/getcontrolof控制 losecontrolof失去對……的控制get/bringsth.undercontrol控制某事/某物【歸納拓展】“under+抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表被動意義:underdiscussion在討論中 underguarantee在保質(zhì)期內(nèi) underconstruction在建設(shè)中underrepair在修理中 underconsideration在考慮中 underexamination在檢查中underattack遭受攻擊單句語法填空(1)Youmustgetyourspending

control.(2)Thisisadisaster

humancontrol.(3)Theywere

completecontrolofthesituation.完成句子(4)Eventhoughthefireis

(得到了控制),itisstillburning.(5)Youshouldlearnto

(控制)yourtemper.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(6)Atthismoment,theproblemisbeingdiscussed.→Atthismoment,theproblemis

.underbeyondinundercontroltakecontrolof

underdiscussion教材原句p.42Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystem...將人類送往其他行星甚至太陽系之外……7beyondprep.在更遠處;超出Thehouseisbeyondthebridge.房子在橋那邊。Thesighttherewasbeautifulbeyonddescription.那兒的風(fēng)景美得無法形容。【歸納拓展】beyondcontrol失去控制 beyondthereachof鞭長莫及beyondrepair無法修理 beyonddoubt無疑地;確實beyondbelief難以置信 beyondrecognition認不出來beyonddescription難以描述 beyondmeasure難以衡量beyondsb.對某人來說難以理解;對某人來說很難處理beyondone’spower超出某人的權(quán)力完成句子(1)Yourshoesarewornoutandtheyare

(無法修理).(2)MartinlivesinNewYork,

(不在……的控制范圍內(nèi))

hisparents.(3)LangPingis

(無疑)anexcellentcoachinvolleyball.(4)Ifindhisbehaviour

(難以置信).(5)Thebeautyofthesunriseis

(難以描述).

beyondrepairbeyondthereachofbeyonddoubtbeyondbeliefbeyonddescription教材原句p.42Forexample,usingcurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyearstogettotheclosestplanet...例如,使用目前的技術(shù),需要兩年多的時間才能到達最近的行星……8currentadj.&n.(1)adj.當(dāng)前的;現(xiàn)在的;通用的;流通的thecurrenttechnology目前的技術(shù) thecurrentsituation當(dāng)前的形勢current

events當(dāng)前事件

current

affairs時事current

money流通貨幣Thisnoteisnolongercurrent.這種紙幣已不再流通。(2)n.水流;電流;思潮Hewassweptawaybythecurrent.他被激流卷走了。electriccurrent

電流Thereisagrowingcurrentofsupportforenvironmentalissuesamongvoters.越來越多的選民支持環(huán)境問題?!驹~語積累】currentlyadv.當(dāng)前;現(xiàn)時currencyn.通貨;貨幣;通用,流行寫出下列句中current的詞性及含義(1)Thecurrentsituationintheworldisalittletense.

_____________

(2)Longagotherewasacurrentbeliefthattheearthwasflat._____________

(3)Strongcurrentsandwindsswepttheirboatouttosea.

_____________

單句語法填空(4)ZhuTing,oneofthemostexcellentplayersinChina,

(current)playsfor

TianjinBohaiBank.(5)TheBritishteachersinthecountrywerepaidinlocal

(current).翻譯句子(6)你能談?wù)勆衬默F(xiàn)狀嗎?

__________________________________________________________

adj.目前的;現(xiàn)在的adj.通用的n.水流currentlycurrencyCanyousayanythingaboutthecurrentconditionsinthedesert?教材原句p.42Willscientistsfigureoutawaytostoresufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?科學(xué)家們會想出一種方法來為長途旅行儲存足夠的食物和水嗎?9figureout弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白;計算(數(shù)量或成本)Ican’tfigureoutwhyheisabsent.我弄不明白他為什么缺席。IhavefiguredouthowmuchduringtheweekIspent.我算出了這個星期花了多少錢?!練w納拓展】figurein把……列入計算figurethat...認為……【學(xué)法點撥】figureout后面可接名詞、代詞作賓語,也可接“疑問詞+動詞不定式”或賓語從句。【歸納拓展】“v.+out”短語歸納:breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)難等)爆發(fā);發(fā)生 bringout使顯出;出版;生產(chǎn)giveout分發(fā);用完;耗盡;發(fā)出(熱、光等) comeout出現(xiàn);出版;結(jié)果是makeout勉強看見、聽出;理解;弄清楚 lookout/watchout當(dāng)心;留神turnout制造;生產(chǎn);最后是;結(jié)果是workout算出;想出;制訂出;鍛煉;解決;產(chǎn)生結(jié)果;被證明有效寫出下列句中figureout的含義(1)Pleasehelpmetofigureoutmyincometax.

_______________

(2)Ican’tfigureoutwhyhegaveupthewellpaidjob.

_______________

單句語法填空(3)Iforgottofigure

ourtravelexpensesintheaccount.(4)Icouldn’tfigure

whatmadeourbosssoangryatthemeeting.用含out的動詞短語填空(5)WhentheSecondWorldWar

,mygrandfatherwasatuniversity.(6)WhenweclimbedtothetopofMountTai,mylegs

.(7)Itwassofoggythatthedrivercouldhardly

thewayahead.計算出弄明白;弄清楚inoutbrokeoutgaveoutmakeout10sufficientadj.足夠的;充足的搭配besufficientfor對……來說是足夠的besufficienttodosth.足夠做某事sufficient

water/materials/time充足的水/材料/時間sufficient

resources/information充足的資源/信息ThemoneyIhavesavedissufficient

forbuyingacar.我所存的錢足以買一輛小汽車。Therainwasnotsufficient

to

doanyharm.雨量不足以造成任何傷害?!驹~語積累】sufficiencyn.足夠;充分sufficientlyadv.足夠地;充分地單句語法填空(1)Thewaterinthispondisnotsufficient

wateringthewheat.(2)Thefollowingdayshefelt

(sufficient)welltogotowork.完成句子(3)IfIhave

(足夠的時間),Iwillpayavisittothe

ForbiddenCity.forsufficientlysufficienttime重點句式教材原句p.42...itwouldtakeovertwoyearstogettotheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.……需要兩年多的時間才能到達最近的行星——火星,然后再回來?!揪涫椒治觥烤湫虸ttakessb.sometimetodosth.表示“花費某人一些時間做某事”。句中的it是形式主語,真正的主語是后面的不定式短語。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花費某人一些時間做某事。Ittakeskidssometimetodevelopgoodhabits.孩子們養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣需要一些時間?!練w納拓展】人+spend+金錢/時間+onsth./doingsth.人+pay+金錢+for+物事/物+cost+人+金錢EverydayIspendhalfanhouronlinetalkingwithmypenfriend

aboutmylife.我每天花半個小時在網(wǎng)上和我的筆友聊我的生活。Shepaid5,000yuan

fortheportablecomputer.她花了5000元買了這臺手提電腦。Thealarmclockcostmefivedollars.這個鬧鐘花了我5美元。單句語法填空(1)Itwilltakenearly20years

(bring)thefish’spopulationbacktostronglevels.(2)JaneGoodallspentmorethanfiftyyears

(study)thechimps.(3)

tooktheworkerslessthannineyearstocompletetheworld’slongestbridge.(4)Howmuchdidyoupay

thetickets?句型轉(zhuǎn)換(5)Thecleverboyspentonlyfiveminutesworkingoutthedifficultquestion.

thecleverboyonlyfiveminutes

thedifficultquestion.tobringstudyingItforIttook

toworkout單元語法

不定式作狀語和定語1不定式作目的狀語不定式作目的狀語,既可位于句首,也可位于句末。Theycameheretoseekanewlife.

他們來這里尋求一種新生活。Tosurvive,theyweredriventoextremes.為了生存,他們走極端了。【詞語辨析】inorderto與soastoinorderto引出的不定式可置于句首或句末。soasto引出的不定式只能置于句末而不能置于句首。JohnwenttoCaliforniainordertomakeafortune.=Inordertomakeafortune,JohnwenttoCalifornia.=JohnwenttoCaliforniasoastomakeafortune.約翰為了發(fā)財去了加利福尼亞州單句語法填空(1)

(find)outmoreinformationaboutthecourse,

pleasevisitthewebsite.(2)Wewilldowhateverwecan

(help)thesurvivorsof

theearthquake.(3)

(reduce)airpollution,thelocalgovernmenthas

takenstrictmeasures.TofindtohelpToreduce2不定式作結(jié)果狀語(1)不定式作結(jié)果狀語時,常用于一些固定搭配中:so...astodosth.;such...astodosth.;...enoughtodosth.;too...todosth.?!狢ouldyoubesokindastoclosethewindow?勞駕你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎?—Withpleasure.愿意效勞。I’msuchafoolastothinkthatsheisawarm-heartedwoman.我真傻,竟以為她是個熱心腸的女人。Itwastoolatetocatchabusaftertheparty;thereforewecalledataxi.聚會結(jié)束后乘公共汽車太晚了,所以我們叫了一輛出租車?!緦W(xué)法點撥】當(dāng)too后跟表示情感的形容詞,如ready,pleased,happy等時,too...to這一結(jié)構(gòu)不表示否定意義,而表示“太……”。too前還可用only。Theyarealltoosatisfiedtogoanddothiswork.他們都很滿意去做這項工作。(2)不定式作結(jié)果狀語時,常與only,never連用,表示一種出乎意料的結(jié)果。YesterdayIwenttoseehim,onlytolearnthathehadgoneabroadtwodaysbefore.

昨天我去看他,結(jié)果得知他兩天前出國了。單句語法填空(1)Theyhurriedtothestation,only

(find)thatthetrainhadleft.(2)Theanimalsbeforetheearthquakeweretoonervous

(eat).(3)Wefoundthestadiumbigenough

(hold)somanypeople.(4)Henrywassocarelessas

(make)somespellingmistakes.翻譯句子(5)他很樂意幫助無家可歸的人。__________________________________(6)勞駕你幫我把門關(guān)上好嗎?

_____________________________________________(7)Wecametothelibraryafterschool,______________________________________(卻被

告知圖書館正在裝修).

tofindtoeattoholdtomakeHeistooreadytohelpthehomeless.Wouldyoubesokindastoclosethedoorforme?onlytobetoldthatitwasbeingdecorated3不定式作原因狀語不定式作原因狀語主要用在形容詞或過去分詞后面,表示產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。有這樣用法的形容詞有willing,unwilling,eager,anxious,proud,happy,lucky,fortunate,angry,content,sorry,ready,glad,clever,quick,slow,foolish,considerate,ashamed,surprised,frightened,shocked,delighted,disappointed等。Theoldmanisanxioustoseethemanager.那個老人急于見經(jīng)理。Theauthoriscontenttoliveasimplelife.這個作家滿足于過簡單的生活。I’msosorrytohearaboutyourfailureonbusiness.聽說你生意失敗,我很難過。Weareshockedtoknowthathediedintheaircrash.得知他死于空難,我們感到震驚。單句語法填空(1)Herfriendswereverysurprised

(hear)thattheyhadbrokenup.(2)Marywasglad

(see)herfatherworkinginthegarden.(3)Sandefur

wasshocked

(find)outshehadwonaMacArthurFellowship.完成句子(4)I

(很遺憾地聽說)thatyouhavegivenupthegoodchance.

tohear

tosee

tofindamsorrytohear4不定式的主動形式表被動意義當(dāng)句子中有形容詞easy,difficult,light,heavy,comfortable,pleasant,hard,dangerous,fit,unfit,interesting,important,necessary等時,常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。Heisamaneasytogetonwith.他是一個容易相處的人。Ifindthelecturedifficulttounderstand.我覺得這講座很難理解。Thebediscomfortabletosleepon.這張床睡起來很舒服。Theriverisdangeroustobathein.在這條河里洗澡很危險。Atractorisnecessarytohaveonafarm.農(nóng)場里必須有一臺拖拉機。單句語法填空(1)Theproblemisverydifficult

(solve).(2)Theairinthemorningispleasant

(breathe).(3)Thebookisveryinteresting

(read).(4)Scientificinformationcanbediffi

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