英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解習(xí)題1

UnitoneAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbal

ElementarySchoolsinearlyAmericathinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugene

Fergusonhaspointedout,*'Atechnologistthinksaboutobjects

Whataccountsfortheareatoutburstofmaiorinventionsinthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;

earlvAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thetheyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.

steamboatandtheweavingmachine?Thedesignerandtheinventorareabletoassembleand

Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthemanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.',

country'sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatThisnonverbal"spatial"thinkingcanbejustascreativeas

welcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumspaintingandwriting.robertfultononcewrote,"Themechanic

toinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,shouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,

"spatial*'thinkingaboutthingstechnological.likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthem

Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangement

schoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandtransmitsanewidea.',

MiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinWhenalltheseshapingforces--schools,openattitudes,the

arithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.premiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking--interactedwith

AcuteforeianobserversrelatedamericanadaptivenessandoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthat

inventivenesstothiseducationaladvantaae.Asamemberofaamericancharacteristic,emulation.Todaythatwordimplies

Britishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,nWithamindmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlvbut

preparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboycompetitivestrivin。forfameandexcellence.

developsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman

Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe''premium"inventionn.1.發(fā)明,發(fā)明物2.捏造，虛構(gòu)

system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsraninventorn.發(fā)明家，發(fā)明者

parallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offered［聯(lián)想詞］

inventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.inventoryn.1.詳細(xì)目錄2.存貨清單

IntheUnitedStates,maltitudesofpremiumsfornewdevices

wereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinbreakthhroughn.1.突圍，突破2.重大成就，驚人發(fā)現(xiàn)

majorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenew［聯(lián)想詞］

machinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceofbreakdownn.1.垮臺(tái)，破裂2.衰竭，衰弱3.損壞，故障4.分類(lèi)

technologicaladvance.

Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,the

premiumn.1.保險(xiǎn)金2.額外費(fèi)用3.獎(jiǎng)品，贈(zèng)品，額外津貼incentiven.刺激，鼓勵(lì)

a.1.高級(jí)的，優(yōu)質(zhì)的2.售價(jià)高的

［聯(lián)想詞］maltituden.1.大量，許多2.大眾，民眾

subsidyn.津貼，補(bǔ)貼

ambiguousa.引起歧義的,模式棱兩可的，含糊不清的

verbala.1.口頭的2.用言辭的，用文字的［聯(lián)想詞］

［聯(lián)想詞］indefinitea.1.不明確的,含糊的2.無(wú)限期的

vocala.發(fā)聲的，嗓音的exdplicita.1.明確的，明晰的;詳述的2.直言的，毫不隱瞞的，露骨的

spatiala.空間的，與空間有關(guān)的manipulatevt.1.操縱，控制，影響2.操作，使用

literacyn.識(shí)字,有文化，讀寫(xiě)能力levern.1.杠桿2.途徑，工具，手段

literatea.1.有讀寫(xiě)能力的2.有文化修養(yǎng)的vt.撬動(dòng)，撬起

stimulusn.1.促進(jìn)2.刺激wedgen.楔（子）vt.把...楔入，塞入

［聯(lián)想詞］［聯(lián)想詞］

provocationn.1.挑釁，挑撥2.刺激，激怒grooven.溝，槽

provocativea.1.挑釁的，煽動(dòng)的2.刺激的hingen.較鏈

precedevt.在…之前，先于interactvi.相互作用，相互影響

precedentn.1.先例，范例，判例2.慣例

emulationn.1.競(jìng)賽，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)2.仿效，仿真

patentn.專(zhuān)利,專(zhuān)利權(quán)

a.專(zhuān)利（權(quán)）的,受專(zhuān)利保護(hù)的imitationn.1.模仿2.仿制，仿制品3.鷹品

vt.得到…的專(zhuān)利權(quán)

strivevi.努力，奮斗，力求

originatevi.起源于，來(lái)自，產(chǎn)生

sculpturen.1.雕刻，雕塑2.雕刻作品,雕塑品

vt.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)始，開(kāi)創(chuàng)

［聯(lián)想詞］

［聯(lián)想詞］

.切，把…切碎.雕刻，刻

commencev.開(kāi)始carvevt.12

engravevt.1.在…上雕刻2.使銘記,使牢記

statuen.雕像，塑像UnitTwo

bustn.1.胸像,半身像2.胸部，胸圍FightAgainYouthSmoking

marblen.1.大理石Threeyearsago,appalledbyhowmanychildrenwere

becomingaddictedtocigaretteseveryyear,theVicePresident

diploman.畢業(yè)文憑，畢業(yè)證書(shū)，資格證書(shū)andIcommittedthisadministrationtostoppingthesaleand

［聯(lián)想詞］marketingofcigarettestochildren.Today,thankstothese

diplomatn.1.外交官，外交家2.有交際手段的人，圓滑的人effortsandthepersistenceofstateattorneysgeneral,the

publichealthcommunity,andleadersinCongress,wehavethe

perpetuala.1.永久的，永恒的,長(zhǎng)期的2.無(wú)休止的，沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的bestopportunityevertopasscomprehensiveanti-smoking

legislationthatwellsavemillionsofourchildrenfroma

premature,painful,andverypreventabledeath.

Thisweek,inahistoricandresounding19to1vote,akey

Senatecommitteegaveitsstampofapprovaltocomprehensive

legislationsponsoredbySenatorJohnMcCain,aRepublican,

andSenatorFritzHollings,aDemocrat,thatwouldcutyouth

smokingbyhalfoverthenextdecade.Thisbillrepresentsa

dramaticstepforward.11wouldraisethepriceofcigarettes,

givetheFDAfullauthoritytoregulatetobaccoproducts,ban

advertisingaimedatchildren,andprotecttobaccofarmers.

Westillhaveworktodointhislegislation.Aboveall,we

needtoputinplacetouqhpenaltiesthatwillcostthetobacco

industryifitcontinuestosellcigarettestovounqoeople.Just

thisweektheCentersforDiseaseControlreleasedadisturbing

reportthatmorethanathirdofteenagersintheUnitedStates

nowsmoke,eventhoughit'sillegal.

11istimetoholdtobaccocompaniesaccountable.

Reducidnqvouthsmokinqmustbeveervbodv'sbottomline.

Let'sremember--thisisnotaboutpoliticsormoney,orseeking

revengeagainstthetobaccoindustryforpastpractices.We're

nottryingtoputthetobaccocompaniesoutofbusiness;welegislationn.1.法律，法規(guī)2,立法的，法律的制定

wanttoputthemoutofthebusinessofsellingcigarattestokids.［聯(lián)想詞］

Thisweek'sprogressintheSenateshowswehavereallegitimatea.1.合情合理的2.合法的，法律認(rèn)可的

momentuminbothpartiestodojustthat.judiciala.1.司法的，法庭的,審判的2.明斷的,公正的

There'restillmalyissuestobeworkedoutandmanylongsuevi.1.控告，起訴2.要求，請(qǐng)求vt.控告，起訴

nightsahead.Butwehavewithinourgrasponeofthemostprosecutevt.1.對(duì)...提起公訴，告發(fā)，檢舉2.繼續(xù)從事vi.起訴，告發(fā)

importantpublichealthvictoriesournationhaseverachieved.defendantn.被告

Finally,litmejustpauseamomenttoobservethe30thinvalida.1.無(wú)效的，作廢的2.無(wú)可靠依據(jù)的n.病弱者，殘疾者

anniversaryofthedeathofoneofAmerica'sgreatestheroes,Dr.testifyvi.1.作證，證明2.表明，說(shuō)明vt.作證，證明

MartinLutherKing.Hisdream,deeplyrootedintheAmericantestimonyn.1.證詞2.見(jiàn)證，證明

Dream,isadreamforallAmericans.Letushereathomealways

strivetoheedDr.Kina'swordsandliveUDtohisleaacv.prematurea.1.比預(yù)期時(shí)間早是2.不成熟的,倉(cāng)促的

----------BillClinton

authorityn.1.權(quán)力,管轄權(quán)2.官方，當(dāng)局3.當(dāng)權(quán)者,行政管理機(jī)構(gòu)4.權(quán)威，專(zhuān)

appallvt.使驚駭，使大吃一驚家

［聯(lián)想詞］authoritativea.1.權(quán)威性的,可信的2.專(zhuān)斷的，命令式的

terrifyvt.使害怕，使驚嚇authorizevt.授權(quán)，批準(zhǔn)

outragevt.激起…的義憤，激怒［聯(lián)想詞］

n.1.義憤，憤慨2.暴行，駭人聽(tīng)聞的事件definitivea.1.最可靠的，權(quán)威性的2.決定性的

addictn.1.有癮的人2.入迷的人accountablea.負(fù)起責(zé)任的

vt.使成癮，使入迷

［聯(lián)想詞］revengen.報(bào)復(fù)，報(bào)仇

cocainen.可卡因

momentumn.1.動(dòng)力，沖力，勢(shì)力2.動(dòng)量

toxica.有毒的，中毒引起的

［聯(lián)想詞］

persistenta.1.堅(jiān)持不懈的,執(zhí)意的2.持續(xù)的impetusn.1.推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，刺激2.推動(dòng)力

persistencen.1.堅(jiān)持不懈，執(zhí)意2.持續(xù)性，持續(xù)狀態(tài)

［聯(lián)想詞］strivevi.努力，奮斗，力求

stubborna.1.頑固的，執(zhí)拗的,倔強(qiáng)的2.難對(duì)付的，難于克服的

heedvt.留心，注意，聽(tīng)從UnitThree

BeautyIsMeaningless

legencyn.遺贈(zèng)的財(cái)物，遺產(chǎn)Ayoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstandorto

expresstheemotionthatitrousesinhim,concludesthatit

deadlya.1.致死的，致命的2.不共戴天的，殊死的3.極度的,十足的ad.非常,mustbethegatewaytoaworldthatliesbeyond.11isdifficult

極度地］foranvofusinmomentsofintenseaestheticexperienceto

［聯(lián)想詞］resistthesuggestionthatwearecatchingaqlirrwseofaliqht

drastica.1.極端的，嚴(yán)厲的2.激烈的,迅猛的thatshinesdowntousfromadifferentrealmofexistence,

differentand,becausetheexperienceisintenselvmovinq,in

epidemicn.1.流行病2.流傳，流行a.流行性的，流傳極廣的

someWQVhigher.And,thoughthegleamsblindanddazzle,yet

lurevt.吸引，引誘，誘惑

theydoconveyahintofbeautyandserenitygreaterthanwe

haveknownorimagined.Greatertoothanwecandescribe,for

language,whichwasinventedtoconveythemeaningsofthis

world,cannotreadilybefittedtotheusesofanother.

ThatallqreatarthasthisDowerofsuqqestinqaworld

beyondisundeniable.Insomemoods.Naturesharesit.There

isnoskyinJunesobluethatitdoesnotpointforwardtoabluer,

nosunsetsobeautifulthatitdoesnotwakenthevisionofa

greaterbeauty,awisionwhichpassesbeforeitisfullyglimpsed,

andinpassingleavesanindefinablelingingandregret.But,if

thisworldisnotmerelyabadjoke,lifeavulgarflareamidthe

coolradianceofthestars,andexistenceanemptylaugh

brayingacrossthemysteries,iftheseintimationsofa

somethingbehindandbeyondarenotevilhumourbornof

indigestion,orwhimsiessentbythedeviltomockandmadden

us,if,inaword,beautymeanssomething,yetwemustnot

seektointerpretthemeaning.Ifweqlinwsetheunutterable,it

isunwisetotrvtoutterit,norshouldweseektoinvestwith

significancethatwhichwecannotqrasD.Beautyintermsofour

humanmeaningsismeaningless.

intensea.1.強(qiáng)烈的，劇烈的,緊張的2.認(rèn)真的,專(zhuān)注的3.熱情的,熱切的bizarea.怪誕的，奇形怪狀的

intensifyv.（使）增強(qiáng),（使）加劇weirda.1.古怪的，離奇的2.怪誕的，神秘可怕的

aesthetica.1.美學(xué)的，審美的2.悅目的,雅致的mockvt.1.嘲笑，嘲弄2.（為了取笑）模仿vi.嘲笑，嘲弄

a.1.模擬的，學(xué)習(xí)的2.假的，假裝的

gleamvi.1.閃亮，閃爍2.閃現(xiàn)，流露n.1.閃光，閃亮2.閃現(xiàn)，流露

［聯(lián)想詞］

sparklevi.1.發(fā)光，閃耀，閃爍2.活躍，煥發(fā)n.1.發(fā)光，閃耀，閃爍2.活力，生氣

glittervi.閃閃發(fā)光，閃耀n.閃光，燦爛的光輝2.耀眼，輝煌

dazzlevt,使眩目n.1.耀眼的光2.令人贊嘆的東西

serenityn.1.平靜，安詳2.晴朗，明朗

denialn.1.否認(rèn)2.拒絕

undeniablea.不可否認(rèn)的

vulgara.1.粗野的，下流的2.庸俗的,粗俗的

［聯(lián)想詞］

boscenea.1.淫穢的，下流的2.可憎的,可惡的

flarevi.1.（火焰）閃耀2.突發(fā)，突然發(fā)怒n.閃光信號(hào),照明彈

［聯(lián)想詞］

eruptvi.1.（火山等）噴發(fā)2.（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生

ignitevt.點(diǎn)燃，引發(fā)

radianta.1.容光煥發(fā)的，喜形于色的2.光芒四射的，光輝燦爛的3.輻射的

［聯(lián)想詞］

radiatev.1.發(fā)出（光或熱），輻射2.流露，顯示

radioactivea.放射性的，有輻射的

brayvi.1.（驢）叫2.以響而粗的聲音說(shuō)（或笑）

whimsyn.1.怪念頭，離奇的想法2.稀奇古怪

［聯(lián)想詞］

Ifmiservlovesconwanv,sodosiortsfans.Dr.LeonMann

UnitFour

documentedthisseveralyearsagowhen,asaHarvard

WaitinginLine

professor,hestudiedthelongovernightqueuesforticketsto

TheBritishqueueupandtheAmericanswaitinline,except

ballgamesinhisnativeAustralia.

forNewYorkers,whowaitonline.Nooneseemstoknowthe

"Outsidethestadiumsomethingofacarnivalatmosphere

reasonforthislocalidiom.11is

prevails,MhewroteinTheAmericanJournalofSociology."The

somethingtoponderwhilewaitingin/online.

devoteessing,sipwarmdrinks,playcardsandhuddle

Anotherthingtoponder:11isestimatedthatAmericans

together."

spednduptofiveyearsoftheirlivesinthattedious,wearybut

Liketheteamstheyhadcometowatch,thefansinlinetook

unavoidableprocessknownaswaiting.Studiesshowthat

timeouts.Someworkedinshifts,withcertainmembersleaving

otherwiserationalpeopleactirrationallywhenforcedtostand

totakenapsoreatmeals,whileotherssavedtheirplacesinline.

inlineorwaitincrowds,evenbecomingviolent.

Somestakedclaimsinlinewithitemsofpersonalpropertysuch

Queuesarsaarimrealitvofcitvlife.Whilethereseemsto

assleepingbagsandfoldingchairs."Duringtheearlyhoursof

benoconsensusonthecity'sworstline,theonesmentioned

waiting,'1Dr.Mannnoted,nthequeuesoftenconsistedofone

mostoftenintalkshereandtherewerelunchtimelinesat

partpeopletotwopartsinanimateobjects."

banksandpostofficesand,amongyoungerpeople,movielines

NobodyhaseverseriouslystudiedHelenQuinn'sSaturday

andcollege-registrationlines.

morninglineforMetropolitanOperatickets,butperhaps

"Banklines,"saidMarkSloane,aninvestor."Nomatter

someoneshould--MissQuinnisnotanofficialattheMet.

whattimeofdayyoubank,thenumberoftellersisinadequate

For15yearsstandeesattheoperahavebeendoingjust

tothenumberofpatrons.Evenwhenthebankisopenyousee

that,thankstoMissQuin'sticketingsystem.Shemakes,

longlinesinfrontofthemoneymachinesoutside.*'

datesandnumbershertickets--oneforeachofthe175

"Supermarkets/'saidEdFrantz,agraphicartist,whoonce

standingroomspotsavailable--anddispensesthemtoearly

abandonedafullshoppingcartinthemiddleofalongcheckout

birds.Assuredofaplace,ticketholdersthenleaveandreturn

line.11wasnotapoliticalact."Thelinewasfilledwithcoupon

shortlybefore8A.M.tolineupfortherealtickets.

clippersandcheckwriters,"herecalled."AndsuddenlyIhadto

walkaway.Foodnolongermaltered."

idiomn.1.習(xí)語(yǔ)，成語(yǔ)2.風(fēng)格，特色

Inanylinethefundamentalruleisfirstcome,firstserved,

orwhatdsocialscientistscall"distributivejustice.*'Excentionsponderv.思索，考慮，沉思

mavbemade,sav,infancvrestaurantswheretheheadwaiters［聯(lián)想詞］

havetheirfavorites,but,inaeneral,theruleprevails.contemplatevt.1.盤(pán)算，計(jì)議2.思量，周密考慮3.注視，凝視

wearya.1.疲勞的，疲倦的2.使疲勞的，令人厭倦的vi.厭倦的，不耐煩inanimatea.1.無(wú)生命的，非動(dòng)物的2.無(wú)生氣的,單調(diào)的

［聯(lián)想詞］

metropolitana.大城市的，大都會(huì)的

tiresomea.令人疲勞的，令人厭倦的

dispensevt.1.分配，分發(fā)2.配（藥），發(fā)（藥）3.實(shí)施，執(zhí)行

grima.1.討厭的，糟糕的2.嚴(yán)厲的3.嚴(yán)酷的,無(wú)情的

［聯(lián)想詞］

consensusn.［單］（意見(jiàn)等）一致,一致同意dispersevi.1.分散，散開(kāi)2.消散，消失vt.1.使分散，趕散2.使消散，驅(qū)散

patronn.1.資助人，贊助人2.老主顧，顧客

resentvt.對(duì)…表示忿恨，怨恨

graphica.1.生動(dòng)的，形象的2.繪畫(huà)的，文字的,圖表的

couponn.1.禮券，優(yōu)惠券2.配券，票證

clipn.1.夾子，回形針，別針2.彈夾，彈倉(cāng)3.剪，修剪4.剪報(bào)，電影片斷

vt.（clipped;clipping）1.夾住，扣住2.剪，修剪3.削減，縮短

［聯(lián)想詞］

clampn.夾頭，夾具，夾鉗vt.（用夾具等）夾緊，固定

prevailvi.1.流行，盛行2.獲勝，占優(yōu)勢(shì)3.說(shuō)明，勸說(shuō)，誘使

prevalenta.流稈的，普遍的

miseryn.1.痛苦，苦惱，苦難2.悲慘的境遇，貧苦

carnivaln.1.表演會(huì)2.慶祝，歡宴3.狂歡節(jié)

［聯(lián)想詞］

feastn.1.盛宴，筵席2.節(jié)日

sociologyn.社會(huì)學(xué)

sipv.（sipped,sippig）小口地喝，抿，呷n.小口喝

huddlevi.1.聚集在一起2.把身子蜷成一團(tuán)vt.使聚集在一起

n.擠在一起的人，一堆雜亂的東西

UnitFivethefirsttimetheUSAhadeverlostanOlympicbasketball

AggressivePatriotisminSportsmatch.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethe

silvermedals.

SomeDeoDlebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesIncidentsofthis