杭州師范大學2022年綜合英語考研真題

杭州師范大學2022年[綜合英語]考研真題I.ClozeFillineachoftheblankswithafunctionword,otherwisethefirstletterisgivenasaclue.PassageOne:Instinctorcleverness?Wehavebeenbroughtuptofearinsects.Weregardthemasunnecessarycreaturesthatdomoreharmthangood.Wecontinuallywagewar(1)______them,fortheycontaminateourfood,carrydiseases,ordevourourcrops.Theystingorbitewithoutprovocation;theyflyuninvitedintoourroomsonsummernights,orbeatagainstourlightedwindows.Weliveindreadnotonlyofunpleasantinsectslikespidersorwasps,butofquiteharmlessoneslikemoths.Readingaboutthemincreasesourunderstandingwithoutdispellingourfears.Knowingthattheindustriousantlivesinahighlyorganizedsocietydoesnothingtopreventus(2)______beingfilledwithrevulsionwhenwefindhordesofthemcrawlingoveracarefullypreparedpicniclunch.Nomatterhowmuchwelikehoney,orhowmuchwehavereadabouttheuncannysenseofdirectionwhichbeespossess,wehaveahorrorofbeing(3)s______.Mostofourfearsareunreasonable,buttheyareimpossibletoerase.Atthesametime,however,insectsarestrangelyfascinating.Weenjoyreadingaboutthem,especiallywhenwefindthat,liketheprayingmantis,theyleadperfectlyhorriblelives.Weenjoystaring(4)______them,entrancedastheygoabouttheirbusiness,unaware(wehope)(5)______ourpresence.Whohasnotstoodinawe(6)______thesightofaspiderpouncing(7)______afly,oracolumnofantstriumphantlybearinghomeanenormousdeadbeetle?LastsummerIspentdaysinthegardenwatchingthousandsofantscrawlingupthetrunkofmyprizepeachtree.Thetreehasgrownagainstawarmwallonashelteredsideofthehouse.Iamespeciallyproud(8)______it,notonlybecauseithassurvivedseveralseverewinters,butbecauseitoccasionallyproduceslusciouspeaches.Duringthesummer,Inoticedthattheleavesofthetreewerebeginningtowither.Clustersoftinyinsectscalledaphidesweretobefoundontheundersideoftheleaves.Theywerevisitedbyalargecolonyofantswhichobtainedasortofhoney(9)______them.Iimmediatelyembarkedonanexperimentwhich,eventhoughitfailedtogetridoftheants,keptmefascinated(10)______twenty-fourhours.Iboundthebaseofthetreewithstickytape,making(11)______impossiblefortheantstoreachtheaphides.Thetapewassosticky(12)______theydidnotdaretocrossit.Foralongtime,Iwatchedthemscurryingaroundthebaseofthetree(13)______bewilderment.Ievenwentoutatmidnightwithatorchandnoted(14)______satisfaction(andsurprise)thattheantswerestillswarmingaroundthestickytape(15)______beingabletodoanythingaboutit.Igotupearlynextmorninghopingtofind(16)______theantshadgivenupindespair.Instead,Isawthattheyhaddiscoveredanew(17)r______.Theywereclimbing(18)______thewallofthehouseandthenontotheleavesofthetree.IrealizedsadlythatIhadbeencompletely(19)d______bytheiringenuity.Theantshadbeenquicktofindan(20)a______tomythoroughlyunscientificmethods!PassageTwo:CosmicDustWeknowtheuniversedoesn’trevolvearoundus.Butpartsofitdo,likehouseholddust.Thiscontinuouslyreproducingfilthiscomprised(1)_____skincells,hair,clothingfibres,dirtfromoutside,dustmites,bacteriaandchemicalsthatcanstick(2)_____anyoftheseitems.Asachild,oneofmyweeklychoreswasdustingthehouse.Ifyouhadtold12-year-oldmethat,at37,IwouldfinddustingoneofthemostcomfortingthingsIdoathome,Iwouldhavebeenveryconcernedaboutexactlyhowawfuladulthoodis.ButperhapsImighthaveworriedlessifIhadalsobeentold(3)_____withadulthoodwouldcomeknowledgeofcosmicdust,whichisallovertheuniverseandabsolutelydoesnotrevolvearoundus.Spacedustispartofafascinatinglifecycleofstructureformationintheuniverse:theemergenceofstarsandplanets,aswellastheirdeaths.Intheveryearlyuniverse,gravitycausedhydrogenandheliumgastocollapseintoobjectsthatoftenbecamedenselypackedenoughignitenuclearhydrogenburningwhichleads(4)_____starformation.Thenuclearchainreactionsthatoccurinstarsproduceelementsheavier(5)_____hydrogenandhelium,likecarbon,nitrogenandoxygen.Evenheavierelements,likeneonandtitanium,aremadeinthesupernovaexplosionsthatcanoccurattheend(6)_____astar’slife.Theseexplosionsblowstardustmadeoftheseelements–mostcommonlysiliconandcarbon–outintotheuniverse.Someofitleadstosolarsystemformation,producingtheextrasolarplanetsweareincreasinglycapableofobserving.Inthecase(7)_____ourlocalstar,thesun,thatsolarsystemsproutedlifeonthethird-innermostplanet,Earth.Someofthedusthelpsformthenext-generationstarsthatburnalittledifferentlythantheirforebearsbecausesomeoftheelementstheycontainareheavier.Onethingcosmicdustdoeshaveincommon(8)_____householddustisthatitcanbeannoying.Anongoingissueinastronomyobservationsisfiguringouthowtolearnaboutobjects–fromplanetstostars–thatareobscured(9)_____cosmicdustinwhatwecallourlineofsight,thepathoflighttravellingfromthatobject(10)_____ourtelescope.Lightpassingthroughcosmicdustinteractswithitsparticles.Thedustwillsometimesabsorbandscatterthelight,dimmingtheobject’sbrightness,althoughthiscanalsooffervaluableinsight(11)_____thesizeofthedustparticles.Likehouseholddust,cosmicdustcanlead(12)_____misinterpretationsofwhatweareviewing.Yourblacktelevisionstandcanend(13)_____lookinggreyifyoudon’tcleanit.Similarly,cosmicdustcangetmistakenforsomethingelse.Justfiveyearsago,researchersontheBICEP2experimentrevealedtheyhaddetectedgravitationalwaves,ripplesinspace-time,fromtheuniverse’sfirstsecondofexistence.Itturned(14)_____thatinsteadtheyhadseen(15)d_____.Themistakenannouncementoccurredbecausetheyhadn’tproperlysubtracteddustout(16)_____theirdata.Inother(17)w_____,dustcanreallygetinthewayoftakingagood,cleanpicture.Atthesame(18)t_____,studyingcosmicdustisacriticalpartofunderstandinghowobjectsforminthecosmos.Whilemostofthematterintheuniverseisprobablyintheformofdarkmatter,mostofthevisiblematterisintheformofinterstellardust,notincompactobjectslikestarsandplanets.Thus,insight(19)_____large-scalestructureslikegalaxiesrequiresanunderstandingofdustdynamics.Onegalaxywewouldreallyliketounderstandisours,theMilky(20)W_____.Butwefacechallengesintryingtocomprehenditbecause(21)_____thewaydustobscuresourview,solookingatotherexamplesis(22)i________.Itisgoodtohaveneighbours.TheMilky(23)W_____ispartofwhatisknownastheLocalGroup,acollectionofgalaxieswhoselargestmembersareourownandAndromeda.BylookingatthepatternsofdustinAndromeda,wecangainexcitinginsight(24)_____ourowncorneroftheuniverse.AntWhitworthatCardiffUniversityintheUKrecentlyledateamindoingjustthat,using(25)d_____fromtheHerschelSpaceObservatory.Herschel,named(26)_____BritishastronomersandsiblingsCarolineandWilliamHerschel,wasaEuropeanSpaceAgencytelescopethatspecialised(27)_____lookingattheuniverseinthepartoftheelectromagneticspectrumthatstraddlesinfraredandradiowaves–exactlywherespacedustismostvisible(28)_____ourinstruments.Withtheirdata,Whitworthandhisteamaffirmedapreviouslynotedtensionbetweentheoreticalmodelsofinterstellardustandobservations.Dustcontinuestogivehumanitytrouble,whether(29)_____homeor(30)_____thegalaxynextdoor.II.TranslationPartATranslatethefollowingintoChinese.IlostmysightwhenIwasfouryearsoldbyfallingoffaboxcarinafreightyardinAtlanticCityandlandingonmyhead.NowIamthirty-two.Icanvaguelyrememberthebrightnessofsunshineandwhatcolourredis.Itwouldbewonderfultoseeagain,butacalamitycandostrangethingstopeople.ItoccurredtometheotherdaythatImightnothavecometolovelifeasIdoifIhadn'tbeenblind.Ibelieveinlifenow.IamnotsosurethatIwouldhavebelievedinitsodeeply,otherwise.Idon'tmeanthatIwouldprefertogowithoutmyeyes.IsimplymeanthatthelossofthemmademeappreciatethemorewhatIhadleft.PartBTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.在發(fā)展科學技術(shù)方面，我們要共同努力。實現(xiàn)人類的希望離不開科學，第三世界擺脫貧困離不開科學，維護世界和平也離不開科學。發(fā)展高科技，我們還是要花點錢，該花的就要花。III.ParaphrasingRephrasetheunderlinedpartsinthefollowingpassage.TwoEuropeanbranchesofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyareparticularlyimportanttoconsiderwhenlookingatthehistoryofhowEnglishdeveloped:GermaniclanguagesandtheRomancelanguages,suchasFrench,Italian,andSpanish,(1)whichhavetheirrootsinLatin.EnglishisintheGermanicbranchofIndo-Europeanlanguages.ThisbranchoflanguagescameintoexistenceaboutthreethousandyearsagoinanareaaroundtheElbeRiverinwhatisnowGermany.(2)AroundthesecondcenturyBC,whathadbegunasoneGermaniclanguagesplitoffintothreedisparategroups.(3)OneofthesegroupseventuallyevolvedtobecometheGermanlanguagespokentoday.AnothergroupwasknownasWestGermanic.InthefifteenandsixthcenturiesAD,WestGermanicinvaderscalledtheAnglesandtheSaxonscametotheBritishIsles.TheyspoketwodialectsofWestGermanicthatweresimilartooneanother,and(4)thesedialectsmergedintowhatwetodaycallOldEnglish,whichwasverysimilartoWestGermanic.(5)TheseinvaderspushedtheoriginalCeltic-speakinginhabitantsoutofwhatisnowEngland.IV.WritingPartAWriteanessaywithabout120words,summarizingthepointsmadeinthefollowingessay.Nowadays,asaconsequenceoftheuprisingofnovelmediasuchasTVandtheInternet,peopletendtoreadfewerandfewerbooks,especiallyliteratures.Thisphenomenonhasarousednewconcernsamongmanybecausetheybelievethattheculturewouldbedegradedinthelongrunifpeoplecontinuelosinginterestinliteraturereading.Literaturehasbeenconstitutingasignificantpartinpublicreadingthroughouthumanhistory,becauseitisbelievedtobeintellectuallyinspiringandalsokeeponstimulatingpeople’screativity.Thus,asaresultofthediminishingliteraturereading,thepublicreadinglevelasawholemustbealsounderminedsubsequently.Somepeopleareafraidthattheprogressingdecreaseinliteraturereadingalsoreflectsacorruptioninsocialculture.SincepeoplearemoreattractedtospendingleisurehoursonwatchingTVorsurfingontheInternet,thetraditionalcultureisthreatenedbyalosingofitssponsors.Newconcernsalsoemerge,suspectingthatthenextgenerationofadolescentsmayeventuallylosetheirtasteoftheromanticisminourculturebecauseoftheabsenceofliteraturereadingability.Somepeopleevenbelievethatthedeclineinliteraturereadingmayevenresultinafurthershrinkageinthenumberofpublishes.Failingtocatchtheattentionofenoughreaders,manyexcellentliteraturewriterswouldthereforetrytoavoidfurtherwriting.Inaddition,noteveryliteraturestorycouldluckilybecomeabookontheshelfbecausemanypublishersarefarfrombeingoptimistictowardtheliteraturemarket.However,otherpeoplethinkthatthesituationhasbeengreatlyexaggerated.Inthesepeople’sopinion,thefactthatfewerpeoplereadliteraturedoesn’tnecessarilyhurtthepublicreadinglevelasawhole.Asweknow,someformerliteraturereadershaveconvertedtoscienceandhistor