高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧講義課件

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空總論高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法句法三大從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句式

倒裝、省略、強(qiáng)調(diào)、反義疑問(wèn)其他

簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句等詞法謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

10大時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

3大非謂語(yǔ)成分、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

虛擬用法、推測(cè)用法等其他

名詞、冠詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、代詞考察內(nèi)容(1)無(wú)提示詞：通?？?/p>

冠詞、介詞、代詞和連詞

等四類詞。一個(gè)空格只能填

一個(gè)單詞。(2)有提示詞（用括號(hào)中所給詞填空）：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。

有提示詞解題

1，括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

有提示詞與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(07廣州一模)2.Hisfearoffailure________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(08深圳二模)3.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(08廣東)

wastold

kept考查語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài),及主謂一致考點(diǎn)分析results當(dāng)句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)要考慮__________、__________、__________、__________等四個(gè)方面?！敬_定時(shí)態(tài)的3條依據(jù)】(1)依據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致?？瓷舷挛闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是什么時(shí)態(tài)(過(guò)去/現(xiàn)在/將來(lái))，空格要填的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般應(yīng)與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)一致。這是高考語(yǔ)法填空中確定時(shí)態(tài)的最重要的依據(jù)。但需注意：客觀事實(shí)或真理可能時(shí)態(tài)不一致；直接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)會(huì)與引號(hào)外的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。(2)依據(jù)并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致。(3)依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如recently,sofar,uptonow,uptothepresent,inthepastfewyears常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；bytheendof,since1980,forthreeyears常與完成時(shí)連用。解題技巧時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、主謂一致非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

有提示詞除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的動(dòng)詞形式1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.(17廣州一模)2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!(17廣二模)3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.(08深圳二模)4.Beforethewaitresscouldevenfinishdescribingthemenu,myfriendlookedatmewithhiseyebrows(眉毛)

(raise).(11廣州一模)

receiving

tocomplete

included考查語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及變形的使用考點(diǎn)分析raised當(dāng)句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，橫線前又沒有并列連詞與括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞并列時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)，就要根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法確定用具體的某種形式(doing,done,todo)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

有提示詞介詞,冠詞,所有格后接名詞,形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾形容詞動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).(07深圳一模)2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.(16惠二模)3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.(16廣東)4.____________(doubt),althoughthereisstillroomforimprovementtothispolicy,Ithinkitisstillagoodonewhichbringsmoregoodthanharmtothestudentsandthenation.(16汕頭水平考試)

rudely

suggestion考查語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化考點(diǎn)分析naturalUndoubtedly2，括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是形容詞或副詞Atlast，hercourageand________(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher...3，括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是名詞單數(shù)名詞冠詞(a，an，the)、物主代詞(my，your，his等)、指示代詞(this，that等)、不定代詞(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other等)、名詞所有格或形容詞等對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行修飾。如果給出的名詞是在冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或形容詞之后，則應(yīng)考慮填名詞。但不要忘記，要考慮名詞是否變復(fù)數(shù)，是否用所有格形式等。Oneofmyfather’sfavorite________(say)asIwasgrowingupwas“Tryit！”當(dāng)括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是名詞時(shí)，還可能考查形容詞。There，myvoicesoundsreally________(wonder)becausethere’saslightechotoit.有時(shí)也可能考查副詞、動(dòng)詞等Acertainmanplantedaroseandwateredit________(faith)andbeforeitblossomed，heexaminedit.

當(dāng)空格處所需詞類與括號(hào)中所給詞的詞類不同時(shí),就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。這類題一般可根據(jù)以下5點(diǎn)順利解決：（1）作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用_________形式。（2）在形容詞性物主代詞、冠詞(+形容詞)、不定代詞(some,any,alotof等)、介詞后還沒有名詞時(shí)，就用_________形式。（3）作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用__________形式。（4）作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或放在句首修飾全句，用_______。（5）當(dāng)所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時(shí)，無(wú)需改變?cè)~性，而可能是只改變?cè)~義但不改變?cè)~性的前綴或后綴，也可能用其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。解題技巧名詞名詞形容詞副詞

在高考全國(guó)卷中出現(xiàn)的考綱詞的派生詞是不算生詞的，也不用漢語(yǔ)注明，因此，掌握基本的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)非常重要。從近兩年全國(guó)卷的語(yǔ)法填空來(lái)看，詞類轉(zhuǎn)換僅考查了以下3點(diǎn)：(1)形容詞→副詞。(2)形容詞→名詞。(3)名詞→形容詞。無(wú)提示詞解題

一，冠詞1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey…Sothefarmerkilled____goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas____shy,nervousperfectionist(完美主義者).3.….theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto___smalltownsome20kilometersaway.4.Istillremembertaking____visitingfriendfromCanadatoalocalBlackCountrypubforlunch.下列情況很可能填不定冠詞：(1)________+可數(shù)n.(單數(shù))；(2)________+形容詞+可數(shù)n.(單數(shù))。下列情況下很可能填

：(1)_____(+形容詞)+n.+of等介詞短語(yǔ)

(表示特指)；(2)_____(+形容詞)+n.+定語(yǔ)從句(表示特指)；(3)_____(+形容詞)+n.+不定式短語(yǔ)或分詞短語(yǔ)

(表示特指)考點(diǎn)二：介詞(1)介詞+賓語(yǔ)（名詞）(2)不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_________sale.4.Hewasverytired_____________doingthisforawholeday…

of

at考查語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配考點(diǎn)分析onfrom

無(wú)提示詞：注意固定搭配betiredfrom因…厭倦考點(diǎn)三：代詞(1)作主語(yǔ)用主格，作賓語(yǔ)用賓格,注意形容詞詞性和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別。(2)指示代詞,不定代詞、反身代詞等考查語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):代詞的基本用法考點(diǎn)分析1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_________

wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_____.3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_____wanttosayitagain:asmile…itherme

無(wú)提示詞

無(wú)提示詞：代詞在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常填代詞，包括1.人稱代詞(I/me/you/he/him等)、2.指示代詞(it/this等)、3.不定代詞(something/anything等)、4.名詞性物主代詞(mine/yours/his/hers等)、5.疑問(wèn)代詞(which/who等)、6.反身代詞(不能作主語(yǔ))(myself/yourself等)在名詞前作定語(yǔ)就只能用形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her等)?？键c(diǎn)四：連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)連接Historically,itwasfamousforindustry,whichexplains_______theareaiscalledtheBlackCountry.2.Itgotitsnameduringtheindustrialrevolution,_______factorypollutionturnedthelocalskiesblackandlocaldustfromtheminesmadethesoilthesamecolor.3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter(柜臺(tái))______someattractivetieswereondisplay.4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluckup(拔起)allofhiscropafewinches.

why

when考查語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):各類復(fù)合句中連詞,引導(dǎo)詞的用法考點(diǎn)分析wherethat

無(wú)提示詞如果兩個(gè)句子之間（兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間）沒有分號(hào)或者句號(hào)，也沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接或者引導(dǎo)，這時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮填并列連詞或者從屬連詞。并列句和復(fù)合句并列句：簡(jiǎn)單句＋并列連詞＋簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句：主句＋從句（連接詞＋主＋謂）兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之間若不用句號(hào)或分號(hào)，就必須要用連詞，否則，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整?？偨Y(jié)提升一．根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定詞性動(dòng)詞名詞形容詞副詞冠詞介詞連詞代詞詞性一般有提示詞無(wú)提示詞總結(jié)提升二．根據(jù)上下文意義及語(yǔ)法，確定詞形冠詞定冠詞,不定冠詞并列句及復(fù)合句非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞todo,doing,done及變形謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài),及主謂一致連詞介詞介詞的常用用法及詞組搭配詞性變化詞匯,構(gòu)詞法謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞代詞人稱代詞，物主代詞，不定代詞，指示代詞，反身代詞根據(jù)語(yǔ)義,確定詞形分析句子,確定詞性解題四步走提示：四步走歸根到底其實(shí)就是尋找依據(jù)．每一個(gè)語(yǔ)法填空的空格里所需的單詞或短語(yǔ)其實(shí)都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依據(jù)通讀全文,理解大意總結(jié)提升檢查搭配,前后連貫第一講倒裝和省略

倒裝全倒裝1,Herethere,now,then位于句首。

2,副詞短語(yǔ)中的副詞位于句首。3,介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首。

半倒裝1，否定半倒裝。2，Only+狀語(yǔ)，主句半倒裝。3，so…that半倒裝。4，if虛擬語(yǔ)氣半倒裝。特殊情況Althogh從句變as引導(dǎo)。省略肯定句考點(diǎn)1，so+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞2，So+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)否定句考點(diǎn)1，neither/nor+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞2，neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)全倒裝Thebuscomeshere.Herecomesthebus.倒裝情況1，Heretherenowthen等位于句首，句子可以全倒裝。Johnopenedthedoor.There___(stand,girl)hehadneverseenbefore.<陜西卷>2，副詞短語(yǔ)中的副詞（常為goaway,rushout等固定搭配）位于句首，句子可以全倒裝。Awayfledthethief.=Thethieffledaway.<上海卷>Downcametherain.Upwenttheballoon.3，介詞短語(yǔ)（如Infrontof,with等）位于句首，句子可以完全倒裝。Atthefootofthemountain____AvillagelieB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage一些例外主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞（hesheitthey）句子不能完全倒裝Hereyouare.Hereareyou(incorrect)Awaytheywent.Shestoodinfrontofthehouse.半倒裝Iwillneverforgetyou,dear!NeverwillIforgetyou,dear!1，否定半倒裝否定詞、詞組或者句型放在句首，整個(gè)句子要變成半倒裝。Littledoesshecare__(care)whatshelookslike,allshecaresaboutisherjobperformance.Howwastheteleviseddebatelastnight?Super!Rarelydidadebateattractsomuchmediaattention.上海卷2，only半倒裝Only位于句首，而且必須要加狀語(yǔ)才能用半倒裝。Only+狀語(yǔ)+主句半倒裝。Onlyifpeopleofallthecountriesareunited_canwesolve____(solve)theexistingproblemsintheworld.Sothat半倒裝____thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.陜西卷A.Sosuccessfulherbusinesswas虛擬半倒裝Werethesuntoriseinthewest,Iwouldmarryyou.Ifthesunweretoriseintheeast,Iwouldmarryyou.WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.特殊倒裝although變asAlthoughheisrich,Idon’tenvyhim.Richasheis,Idon’tenvyhim.省略的情況類型肯定句否定句表示贊同So+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞Neither/nor+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞表示類似So+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Tomlikesswimming.SodoI(表示類似)Sohedoes(表示贊同)Tomcan’taffordtobuyahouse.NeithercanI(表示類似)Neitherhecan(表示贊同)Idon’tknowaboutyou,butIamsickandtiredofthisweather.____(s0).Ican’tstandallthisrain.Notuntilhewentthroughrealhardship

thelovewehaveforourfamiliesisimportant.[福建卷]A.hadherealized B.didherealizeC.herealized D.hehadrealized5Atnotime

therulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.[還寧卷]A.theyactuallybroke B.dotheyactuaillybreakC.didtheyactuallybreak D.theyhadactuallybrokenAtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver____oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.[重慶卷]A.liesChongqing B.ChongqingliesC.doeslieChongqing D.doesChongqinglieForamomentnothinghappened.Then______allshoutingtogether.[福建卷]A.voiceshadcome B.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcome D.didvoicescomeNeverbefore______seenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.[江西卷]A.hadshe B.shehad C.hasshe D.shehas_________，hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.[重慶卷]A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent

第二講強(qiáng)調(diào)句和反義疑問(wèn)句一，強(qiáng)調(diào)句Itis/was….that(who,whom)Tomboughtabookyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)ItwasTomthat/whoboughtabookyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)ItwasabookthatTomboughtyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)ItwasyesterdaythatTomboughtabook.ItwasinNewZealand_____ElizabethmetMr.Smith.全國(guó)卷強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句句式ItwasabookthatTomboughtyesterday.WasitabookthatTomboughtyesterday?高考原句Wasitbycuttingdownstaff___shesavedthefirm?強(qiáng)調(diào)句高考?？季湫?，Itis/wasnotuntil…thatItwasnotuntilmidnightthattheyreachedthecampsite.重慶卷2，notuntil位于句首，且連接句子，用半倒裝，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中不能用半倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Only也是如此。Not

until

the

child

fell

asleep

didthe

mother

leave

the

room.半倒裝It

was

not

until

the

child

fell

asleep

that

the

mother

left

the

room.強(qiáng)調(diào)句Do/does/did強(qiáng)調(diào)Idoloveyou!Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.Ididcallyoulastnightbutyouwerenotin.高考真題Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherCblumbuscorssed

theAtlantic___ZhengsailedtoEastAfrica.[重慶卷]A.when B.that C.after D.sinceItisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo____benefitsourworkmost.[陜西卷]A.who B.which C.that D.whatItwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillage____thehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.[安徽卷]A.where B.that C.when D.whichJohn’ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.Itisyearsofhardwork____hasmadetiimwhatheistoday.[湖南卷]A.why B.when C.which D.that第三講并列連詞和主謂一致并列連詞1，并列關(guān)系2，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系3，選擇關(guān)系4，因果關(guān)系主謂一致就近一致當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為AorB,notAbutB,notonlyAbutalsoB,neitherAnorB等就遠(yuǎn)一致當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為A+besides/together/with/like/aswellas+B時(shí)特殊主謂一致1，常接單數(shù)形式的六大考點(diǎn)2，接單復(fù)數(shù)形式有區(qū)別的考點(diǎn)3，百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞等的考點(diǎn)4，定語(yǔ)從句主謂一致的考點(diǎn)5，以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾名詞的考點(diǎn)6，集體名詞的考點(diǎn)類型?？疾⒘羞B詞并列關(guān)系A(chǔ)nd,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系But,however,yet,whereas,not…but選擇關(guān)系Or,either…or因果關(guān)系So,thereforeYouhavetomoveoutoftheway,___Thetruck,cannotgetpastyou.全國(guó)卷Iwasgladtomeetjennyagain,_____Ididn‘twanttospendalldaywithher.全國(guó)卷Givemeachance,_______Iwillgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.主謂一致就近一致的原則AorBNotAbutBNotonlyA

butalsoBNeitherAnorBEitherAorBEitheryouorIamwrong.例句Thereisabookandsomepensonthedesk.Notonlyyoubutalsoheistoblame.高考原句NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneisthenationafteranother.全國(guó)卷就遠(yuǎn)一致ALike/aswellasBesides/but/Except

With/alongwith/TogetherwithB謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（與A一致）Ratherthan/InadditiontoIncluding/Asmuchas高考原句填空Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager___encouragedtoworkonlineathome.廣東卷Dr.smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,____goingtovisitBeijingthissummer.陜西卷高考經(jīng)典真題Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,______toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.WereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.HavebeeninvitedD.HasbeeninvitedOneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Morethanone+單數(shù)名詞-One/-body/-thing

構(gòu)成的符合代詞單數(shù)Each/EveryA/noAandnoB/manyaAandmanyaBTodo/doing/主語(yǔ)從句

表示時(shí)間、金錢或者度量衡的名詞高考原句填空1,Didyougototheshowlastnight？Yeah,everyboyandgirlinthearea____invited.陜西卷2,Listeningtoloudmusicandrockconcert___(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.湖南卷3,Mostofwhathasbeensaidaboutsmith___alsotrueoftheJohnsons安徽卷主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)情況TheteacherandwriterisfromHunanprovince.TheteacherandthewriterarefromHunanprovince.Theyoungarefullofenergy.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞的考點(diǎn)Half,therest,分?jǐn)?shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要和of之后的名詞保持一致。Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass全國(guó)卷定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致考點(diǎn)1，oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。2，the(only)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。高考原句B