名師課課擊破必修五課件part

Part

11Extracurricular

ReadingPASSAGE

1No

one

can

deny(否認(rèn))

that

AlbertEinstein

was

probably

the

most

famousscientist

of

the

twentieth

century.

Hechanged

1.

scientific

(science)

thinking

inthe

modern

world.

He

isgenerallyconsidered 2.

to

be

(be)thegreatestphysicist

who

ever

lived.

What’s

more,

hedevotedalotofhistimeandenergyto3.

working

(work)

for

human

rights

andprogress.(govern)

of

Germany

took

all

5.

(he)things

away,

including

his

position

and

hiscitizenship.

Einstein

then

settled

down

in

theUnited

States.

In

1939,

Einstein,

6.

who

lovedpeace—afraid

of

a

world

in

which

only

Hitlerwould

had

an

atomic

bomb

—

7.

tried

(try)hard

to

persuade

President

Franklin

D.Roosevelt

in

a

famous

letter

to

have

the

UnitedStates

8.

start

(start)

uranium

research.hisIn

1933,

when

Einstein

was

visiting

Englandand

the

United

States,

the

Nazi

4.

governmentThat

Germany,

after

all,

had

no

bomb,9.

and

thatthefirstbombwouldfallonJapan,

could

not

have

been

expected.

Afterthewar,

Einstein

never

stopped

workingfor

peace

and

reducing

10.

the

numberof

soldiers

in

theworld.［助讀詞匯］uranium

n.鈾citizenship

n.公民身份/資格no

one

can

deny

that

無人能否認(rèn)

devote…to…把……奉獻(xiàn)給……h(huán)uman

rights

人權(quán)atomic

bomb原子彈after

all

畢竟；終究fall

on

落到；降臨；襲擊這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了愛因斯坦為和平和科學(xué)做出的貢獻(xiàn)。scientific

形容詞修飾名詞，scientificthinking意為“科學(xué)思維”。tobe

固定短語be

considered

tobe意為

“被認(rèn)為是……”。working

固定短語devote…to…意為

“把……奉獻(xiàn)給/投身于……”，to是介詞，故后接動(dòng)名詞。government

在the后，of前用名詞，表示

“政府”。his

按照英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，常點(diǎn)名賓語是屬于誰的。此處是指“Einstein的……”,故填his，根據(jù)后面的his

position

and

hiscitizenship也可知。who分析整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，Einstein是主語，謂語是(try)。而空后又出現(xiàn)謂語動(dòng)詞

loved，故此分句肯定是一個(gè)非限定性定語從句，主語是人，故填who。(填此類題，同學(xué)們只要懂得從結(jié)構(gòu)和句意角度稍微分析，不難得出答案。)7.tried

動(dòng)詞try顯然為主句的謂語動(dòng)詞，故只需要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，整篇短文的主體時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去式，故填tried，不需要被動(dòng)。startand由have

sb.do

sth.可知。分析整個(gè)句子，空前是分句，空后也是個(gè)分句，故此處一定是填連接詞。再

從句意分析，前后兩個(gè)分句只是并列關(guān)系，前后是兩個(gè)并列的主語從句故填and。10.

the

常用語塊the

number

of意為

“……的數(shù)量/數(shù)目”。PASSAGE

2這是一篇夾敘夾議的短文。主要說明觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)在科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)中的重要性，科學(xué)真理必須以事實(shí)為根據(jù)，必須通過實(shí)踐來檢驗(yàn)。A

句意：他會(huì)充分利用他觀察到的事實(shí)。與文章主要中心相符，且從下面的on

obviousfacts也可知，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意。屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。D

由第一題可知，正因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)家以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，故不接受不以明顯的事實(shí)為依據(jù)的想法。故選D。B

由第2題可知，be

based

on意為“根據(jù)、以……為基礎(chǔ)”。A

由第2題可知，既然科學(xué)家不接受不以明顯的事實(shí)為依據(jù)的想法，故拒絕接受權(quán)威作為真理的唯一理由。C

由常識(shí)可知，科學(xué)家常認(rèn)真核實(shí)想法并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證實(shí)它們。故選C最為合適。A

做實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是“證明”那些想法。故選A。A

固定結(jié)構(gòu)date

back

(to)…意為“追溯到……”。B

由常識(shí)可知，Roger

Bacon是意為很棒的哲學(xué)家。故選B最佳。其他選項(xiàng)均無法從文章推出。B

指“可能”是第一個(gè)人。C

由文章第二句的heobserves可推出。屬于同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。D

常用搭配make

a

discovery或makediscoveries意為“做出新的發(fā)現(xiàn)”。C

由常識(shí)可知，伽利略是意大利幾個(gè)偉人中“最偉大的”人。A

由文章第一段的the

only

reason

for

truth可推出。屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。C

由第8題可推出答案。屬于同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。B

由下文Galileo的實(shí)驗(yàn)和背景知識(shí)可推出答案為B。16.C

與上文large相對(duì)，應(yīng)填small。17.D

從上文的large

bodies

fell

more

towardstheearth

than

small

ones不難推出答案D最為合適，最能表達(dá)出兩個(gè)不同重量的石頭。其他選項(xiàng)均沒那么確切。18.B

整個(gè)句子是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意：正是伽利略的這種直接到大自然中去通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明我們的判斷和理論的精神，才有了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的所有偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。只有B最合適，其他選項(xiàng)都不符合文意。19.

D

通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明的應(yīng)是“理論”。20.D

由第14題以及第二段最后一句的manyimportant

discoveries不難推出。屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。observerobserveobviousn.觀察者

vt.&

vi.觀察

adj.明顯的authority

n.權(quán)威theory

n.理論makefull

use

of

充分利用by

degrees

逐漸地；漸漸地the

Leaning

Tower

of

Pisa

比薩斜塔lead

to導(dǎo)致［助讀詞匯］philosopher n.哲學(xué)家PASSAGE

3本文介紹本杰明·富蘭克林(BenjaminFranklin)

是美國歷史上第一位享有國際聲譽(yù)的科學(xué)家、發(fā)明家。1.B

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。這篇文章提到了富蘭克林發(fā)明的四種東西：雙光眼鏡、避雷針、富蘭克林爐和里程表，故選B。2.B

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“…warmtheir

homes

less

dangerously

and

with

lesswood”可知，富蘭克林發(fā)明的爐子更安全，更節(jié)省木材，故選B。3.D

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。富蘭克林發(fā)明雙光眼鏡并不是因?yàn)橐暳Σ缓?，而是因?yàn)閰挓┝祟l繁地摘下和戴上眼鏡，因此不能選A。倒數(shù)第二段中提到“Asapostmaster…”可知，他在郵局工作的時(shí)候發(fā)明了簡易里程表，故選

D。4.

A

推理判斷題。由文章最后一段，Edison和Bell效仿富蘭克林，使人類生活得更好，可推斷，他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，那就是都有創(chuàng)造更好的生活的強(qiáng)烈愿望，故選A。［助讀詞匯］invention n.

發(fā)明物natural adj.自然的curiosity n.

好奇vision n.

視野，視線single adj.

單一的dangerously adv.

危險(xiǎn)地establish v.

建立

protect v.

保護(hù)keep

track

of記錄distance n.距離PASSAGE

4本文講述的是保持思維靈敏的簡易方法。即：聚焦未來、散步和學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)。F

下文的3條技巧就是避免思維遲鈍的方法。故選F。A由下文可知經(jīng)常做計(jì)劃，制定短期或長期目標(biāo)的人會(huì)做得更好；所以，第一條技巧是要我們聚焦未來。故選A。3.

E

由下文可知：如果你的生活中沒有充滿變數(shù)的事情，你就不需要擔(dān)心你的預(yù)定計(jì)劃；有時(shí)候同朋友每個(gè)星期約會(huì)喝咖啡這樣的簡單事情就能夠使你聚焦未來。故選E。4.G

由上文可知：鍛煉能產(chǎn)生有益大腦的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，后一句是進(jìn)一步說明，故選G。5.

C

由上句可知對(duì)大腦最好的事情是你學(xué)新東西時(shí)，身體也要?jiǎng)?，即腦力勞動(dòng)和體力勞動(dòng)相結(jié)合的事，就像學(xué)習(xí)園藝以及和朋友跳舞這樣的事情。故選C。forgetful adj.

健忘的age vi.

變老slow

down

變得遲鈍annoying adj.

惱人的ing adj.

即將來到的date n.

約會(huì)Short-term adj.

短期的mildly

adv.

輕微的mental adj.

精神的physical adj.身體的schedule n.預(yù)定計(jì)劃［助讀強(qiáng)化］PASSAGE

5我們了解著名人物及發(fā)明，如愛迪生的電燈和留聲機(jī)，貝爾的電話等，但是又有多少人知道紅綠燈和雨刮器的發(fā)明者呢？1.B

推理判斷題。由第一段中的the

lessfamous

inventors…the

traffic

light

and

thewindshield

wiper?并結(jié)合下文可推斷，作者提到交通信號(hào)燈、雨刮器等發(fā)明，是想說無數(shù)的發(fā)明對(duì)人類十分有益，雖然它們的發(fā)明者沒有太大的名氣，故選B。2.D

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句..,they

are

better

prepared

to

recognizeopportunities

for

inventing

and

moremotivated

togive

inventingatry可知，

JohnMcLean教授開設(shè)這門課程的目的就是讓學(xué)生有足夠的準(zhǔn)備去嘗試自己發(fā)明東西，故選D。B

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的If

I

had

notheard

the

story

of

the

windshield

wiper’sinvention…I

never

would

have

dreamed

ofturning

my

bad

experience

during

arainstorm

into

something

so

constructive可知，Tommy

Lee發(fā)明的“不會(huì)折斷的雨傘”就是受到了雨刮器背后的故事的激勵(lì)，故選

B。C

主旨大意題?？v觀全文，特別是第一段指明了文章的主題，即：我們應(yīng)該了解雨刮器和紅綠燈背后的發(fā)明者的故事，故選C。famous adj.

著名的invent v.發(fā)明professor n.教授in

fact

事實(shí)上develop v.發(fā)展strongly adv.強(qiáng)壯地topic

n.話題umbrella n.雨傘patent n.專利struggle v.奮斗comeup

with想出，提出imagine v.想象［助讀強(qiáng)化］PASSAGE

6本文主要講述公共演講和批判性思維的關(guān)系。D

由空后所舉的例子The

greatest

thinkersscientists

and

inventors…to

produce

new

ideas可知選D。E

空后As

the

class

goes

on

for

example…都和speaking

class有關(guān)，故選E。A

由Organizing

a

speech

is

not

just

a

matterof

arranging

the

ideas

you

already

have可知organizing

a

speech的另一個(gè)重要性，故選

Rather

it

is

an

important

part

of

shaping

theideas

themselves，故選AF

由As

you

work

on…improve

yourability

to

think

clearlyandaccurately.可知，在演講班學(xué)到的技能能幫助你在很多方面成為有效的思考者，故選F。G

根據(jù)As

you

work

on…及As

youlearntolistencriticallytospeechesinclass…可知應(yīng)該選擇動(dòng)作順承的選項(xiàng)，故選G。短文改錯(cuò)(一)Professor

Roger

D.

Kornberg,

a

59-year-old

America,

is

the

winner

of

the

Nobel

Prize

ofAmerican

inChemistry

for

2006.

His

contribution

is

greatofhelp

in

the

research

on

cure

cancers

and

heartcuringdiseases.Since

over

a

century

ago

when

the

Nobel

Prizewas

first

awarded,

and

he

has

been

the

sixthscientist

whose

father

also

ever

win

the

NobelwonPrize.Professor

Kornberg

used

to

studyingstudychemistryinHarvard,andthenreceivedhis

doctor

degree

in

Stanford.

Sincedoctor’s2003,

she

has

been

working

inStanfordheUniversity

School

of

Medicine.

This

was

isProfessor

Roger

D.

Kornberg.(一)本文介紹了2006年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主羅杰·科恩伯格教授。America→American

是前面人物的同位語，應(yīng)是指“美國人(American)”而不是“美國

(America)”。of→

in

表示在某方面獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，用介詞

in，若表示獲獎(jiǎng)原因用介詞for。此處通常用in，也有時(shí)用for。在great

help前加of

因?yàn)椤皁f+名詞”相當(dāng)于形容詞，在此作表語，of

great

help=veryhelpful。cure→curing

在介詞后作賓語要用動(dòng)名詞。去掉he

has

been前面的and

因?yàn)槠浜笫蔷渥?，而前面Sinceover

acenturyago是一個(gè)介詞短語，這個(gè)介詞短語中when引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。介詞短語與句子之間不用連詞。win→won

他父母也曾獲得過諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)金，用一般過去時(shí)才正確。studying→

study

指過去做某事，是used

to

dosth.。doctor→

doctor’s

表示“博士學(xué)位”是

doctor’s

degree，又如“碩士學(xué)位”是master’sdegree。she→

he

從上文可知這位科學(xué)家是男的。was→

is

從上文都是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)介紹該科學(xué)家的，可見他還活在世上，也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(二)Wu

Jianxiong,

a

female

Chinese-AmericanlaterUniversity.physicist,

was

born

in

Taicang

County,

JiangsuProvince

on

May

31st,

in

1912.

She

went

to

theUSA

for

farther

education

in

1936.

Four

yearsfurther

late,

she

got

the

doctor’s

degree

in

CaliforniadegreesAfter

that,

she

received

lots

of

doctor’sdegree

in

many

famous

universities

in

thetoUSA.

She

devoted

her

life

in

her

researchin

physics

and

won

many

prizes

in

the

USA

or

all

around

world.and

theShe

had

paid

much

attention

to

the

developdevelopmentof

science

and

technology

in

China,

and

shehas

been

back

to

hold

lecturesmany

timeshadsince

1973.

She

set

off

a

laboratory

underupher

name

in

Dongnan

University

in

1992.On

February

16th,

1997,she

died

ofheartdisease.（二）本文介紹了美籍華裔女物理學(xué)家吳健雄。去掉1912前的in

表示哪年哪月哪日時(shí)，前面具體某天前用on，后面的年份前不用介詞，只有逗號(hào)分開即可。farther→

further

表示“更遠(yuǎn)”用farther或further都可以，但表示程度“進(jìn)一步”時(shí)只能用further。late→later在“段時(shí)間+later”表示多久之后，用later。degree→

degrees

前面有l(wèi)ots

of修飾，可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)。in→to

因devote…to…是固定搭配。or→and

因美國與世界各地并是并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系。在world前加the

表示“世界”的world前習(xí)慣上總是加上the的。develop→

development

在the與of之間一定是名詞。has→

had

從下文看，她已逝世了，此句謂語應(yīng)是過去完成時(shí)，has改為had。off→

up

表示“建立一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室”是set

upalaboratory，而setoff是“動(dòng)身，出發(fā)，使爆炸”的意思。單元詞匯串記Eva

Stone

Defeats

a

Strange

DiseaseAs

the

constructionof

the

newly-builtfirework

factory

came

to

fine

fitment

stage,

apump,

which

provides

the

factory

with

dailywater,

was

installed.

Several

days

later,

dozens

ofpainters

in

the

neighbourhood

were

defeated

bya

severe

disease,

whose

characteristic

was

aliketo

getting

a

high

fever.An

expert

physician,

Eva

Stone

was

instructed

toattend

to

the

victims

and

handle

this

emergency.He

was

enthusiastic

about

his

work

but

failed

toforesee

it

was

a

difficult

challenge.After

simple

enquiries,

he

decidedly

announcedthat

the

polluted

paint

applied

to

the

surface

ofthe

pump

was

to

blame.

Due

to

the

lack

ofpositive

evidence,

people

suspected

and

rejectedhis

viewpoint,

saying

the

theory

he

put

forwardmade

no

sense.

Realizing

that

he

had

to

find

outconvincing

evidence,

Eva

Stone

was

strictwithhimself

and

contributed

himself