2021年浙江高考英語復(fù)習練習講義：專題十七概要寫作

專題十七概要寫作探考情悟真題【考情探究】考點考查內(nèi)容考查方式 考情分析2019-062018-11 2018-06 2017-112017-06考點考查內(nèi)容考查方式 考情分析2019-062018-11 2018-06 2017-112017-06.對原文主旨及要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的概要寫2.概括要點時語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯短文，要求考生基于該如何有效 建議參觀要作 應(yīng)用的準確性； 短文寫出一篇60詞左右表揚孩子 去讀的大學(xué).文章上下文的連貫性；的內(nèi)容概要.各要點表達的獨立性。分析解讀根據(jù)高考綜合改革試驗區(qū)英語科目考試說明，寫作的第二節(jié)是讀后續(xù)寫或概要寫作。兩種形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。新高考實行的六次考試中，前四次是讀后續(xù)寫，最近的兩次是概要寫作。從概要寫作的特點和考試的次數(shù)分布情況看，今后考到概要寫作的可能性還是很大的。概要寫作是綜合性的寫作考查。要求考生首先對原文章有準確的理解,對原文的結(jié)構(gòu)和要點有準確的把握,然后再用準確、豐富的語言以及高級的語法結(jié)構(gòu)寫出包含所有要點的短文。所以,考生要想做好這道題,就必須注意以下幾點：⑴準確理解文章。⑵把握文章的各個要點。⑶使用準確的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、豐富的詞匯和合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。(4)使用自己的語言表述,不要照抄原文中的句子。【真題探秘】體戴：說明支2018浙江2018浙江11月真題再現(xiàn)概要寫作的文章一閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。概要寫作的文章一般都是說明文或議It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecause論文。文章結(jié)構(gòu)比較theirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwill清楚，段落之間的邏giveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollege輯關(guān)系也很緊密。campus（校園）likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,文章第一段開門見classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.It山，提出觀點：在你seemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisit申請大學(xué)之前，要去collegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouare親自看看目標大學(xué)。applyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,第二段特別指出一anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherigh定要去看看附近的one. 大學(xué)。There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,第二段的內(nèi)容是：如alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,and果你在申請之前沒obviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchof有去過，在申請之a(chǎn)possibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout! 后,或得到0ffer之前，一定要去看看，Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,atthevery免得將來后悔。leastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcan第四段的主要內(nèi)容saveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyou是:如果無法親自去don'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknow參觀的話，可以登錄unlessyouactuallyvisit. 網(wǎng)站了解相關(guān)的信息。Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors（顧問），anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.參考范文Itisawisechoiceforyoutopayapersonalvisittothecollegeyouareapplyingto,especiallytheonesthatareclosetoyou.（要點1）Inordertoavoidbeingregretful,youshouldatleastvisitthecollegeyoudecidedtoattend.5（點2）Ifalltheaboveisnotaffordable,itwillbehelpfultosearchtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLivewhereyoucangetthenecessaryinformation.（^^3）范文鑒賞?.范文準確地把握了各個段落的要點。.各個要點之間的連接都很順暢,相互關(guān)系密切。.文章使用了比較高級的詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Itisawisechoice;youareapplyingto;thatareclosetoyou;avoidbeingregretful;notaffordable;whereyoucangetthenecessaryinformation,破考點練考向【五年高考】Writing（2019浙江6月）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward."Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,“saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters."Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate相稱的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.答案［寫作提示］.本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了如何有效表揚孩子的問題。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,論點明確。.文章第一段指出過度的表揚不利于孩子的成長。第二段認為不表揚孩子也不好。第三段指出了表揚的核心:要關(guān)注過程而非結(jié)果。最后一段指出,我們要表揚孩子的努力,不必太過關(guān)注結(jié)果。.針對此類文章最好在概要中加入主旨句,先對文章的總體內(nèi)容給予介紹。Onepossibleversion:Howtopraiseourkidsisreallyasensitiveproblem.（主旨）Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraisingthekidsinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.（要點1）Ontheotherhand,nopraisealsodoesharmtokids'development.（要點2）Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldfocusontheprocessratherthantheendproduct.要點3）Therefore,whatweshouldpraiseisourkids'propereffort,regardlessoftheresult.（要點4）【三年模擬】A組2018—2020年模擬-基礎(chǔ)題組Writing1（2020屆浙江之江教育聯(lián)盟一模）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Anoldsayinggoesthatanearneighborisbetterthanadistantcousin.Thissayinghasfullyprovedthatneighborsaresosignificantinourlife.Inthepast,neighborshelpedoneanotherbuildhousesandclearfields.Theycouldoffertimelyhelpwhensomeonewasintrouble.Familiesdependedononeanotherforfriendshipandentertainment.Theysharedhappinessandsorrowfromtimetotime,whichbroughtaharmoniousatmosphere.However,nowadays,lackofcommunicationandinteractionbetweenneighborsisthenorm.Closerelationshipbetweenneighborsisnotcommoninourcities.Afamilymaynotevenknowtheotherfamiliesthatlivenextdoortothem.WeliveinanageofmachinesandtheInternet,andeachfamilyhasitsowncar,TVset,andwashingmachine.Peoplenolongerdependonneighborsasmuchastheyoncedid.MachinesandtheInternetkeeppeopleapart.Inourgrandparents'time,womenmetwhiletheyhungoutthewashing,andmenstoppedandtalkedwhiletheymowedtheirlawns.Today,theycan'thearanythingabovethenoiseoftheirpowerlawnmowers.Andwomenstayinsidewiththeirelectricaldryers.ChildrenareinsidewatchingtheirfavoriteTVshowsorplayingcomputergames.Istheideaofbeingagoodneighborold-fashioned?In1965,apowercuthitNewYorkCity,andthousandsofpeoplewerelefthelpless.Suddenlyeveryonesharedthesameproblem,andthelargestcitybecameagroupofeightmillionneighbors.Peoplewithcarsofferedridestothosewalking.Otherpeoplehelpeddirecttraffic.Trappedinelevators,peopleplayedwordgamesandhelpedkeepeachotheringoodspirits.Intimesoftrouble,peoplestilldependononeanother.Astimegoeson,peoplemayonceagainfeelthatbeingagoodneighborisimportant.答案［寫作提示］本文是說明文,文章介紹了過去和現(xiàn)在的鄰里關(guān)系。文章第一段指出了鄰居的重要性。第二段介紹了過去美好的鄰里關(guān)系。第三段介紹了現(xiàn)在的鄰居關(guān)系。最后一段通過描寫紐約市的一次停電事故發(fā)生后人們的表現(xiàn),展示了做一名好鄰居的重要性。寫作時，應(yīng)依據(jù)自然段概括要點。Onepossibleversion:Neighborsplayanimportantroleinourlife.要點1）Inthepast,neighborshelpedoneanotherandlivedaharmoniouslife.（要點2）Admittedly,owingtodevicesandtheInternet,neighborsdriftapart,resultinginlittlecontactbetweeneachothernow.（要點3）Nevertheless,undergoingapowerfailureenabledresidentsinNewYorkCitytobecomeneighbors,andtheyassistedandencouragedoneanother,whichillustratesthesignificanceandpopularityofbeingagoodneighbor.（要點4）Writing2（2020屆浙江嘉興一模）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Didyouknowthat60.2%ofUSfamiliesowndogs?That'saboutmillionfamilies.Besidesbeingafaithfulcompanion,thesefriendsalsoprovidemanyhealthbenefitsthatcanbetrulylife-changingforyourfitnessandwellness.Mostdogsneedtodotheirbusinessoutsidemanytimesperday,soyouareupandmovingmoreoftenthannon-petpeople.Adogownerspends300minutesperweekwalkingonaverage,comparedtoanon-petperson's168minutes.Frequentdailyexerciselowersyourbloodpressureandreducesyourchancesofsufferingfromheartdisease.Yourphysicalhealthisn'ttheonlythingthatgetsbetterwithacompaniondog.Youcanalsoimproveyourmentalwell-being.Peoplesufferingfromanxietyfindithelpfultohaveadogonhandthat'shappytoprovideassistance.Youncaindmanydogsoperatingasemotionalsupportanimals,andhelpingpeopleinstressfulsituationsfeelbetter.Ifyourdogisveryactive,youcouldfindyourselftakingyourfriendallovertheplace.Ifyoutakeyourdogtotheforest,youactuallyloweryourtendencytosuffernegativefeelings.Astudydiscoveredthatthepartofthebrainthatismostactivewhenyoudealwithnegativethingscalmsdownwhenyouspendtimeamongthetrees.Thedogownershiproutineallowsyoutobuildhealthyhabitsanditalsogivesyoutheopportunitytomakesocialconnections.Dogparksarefilledwithpeopleyoushareacommoninterestwith,andthereareplentyofpeoplewholovetogivedogsafriendlypat輕拍）duringwalks.Alloftheseareopportunitiestohavenewgreatfriendshipsandotheremotionalconnections.答案［寫作提示］本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了養(yǎng)狗的好處。文章第一段提出中心論點。第二段至第四段分別就中心論點進行闡述。注意把握各段的核心詞。Onepossibleversion:ManyUSfamilieshavedogsandthesecompanionanimalshelpimprovepeople'shealthinmanyways.要點1）Takingthedogforawalkeverydaycontributestophysicalhealth.要點2）Besides,dogs,whichcanofferpeopleemotionalsupportorgetthemclosetonature,bringpsychologicalbenefits.（要點3）Theyalsoprovidemorechancesofpositivesocialinteractionwithpeopleofthesameinterest.要（點4）Writing3（2019浙江寧波二模）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Nowadays,itismostprobablethatyouhaveanelectronicdeviceloadedwithhundredsoreventhousandsofyourfavouritesongs.Atanymoment,youcanfillyourheadphoneswiththesoundsofaparticularsongthatsuitsyourmoodatthatexacttime.Musicissocommon.Buthaveyourealizedthepowerofit?Areyougettingreadyforabigsoccermatchordoyouneedtogetexcited?Maybesomehiphopwithastrongbeatwilldothetrick!Besides,youmightbereadytostudyforabigexamthenextday.Tohelpyoustudybetter,alittlebitofMozartmightmakeyourememberthingsbetter.Wemayallhavebeenmovedbyparticularsongsthatspoketousinsomesituations.Butisthereanyscientificevidenceshowingthatmusicreallyhassuchaneffectonpeople?Ofcourse,thereis!Scientistshavelongrecognizedthepowerofmusic.Overtheyears,manystudieshavebeendonetoexamineingreaterdepththenatureandextentoftheeffectsmusichasonpeople.ScientistsattheUniversityofMissourihavefoundthatlisteningtomusiccanhavepositiveeffectsonyourmood.Theirresearchgivesscientificcredibility同靠性）tothebehaviorthatmanypeoplehavealreadyexperiencedontheirown:listeningtoupbeatmusiccanbrightenyourdayandboostyourmood.Otherstudieshaveshownthatupbeatmusicisn'ttheonlytypofmusicthatcanbehelpful,however.Whenpeoplearesadorhavesufferedasenseofloss,sadmusiccanbehelpfulbecausethetoneandlyricsofthemusiccanresonate引起共鳴）withthelisteners.Likewise,peopleunderalotofstressorexperiencingupsettingsituationscanbenefitfromlisteningtoangrymusic.Althoughangrymusicmightnothelpyouifyou'reinanormalmood,itstonecanbenefityouwhenyouaredealingwithstressfulandupsettingsituations.答案［寫作提示］本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了音樂對人們的益處。文章段落清楚要點明確。概要寫作時以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括。Onepossibleversion:Nowadays,withmoderndevices,musictoyourtasteiseasilyaccessible.要點1）Withitspower,musicmightbenefityouinmanyways.（要點2）Scientistshaveresearchedintothenatureandextentofmusic'seffectsonhumans.（要點3）ScientistsattheUniversityofMissourihaveprovenupbeatmusiccancheeryouup.（要點4）Besides,sadmusicandangrymusichavealsobeenfoundtobehelpful.^點5）Writing4（2019浙江溫州二模）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Formanyhighschoolstudents,givinganin-classpresentationisanapproachtotheirgrowth.Teacherswillcallupstudents,onebyone,topresenttheirworkinfrontoftheclass,and,thoughitisoftentense,manypeoplesayithashelpedturnthemintomoreconfidentpublicspeakers.Someeducatorsalsocredititwithbuildingleadershipskillsandincreasingstudents'confidenceandinderstandingofmaterials.Butinthepastfewyears,studentshavestartedcallingforanendtoin-classpresentationsastheyshowdiscriminationagainstthosewithanxiety.Thisweek,atweetpostedbya15-year-oldhighschoolstudentdeclaring“Stopforcingstudentstopresentinfrontoftheclassandgivethemachoicenotto”receivedmorethan130,000retweetsandnearlyhalfamillionlikes.Infact,beingahighschoolernowadaysismorestressfulthanever.Studentsareburdenedwithextrahoursofhomework.Theystayupeverynighttill1:00a.m.finishinghomeworkontheirthirdRedBull.Anxietyisincreasingatafasterratethandepression（抑郁）astheleadingmental-healthissueaffectingteenagers,arecentstudyintheJournalofDevelopmentalandBehavioralPediatricsfound.Thesestudentswantmoreoptions.Theysaythateverystudenthasuniquestrengthsandthattheyshouldbeallowedtopresenttheirworkinwaysthataredifferenttothosestrengths.Thismightmeanpresentingaloneinfrontoftheteacher,orchoosingbetweenseveralalternativeslikeproducingapieceofartoranessayforprivatejudgmentinsteadofpresentingtheirworkorally.Educatorshavebeguntotakeitseriously.Theyagreeteachersshouldlistentostudentsandheartheirvoicesandrespond.Ifstudents'feelingsareignored,theymightjustwalkaway.However,noteveryoneisconvinced.Someholdtheviewthatpushingstudentsoutofcomfortzonesisabigpartofwhattheyshoulddoassomestudentsaredeathlyafraidtodoit.答案［寫作提示］本文為議論文。文章討論了課堂展示是否有益的問題。概要以自然段為基礎(chǔ)注意攝取重點信息。Onepossibleversion:Givinganin-classpresentationisgenerallyconsideredanapproachbeneficialtostudents'development.（要點1）However,inthepastfewyears,studentshavestartedcallingforanendtoitduetothepossiblediscriminationagainstthosewithanxiety,whichputsgreatpressureonthestudents.（要點2）Theysaythateverystudenthasuniquestrengthsandthattheyshouldbeallowedopresenttheirworkintheirways.(§^3)Theirideahasdrawneducators’seriousattention.要點4)Writing5(2019浙江紹興柯橋聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Asisknown,ifweareunitednoonecandefeatus.Butifweconstantlyhaveconflictsormisunderstandings,wemayattractoutsiderstohaveanadvantageoverus,whichmayultimatelyresultinourfailure.Unityisthesourceofstrengthandpeoplewhoareunitedhavethecapabilitytotackleanykindofsituationastheyshareeachother'sburdensandhardships.Inoldendays,manlivedalone.Hetravelledandhuntedallbyhimself,whichsometimesgaveopportunitiestofierceanimalstoattackandkillhim.Thenherealizedthatifhejoinedhandswithotherhunters,hewouldbeabletofacesomecommondangerandchallenges.Thisishowvillagesgotformed,whichlatergotdevelopedintotownsandcities.Inthesportsground,beitcricket,football,baseball,basketballoranyotherkindsofsport,aunitedteamandanappropriatestrategymayresultinthesuccessoftheteam;butifthereisaconflictoranunhealthycompetitionorunnecessarymisunderstandingamongtheteammembers,theymayinvitetheopponentstotakeadvantageoftheirshortcomingsandwinthegame.Likewise,ifthemembersofafamilystaytogetherandsupporteachotherineveryphaseoflife,nooutsidercanharmthefamily.Therewasonceanoldmanwholivedinavillagewithhisthreesons.Thesonsalwaysfoughtwitheachotherandwouldnotpayanyattentiontotheirfather.Themanfellsickandassumedthathewoulddiesoon;hewasveryworriedabouttheideathatoncehedied,peoplewouldtakeadvantageofhissons'conflicts.Hecalledallhissonsandaskedthemtobreakabundleofsticks,onebyone.Noneofthemcoulddoit.Hethenuntiedthebundleandgaveeachsticktoeachoneofthemaskingthemtobreakit,whichtheycouldveryeasilyaccomplish.Hethentoldhissonsthattheyshouldstaylikethebundleofstickssothatnoonecanbreakthem,butiftheykeeponfighting,theywillbebrokenbytheoutsiderseasily.答案［寫作提示］本文是一篇議論文。文章認為，合作就能成功。注意把握要點，可以參考部分段落中的中心句。Onepossibleversion:Itiswellknownthatunitedwestandanddividedwefall.要點1)Inancienttimes,huntersmadejointeffortstocopewithdangerandchallenges,thusvillagesformedandlaterdevelopedintotownsandcities.要點2)Surely,unityhasagreatsignificanceinpeople'slives-whetherinthesportsgroundorinafamily.要點3)Thedyingman'sstoryofsticksalsoshowstheimportanceofunity.要點4)Writing6（2019浙江新思維聯(lián)盟）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Punishingchildrenisacontroversial有爭議的）topic.Everybodyhasdifferentopinionsabouthowtoacttocorrectachild'sbehavior.Peoplehavedisagreementsaboutwhetheritisgoodforachild'seducationtopunishhim.Theword“punish”meansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Punishmentcanbephysicaloremotional.Physicalpunishmentiswhentheparenthitsthechild.Ontheotherhand,emotionalpunishmentiswhentheparent,inordertoeducatethechild,doesn'tlethimwatchTV,gotoplaywithhisfriends,ordothingslikethat.Althoughmanysurveysandstudieshaveshowewhatthecorrectwayistoraiseachild,nobodyhastheanswerorthetruth.Thereisnosuchthingasagreedstandardsaboutraisingachild,soIthinkitwillbeverydifficulttogeteveryonetoagree.Ithinkparentsshouldlovetheirchildandgivehimthebesteducation,butatthesametime,theyshouldpunishthechildproperlyifhedeservesit.Parents'goalistohaveagoodmanorwomaninsocietyinthefuture,sosometimestheyshoulddowhatisnecessarytogettheirchildtobehavewell.答案［寫作提示］文章為議論文,討論了體罰孩子的優(yōu)缺點。概述時以自然段為基礎(chǔ)。注意第一段有中心句,但是需要進行改寫。Onepossibleversion:Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardspunishmentforchildren.要點1）Therearemainlyphysicalandemotionalpunishments.（要點2）Asamatteroffact,itisdifficulttofindagreedstandardstoraiseachild.要點3）Properpunishmentcanbeinstructiveandnecessarytochildrenwhileloveandeducationarethemostimportantforparentstomaketheirkidsbehavewell.（§^4）B組2018—2020年模擬-綜合題組Writing1（2020屆浙江名校協(xié)作體）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Wealreadyknowthattheunderwaterworldisanythingbutsilent.Itisfullofnaturalsoundsproducedbyanimalsandbythemotionoftheatmosphereandwater.Buttoday'sresearchersareincreasinglyconcernedabouttheman-madenoisesunderthewater.Theyareconfusingwhalesandothermarineanimals.Althoughhearingisimportanttoallanimals,thespecialqualitiesoftheunderseaworldemphasizetheuseofsound.Underwatersoundallowsmarineanimalstogatherinformationandcommunicateatgreatdistancesandfromalldirections.Loudunderwaternoisescancausedamagetotheirhearing.Andnowadaysit'sbecomingtoomuchformarinewildlife.Evidenceshowsthatwhaleswillswimhundredsofmiles,rapidlychangetheirdepth,andevenbeachthemselvestogetawayfromthesoundsofsonar.Youmightthinklowernoises,typicallycausedbyshippingorconstruction,donotposeathreattomarineanimals.Infact,whiletheymaynotkilltheanimalsdirectly,theycandisturbtheirabilitytolocatefood,findmatesandavoidpredators（捕食性動物）.Scientistslookedattheeffectsofnoisefromsmallmotorboatsoncoral-reeffishattheGreatBarrierReefinAustralia.Inthelab,thefishhadbeentrainedtorecognizethesmellofthreecommonpredatorsasathreat.Somefishweretrainedinthepresenceofboatnoise,whiletheothershadtrainingwiththenaturalsoundsoftheocean.Itturnedoutthatthefirstgroupshowednofrightwhenexposedtothepredators.However,theothergroupwasscared.Andundertheinfluenceofunderwaternoiseinthisgroup,only20percentofthefishsurvived.Humansrelyontheoceanforitsnaturalresourcesandbiodiversity.Theoceanalsoplaysanimportantroleinregulating（調(diào)節(jié)）temperatures.AsCousteausaid,“Formostofhistory,manhashadtofightnaturetosurvive;inthiscenturyheisbeginningtorealizethat,inordertosurvive,hemustprotectit.”答案［寫作提示］本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人造的噪音對海洋動物的傷害,并呼吁人們要保護海洋、保護環(huán)境。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,自然段自成要點。概括時應(yīng)準確把握各段的核心詞。Onepossibleversion:Althoughtheunderwaterworldisnotsilent,man-madesoundisdoinggreatharmtomarineanimals.（§^1）Importantasunderwatersoundistoanimalsthere,loudnoisesintheseathreatentheirnormallife.要點2）Accordingtoscientists'research,thesurvivalrateoffishdropssharplyundertheinfluenceofnoise,whetherloudornot.（要點3）Thus,withtheimportanceoftheoceantotheenvironmentandtemperature,peoplemustprotectitratherthanfightit.（要點4）Writing2（2020屆浙江綠色評價聯(lián)盟一模）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Nowadays,moreandmorecollegestudentshavenoproblemwalkingintoaclassroomandopeningtheirlaptops.Othersmayspendanentirestudyperiodwithasmartphone.Somepeoplearguethattheincreasinguseoftechnologycanhavemanyhelpfuleffectsonsociety.Butrecentresearchsuggeststhatusingtechnologyduringclasstimemayharmcollegestudents'abilitytorememberandprocessthesubjectmaterial.ArnoldGlass,aprofessoratRutgersUniversityinNewJersey,andastudentresearcherinvestigatedtheissueofdividedstudentattention.Thestudyinvolved118Rutgersstudentswhoweretakingthesamelevelofcollegeclass.Thestudentswerepermittedtouseanyelectronicdeviceduringhalfoftheirdailyclassperiods.Duringtheotherhalfnoonewasallowedtouseanytechnology.Theresearchersfoundthattheaveragedailyquizresultsshowednoevidenceofharmfuleffectsfromtheuseoftechnology.However,theaverageresultsoflargertestsandthefinalexamshowedthatallthestudentsperformedpoorlywhentheywerepermittedtousetechnologyintheclassroom.Glassarguesthatitshowstheuseofelectronicdevicesintheclassroompreventsstudentsfromprocessinginformation.Whenthestudentshearwhattheprofessorissaying,theymightbebuyingthingsonlineorreadingunrelatedemailsatthesametime.Andthat,Glasssays,makesitharderfortheinformationtoenterintotheirlong-termmemory.Eventhoughthestudentsknowwhattheprofessorsaidatthattime,theynolongerrememberitaweeklaterbecausetheymissedtheopportunity.However,LaurenMargulieux,anassistantprofessoratGeorgiaStateUniversityinAtlantaarguesthattherearetimeswhenclassroomuseoftechnologyisunavoidable.So,hesays,educatorsneedtoconsiderthatsomethingotherthantechnologyisdistractingstudents.Infact,aspecialsoftwareprogramhasbeencreated.Studentscanusetheprogram,whichengagesstudentsmorewiththeclassmaterialontheirpersonaldevicesduringagivenclass.Itcanalsobeusedtoobservestudentactivityandpreventthemfromopeningunrelatedpagesandprograms.答案［寫作提示］文章論述了電子設(shè)備對大學(xué)生學(xué)習的影響。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚段落主旨清晰。概要時可根據(jù)文章的段落組織要點,并注意各個要點之間的自然銜接。Onepossibleversion:Recentresearchshowsusingtechnologyinclassmaypreventcollegestudentsfromrememberingandprocessinginformationwell.（要點1）Theresearch,whichinvolved118studentsparticipatingfoundthatinthelongrunthestudents'performanceswerepoorwhenusingtechnologybecausetheyweredistracted.（要點2）Butanotherresearcherthinkssomethingelseexcepttechnologyistoblamefordistractingstudents.（要點3）Fortunately,aspecialsoftwareprogramhasbeenmadetokeepstudentsfocused.（要點4）Writing3（2020屆浙江東陽質(zhì)檢）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Highschoolexittestsareteststhatstudentsmustpasstograduatefromhighschool.Inthelastfewyears,however,anumberofstatesinAmericahavedroppedthem.Althoughsomestatesstillusethemfordiplomas,thenumberisdownfromahighof27statesduringthetestingcrazepromotedbytheNoChildLeftBehindAct（NCLB）.Theappearanceofthisphenomenonissmallwonder.Researchesclearlyshowthatexittestshavelittlepositiveeffectonstudents.A2014reportfoundexittestingwasassociatedwithlowergraduationrates,negativelyaffectedlabormarketoutcomes,andmostalarmingly,produceda12.5percentincreaseinincarceration（監(jiān)禁）rates.Exitexams,thestudyconcluded,hadtendedtoaddlittlevaluetomoststudents.Exittestingreliesonthefollowingassumptions.Oneisthatstandardizedtestingcanserveasakindof“qualitycontrol”forhighschoolgraduates,guaranteeingthatgraduatesarecollegeready.Theotheristhattheyhavepredictablevalueforfuturesuccessinacademicsituations.Butthereislittleevidence.Thetestsdon'texactlymeasurewhattheypretendtomeasure.Forexample,qualitiessuchasintelligence,academicability,collegereadinessarenotdetermined.Thosethatshouldbedevelopedinallyoungpeople,likeresponsibility,criticalthinking,andempathy移情），arenotmeasured,either.Evensupportersofexittestshaveacknowledgedthattheydon'tofferreliabledata.Thus,moreandmorepeoplearesuggestingthatexittestscoresoughttobejustonecomponentofthehighschooldiploma.Schoolsshouldconsidermanyotherrecordsincludingcreditsearned,coursestaken,activities,service,projectsandotherelementsofacademicaccomplishmentsothatstudentscanbeevaluatedflexibly.Inotherwords,exittestscoresshouldneverbetheonlycriterionforhighschooldiplomas.答案［寫作提示］本文是說明文。文章介紹了美國很多州取消了高中畢業(yè)考試。文章第一段提出了話題。第二段和第三段指出高中畢業(yè)考試作為獲得高中文憑的唯一標準存在的問題。第四段作出總結(jié)。Onepossibleversion:HighschoolexittestshavebeencancelledbymanystatesinAmericainrecentyears.(要點1)Thisisnotsurprisingbecausestudiesshowtheydolittlegoodtostudentsandbringaboutmanyharmfulsocialconsequences.要點2)What'smore,insteadofensuring