教師資格之中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練A卷附答案

教師資格之中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練A卷附答案

單選題（共50題）1、Liberia，theoldestindependentNegrostateinWestAfrica，hasbeenstrugglingforsurvivaleversinceitsfoundationin1822．ProgresshasbeenhamperedbyconstanthostilitybetweentheAmericanA.AmericanNegroesinWestAfricaB.Liberia—apoorcountryC.LiberiaanditsdevelopmentD.Liberia—acountrywithrichrubberandiron【答案】C2、Passage1A.sheoftenfeltabandonedandunwantedB.shewasunwillingtolivewithhergrandmotherC.hergrandmotheroftenscoldedandpunishedherD.shecouldn'tdevelopgoodrelationshipswithothers【答案】A3、請(qǐng)閱讀短文。A.justrendsaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveriesB.comesupwithsolutioninmostnaturalwaysC.hasagreatdealoftroubledoingmentalarithmeticD.lackssomeofthequalitiesrequiredofscientist【答案】D4、You'dbettermakeamark__________youhaveanyquestionswhileyouarereadingthepassage.A.atwhichB.inwhereC.intheplaceD.where【答案】D5、You_________betoocautiouswhenyouaredrivingespeciallyonthefreeway.A.can'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.won't【答案】A6、TheheadoftheMuseumwas__________andletusactuallyexaminetheancientmanuscripts.A.promisingB.agreeingC.pleasingD.obliging【答案】D7、請(qǐng)閱讀短文，完成此題。A.ThepriceofoilandplastichasrisenB.ItisnotsuitableforcontaininggassydrinksC.ThepublicliketraditionalglassbottlesD.Shopkeepersdislikereusablebottles【答案】C8、Heresentedtowaitandexpectedtheminister__________himimmediatelyuponhisarrival.A.tobeasked;toseeB.beingasked;toseeC.tobeasked;seeingD.beingasked;seeing【答案】B9、Whatpurposedoespost-listeningactivitiesNOTserve?A.HelpingstudentsrelatethetextwiththeirpersonalexperienceB.OfferingstudentstheopportunitiesofextendingotherlanguageskillC.Practicingstudents’abilityofmatchingthepre-listeningpredictionswithcontentsofthetextD.Enablingstudentstohaveadiscussionaboutthetopic【答案】C10、請(qǐng)閱讀短文。A.Peopledon'tpayattentiontotheirhealthB.FewpeoplearewillingtosupporttravelmedicineC.MosttravellersfirmlybelievethattheywillbesafeD.Healthcomeslastcomparedwithothers【答案】B11、Duetothe__________influence,someChineselearnersofEnglishwronglypassivizeintransitiveverbslike"die",asin"Johnwasdiedlastyear".A.intedingualB.interculturalC.intralingualD.intmcultural【答案】C12、請(qǐng)閱讀短文，完成此題。A.shortlifespanB.lowdeathrateC.lowillnessrateD.goodhealthcondition【答案】B13、Whichstageofthespeakinglessonistheleastcontrolledbyteachers?A.PresentationB.PracticeC.PreparationD.Production【答案】D14、Passage1A.ThechemicalstheyusesometimespollutethewatersupplyB.TheyoftendamagethebuildingsthattheyaretryingtocoolC.TherearenotenoughCFCsintheworldtocoolallthebuildingsD.Themethodtheyusetocoolwateristhoughttoharmtheozonelayer【答案】D15、請(qǐng)閱讀Passagel，完成第小題。A.GenesB.EatinghabitsC.EnvironmentD.Medicalcondition【答案】A16、Whichofthefollowingwouldateacherencouragestudentstodoinordertodeveloptheircognitivestrategies?A.TomakeastudyplanB.TosummarizeastoryC.ToreadatextaloudD.Todopatterndrills【答案】B17、請(qǐng)閱讀Passage1，完成題：A.speedsupthebody'smetabolismB.slowsdisintegrationofbodytissuesC.preventsdamagetoorgansD.revivesdamagedorgans【答案】B18、Passage2A.makeproductlabelingsatisfyISOrequirementsB.seeallhouseholdproductsmeetenvironmentalstandardsC.warnconsumersofthedangerofso-calledgreenproductsD.verifytheeffortsofnon-pollutingproducts【答案】A19、Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence．Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith．Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers．Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn．Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual--thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbroughtup．Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable．A.MeasuringYourIntelligenceB.IntelligenceandEnvironmentC.TheCaseofPeterandMarkD.HowtheBrainInfluencesIntelligence【答案】B20、Passage1A.isharmfultoournetworksoffriendsB.willmisleadbehavioralstudiesC.occurswithoutourrealizingitD.canproducenegativehealthhabits【答案】C21、請(qǐng)閱讀Passage2，完成第小題。A.Thephrase"comingout"isusedingaycommunityB.Thephrase"comingout"meansrevealingofhomosexualityC.Themeaningofthephrase"comingout"hasnotchangedD.Thedevelopmentoftheuseof"comingout"【答案】D22、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTtrue?A.LanguageisasystemB.LanguageissymbolC.AnimalsalsohavelanguageD.Languageisarbitrary【答案】C23、Accordingtothemannerofthearticulation,/l/isconsideredtobetheonly__________inEnglish．A.stopB.fricativeC.approximantD.lateral【答案】D24、Themorpheme"-ceive"intheword"conceive"isa__________.A.stemB.rootC.allomorphD.suffix【答案】B25、Whatdoesateacherfocusonifhe/sheasksstudentstolisttheirideas,selectandexpandthoseideas,andthenmakeA.Students'readingskillsB.Students'translatingskillsC.Students'writingskillsD.Students'listeningskills【答案】C26、Asmodemlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse，andnottolaydownrulesfor“correct”linguisticbehavior，itissaidtobe_______．A.prescriptiveB.sociolinguisticC.descriptiveD.psycholinguistic【答案】C27、Passage2A.largestB.secondlargestC.thirdlargestD.fourthlargest【答案】B28、_________isthemainrhymingpatterninthesentence"Alice′sauntateapplesandacornsaroundAugust."A.ReverserhymeB.EndrhymeC.AssonanceD.Alliteration【答案】D29、Ifwe_______ourtesttomorrow,Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert.A.weren'ttohaveB.hadnotbeentohaveC.aren'ttohaveD.hadnothad【答案】A30、WhentheViaductdeMillauopenedinthesouthofFrancein2004,thistallestbridgeintheworldwonworldwideaccolades.Germannewspapersdescribedhowit“floatedabovetheclouds”with“eleganceandlightness”and“breathtaking”beauty.InFrance,paperspraisedthe“immense”“concretegiant.”WasitmerecoincidencethattheGermanssawbeautywheretheFrenchsawheftandpower?LeraBorodiskythinksnot.Inaseriesofcleverexperimentsguidedbypointedquestions,Boroditskyisamassingevidencethat,yes,languageshapesthought.Theeffectispowerfulenough,shesays,that“theprivatementallivesofspeakersofdifferentlanguagesmaydifferdramatically,”notonlywhentheyarethinkinginordertospeak,“butinallmannerofcognitivetasks,”includingbasicsensoryperception.“Evenasmallflukeofgrammar”—thegenderofnouns—“canhaveaneffectonhowpeoplethinkaboutthingsintheworld,”shesays.A.PeoplerememberwhattheysawbothvisuallyandverballyB.LanguagehelpstoshapewhatandhowweperceivetheworldC.GrammarhasaneffectonhowpeoplethinkaboutthingsaroundusD.Sciencehasonlyscratchedthesurfaceofhowlanguageaffectsthought【答案】A31、Whenhecamein,hefoundthatpaperclips,drawingpinsandsafety-pinswere__________alloverthefloor.A.scatteredB.sprayedC.dispersedD.separated【答案】A32、Passage2A.isnowenjoyinglegalsupportB.disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountryC.wasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfoundersD.willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions【答案】A33、TheNeutralityofAmericanintheEarlyWorldWarIIA.watchfulB.isolationistC.peacefulD.indifferent【答案】B34、Allthings__________,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsidered【答案】A35、Whatshouldyouthinkaboutintryingtofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinanengineeringcareer.AgirlwhospellswellandlikesEnglishmaybegoodatofficework.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyspeciallystrongorweaksubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandard.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Aknowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobsbutifhistoryisoneofyourgoodsubjectsyouwillhavelearnedtorememberfactsanddetails.Thisisanabilitythatcanbeusefulinmanyjobs.A.awasteoftimethatcouldhavebeenspentonstudyB.usefulforhisfutureworkC.agoodwaytoearnextramoneyD.agoodwaytofindouthisweakpoints【答案】B36、Todeveloptheskilloflistening,theteacherasksstudentstolearnseveralnewwordsthatwillappearinthelisteningpassageandpredictwhatthelisteningmaterialisabout.Whichstageisitatinlisteningclassnow?A.WarmingupB.Pre-listeningC.While-listeningD.Post-listening【答案】B37、Passage1A.positiveB.subjectiveC.negativeD.objective【答案】D38、--Shedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday,didshe?A.No,shedidn'tB.No,shedidC.Yes,shedidn'tD.Yes,shedid【答案】A39、Whichofthefollowingactivitiescanbeusedtocheckstudents′understandingofdifficultsentencesinthetextA.ParaphrasingB.Blank-fillingC.Story-tellingD.Summarizing【答案】A40、請(qǐng)閱讀短文，完成第小題。A.TolerantB.UnconcernedC.DisgustedD.Discouraged【答案】C41、Ithasbeensuggestedthatallgovernmentofficials__________informationontheirA.dissentB.discloseC.unfoldD.uncover【答案】B42、Onequestionthatallapproachesoflanguageteachingshouldansweris“_______”A.WhatisamothertongueB.Whatisasecond／foreignlanguageC.WhatisEnglishD.Whatislanguage【答案】D43、AccordingtoBritainlinguistF.Palmer,therearenorealsynonyms.Though“cast”and“throw”areconsideredsynonyms,theyaredifferentin__________.A.styleB.collocationC.emotivemeaningD.regionswheretheyareused【答案】A44、請(qǐng)閱讀Passage1,完成第小題。A.ThedrivingdynamicforcesforallstudentswhoneedtosurviveinsocietyB.Confidence,optimism,andpersistencethatstudentsneedinordertosucceedC.DifferentiatedlevelsofcompetencespecifiedforstudentswithdifferentabilitiesD.Themissionsofstudentswhowanttobeatothersintheirachievementraceinschool【答案】C45、Whatdoesateacherfocusonifhe/sheasksstudentstolisttheirideas,selectandexpandthoseideas,andthenmakeA.Students'readingskillsB.Students'translatingskillsC.Students'writingskillsD.Students'listeningskills【答案】C46、請(qǐng)閱讀短文，完成此題。A.ThereshouldbeanationalfundingmodelB.CostofdeliveringeducationshouldnotbethemajorconcernofschoolfundingC.Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenincreasedexpenditureandraisingstandards,D.Theeducationaldepartmentschoolshouldcontroltheallocationoffundingtoindependentschool【答案】A47、Don’tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms_______youcouldhaveproblems．A.orB.andC.butD.so【答案】A48、TheritualofEnglishteatimeisbelievedtohaveoriginatedinthelate1700'swhenAnna,DuchessofBedford,orderedthataplateofcakesbesentuptoherwithherafternooncupoftea.TheDuchesschronicallyexperienceda“sinkingfeeling”(whatwewouldterm“l(fā)owbloodsugar”)inthelateafternoon.Totideheroverthelonghoursbetweenmealssheturnedtocarbohydrates.A.QuotationB.FlashbackC.ConcreteexampleD.Comparisonandcontrast【答案】B49、Whatthelittleboygotfromhisfatherwas__________magazine.A.alargeinterestingFrenchB.aninterestingFrenchlargeC.aFrenchlargeinterestingD.aninterestinglargeFrench【答案】D50、Whichofthefollowingexercisesisintendedtopracticethecommunicativeuseof"Doyouhave….?"and"Ihave"'A.ChangingonesentencepatterntotheotherB.ApplyingthosesentencepatternsinaconversationC.ListeningtothetapeandwritingdownthesentencesD.Substitutingtheobjectsinthesentenceswiththewordsgiven【答案】B大題（共10題）一、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。下面是某初中課堂實(shí)錄的教學(xué)片段。T:Ok!Next,let′sreadthetextandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraph．Readthepassageandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraph．(5minuteslater)T:Now,whocanshowustheanswer?S1:B,A,C,F,E．T:Youareclever,but,doyouhaveanyotherideasforParagraph3?S1:Ohsorry,It′sD．T:Excellent!Nowwehaveknownthemainmeaningofeachparagraph．Thistimelet′sreadeachparagraphcarefully．Then,makeagroupdiscussionandtrytofillintheform．10minutesplease．(10minuteslater．)T:Timeisup．Whichgroupwantstoshowyourformtous?Ok,Group1．S2:．．．T:Welldone．Doyouagreewiththem?【答案】(1)教學(xué)目標(biāo)：知識(shí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠知道文章的主要內(nèi)容，以及文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息。能力目標(biāo)：通過(guò)泛讀和精讀兩個(gè)任務(wù)的分層訓(xùn)練，學(xué)生的閱讀能力有所提升，能掌握尋讀的閱讀策略。情感目標(biāo)：通過(guò)小組活動(dòng)，學(xué)生能夠提高合作意識(shí)，體驗(yàn)合作學(xué)習(xí)的快樂(lè)。(2)該教學(xué)片段屬于閱讀教學(xué)中的新課講授環(huán)節(jié)。在本環(huán)節(jié)中，教師安排了初讀感知和精細(xì)研讀兩個(gè)部分的閱讀訓(xùn)練。層層深入地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極探索新知，通過(guò)具體任務(wù)的設(shè)置訓(xùn)練了學(xué)生的閱讀能力，使學(xué)生掌握尋讀的閱讀策略。在教學(xué)中運(yùn)用了小組合作的學(xué)習(xí)方式，提高了學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和合作意識(shí)。(3)該教師采用的反饋方式是口頭反饋、啟發(fā)學(xué)生自己改錯(cuò)的方式。在外語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，教師不應(yīng)該像監(jiān)控器一樣監(jiān)控學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言輸出。教學(xué)的最終目的是要促進(jìn)遷移發(fā)生，也就是說(shuō)，要啟發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用自己已經(jīng)掌握的知識(shí)對(duì)自己的交際進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，自己改正錯(cuò)誤。所以，該教師的做法啟發(fā)了學(xué)生的思維，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題并改正，從而能更好地提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率，達(dá)到語(yǔ)言訓(xùn)練的目的。同時(shí)，該教師的反饋具有激勵(lì)性，學(xué)生回答出錯(cuò)是很正常的情況，教師對(duì)此給予積極的鼓勵(lì)會(huì)幫助學(xué)生樹(shù)立學(xué)習(xí)的自信心，培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。二、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：請(qǐng)閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語(yǔ)言素材，設(shè)計(jì)一節(jié)課的教學(xué)方案。該方案沒(méi)有固定格式，但須包含下列要點(diǎn)：Teachingobjectives？Teachingcontents？Keyanddifficultpoints？Majorstepsandtimeallocation？Activitiesandjustifications？教學(xué)時(shí)間：45分鐘？學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)高中一年級(jí)第一學(xué)期學(xué)生，班級(jí)人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學(xué)生已經(jīng)達(dá)到《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（實(shí)驗(yàn)）》五級(jí)水平。學(xué)生課堂參與積極性一般。語(yǔ)言素材：TheAncientOlympicGames？TheoriginalOlympicGameswerepartofanimportantreligiousfestivaltohonortheGreekgods,es-peciallyZeus.TheywereheldinavalleyinOlympiaeveryfouryearsandmenfromalltheGreekcitystatesattended.Womendidnotcompeteinthegamesorevenattend.ThefirstrecordoftheOlympicGamesdatesfrom778BC,buttheywereprobablyestablishedhundredsofyearsbeforethat.？Atfirsttherewasonlyonecompetitioninthegames--a200mfootrace.ThedistancewasbasedonamythabouttheheroHerculeswhowassaidtohaverunthisdistanceinonebreath.AtlaterotherOlympiceventswereintroduced,includinga365meteranda5kilometerrace,boxingandwreathing,chariotracesandthepentathlonjumping,running,javelin,discusandwrestling.？AthletescametoOlympiatotrainfull-timefor10months.Astheywereallowedtocompete,theywereexaminedbyacommitteeof10mentomakesuretheywereofgoodcharacterandphysicallyfit.Allwarsbetweencitieshadtostopforthefivedaysofthegames.？【答案】Teachingobjectives:（1）Knowledgeobjectives①Studentscanmastertherelatedwordsaboutolympics.②StudentscanunderstandthepassageandspeakouttheirthoughtsabouttheOlympicGames.（2）AbilityobjectiveStudentscanbrieflydescribetheOlympicGamesandexpressitinwrittenforn.（3）EmotionobjectiveStudentswillgettoknowmoreaboutOlympicGamesandtheOlympicspirit.Teachingcontents:ThislessoncontainssomenewwordsaboutOlympicsandabriefdescriptionoftheancientOlympicGames.Teachingkeyanddifficultpoints:Teachingkeypoints:MakestudentsunderstandthepassageandhelpthemexpresstheirideasabouttheOlympicGames.三、根據(jù)題目要求完成任務(wù)，用中文作答。請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)述語(yǔ)流層次的語(yǔ)音教學(xué)內(nèi)容與方法。【答案】語(yǔ)流層次的語(yǔ)音教學(xué)包括句子重音、節(jié)奏、意群和停頓、連讀和失去爆破、語(yǔ)調(diào)等。(1)在句子重音的教學(xué)中，教師可以結(jié)合課文錄音進(jìn)行教學(xué)，在語(yǔ)境中講解和規(guī)范句子重音的變化規(guī)則。(2)在英語(yǔ)節(jié)奏教學(xué)中，教師要突出強(qiáng)調(diào)英語(yǔ)節(jié)奏的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)要注意重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)的音長(zhǎng)、音強(qiáng)差別，通過(guò)直觀教學(xué)手段讓學(xué)生掌握英語(yǔ)節(jié)奏。學(xué)生掌握節(jié)奏的特點(diǎn)之后，可讓學(xué)生邊用手打節(jié)拍邊模仿練習(xí)。(3)在意群和停頓教學(xué)中．教師可結(jié)合課文或長(zhǎng)句講解意群和停頓的涵義和規(guī)律，示范朗讀和帶讀長(zhǎng)句或語(yǔ)段．幫助學(xué)生體會(huì)和模仿，逐步學(xué)會(huì)劃分意群和停頓，養(yǎng)成按意群朗讀的習(xí)慣。(4)在連讀和失去爆破教學(xué)中，教師可以句子或語(yǔ)篇為單位，在語(yǔ)境中講解連讀和失去爆破的規(guī)則，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體會(huì)連讀和失去爆破對(duì)語(yǔ)流的影響，并組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行朗讀和口語(yǔ)活動(dòng)，讓學(xué)生反復(fù)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。(5)在語(yǔ)調(diào)教學(xué)中，教師應(yīng)讓學(xué)生感知英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)的升調(diào)、降調(diào)、升降調(diào)、降升調(diào)和平調(diào)五種調(diào)型。教師應(yīng)選取典型例句，在學(xué)生反復(fù)聽(tīng)示范、充分感知正確語(yǔ)調(diào)的基礎(chǔ)上，再簡(jiǎn)要講解特點(diǎn)，然后讓學(xué)生參與各種模仿練習(xí)。四、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。課后作業(yè)布置體現(xiàn)“差異性原則”。簡(jiǎn)述你對(duì)“差異性原則”的理解，并從作業(yè)類(lèi)型、作業(yè)難度和作業(yè)量三個(gè)方面舉例說(shuō)明如何布置作業(yè)?！敬鸢浮?1)課后作業(yè)的差異性原則是指作業(yè)要分層次。課堂教學(xué)要遵循因材施教的原則，作業(yè)布置也一樣，需要考慮學(xué)生的個(gè)性差異，重視學(xué)生的個(gè)性發(fā)展。作業(yè)內(nèi)容要適應(yīng)不同層次學(xué)生的不同的心理特征。要利用每個(gè)學(xué)生在興趣、動(dòng)機(jī)、意志、能力、思維品質(zhì)等方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，促進(jìn)其知識(shí)的鞏固與增長(zhǎng)。對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)程度不同的學(xué)生要有不同的要求．不能搞“一刀切”。要讓優(yōu)等生吃得飽，也要讓學(xué)困生不感到太難。要讓每個(gè)學(xué)生都有成就感，都感到自己在進(jìn)步。使他們都能有收獲，都能享受到成功的快樂(lè)。比如當(dāng)完成一個(gè)單元的教學(xué)內(nèi)容后，給優(yōu)等生布置綜合性的作業(yè)，包括寫(xiě)作、翻譯、復(fù)述課文等；給學(xué)困生布置容易一點(diǎn)的作業(yè)，如單詞記憶、補(bǔ)充句子、背誦課文等。(2)布置作業(yè)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下三個(gè)方面：①類(lèi)型多樣。作業(yè)按其形式可分為聽(tīng)力作業(yè)、口語(yǔ)作業(yè)與書(shū)面作業(yè)；按其內(nèi)容可分為課時(shí)作業(yè)、課本劇表演作業(yè)、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查作業(yè)、采訪型作業(yè)、辯論型作業(yè)、實(shí)踐操作型作業(yè)等。按照英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)律，學(xué)生必須吸收相當(dāng)數(shù)量的語(yǔ)言材料，并經(jīng)過(guò)一定的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐，才能獲得運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)交際的能力，因此聽(tīng)力、口語(yǔ)作業(yè)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)科必要的練習(xí)形式。設(shè)計(jì)多元化的口頭作業(yè)，如朗讀、閱讀、背誦、復(fù)述、答問(wèn)等，有助于打好語(yǔ)音基礎(chǔ)，提高學(xué)習(xí)興趣，調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生積極性。在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)是相輔相成、互相促進(jìn)的。因此，設(shè)計(jì)作業(yè)要全面，既有筆頭作業(yè)，也要有口頭和聽(tīng)力作業(yè)，這樣學(xué)生才能在作業(yè)中提高綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。②難易適中。作業(yè)過(guò)難，基礎(chǔ)差的學(xué)生干脆不寫(xiě)，或者抄襲別人的作業(yè)；作業(yè)過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單，基礎(chǔ)好的同學(xué)會(huì)感覺(jué)毫無(wú)挑戰(zhàn)。因此，教師設(shè)計(jì)作業(yè)要充分考慮到學(xué)生的個(gè)體差異，把握好作業(yè)的難度設(shè)置。作業(yè)布置可分為三個(gè)檔次：基礎(chǔ)作業(yè)、提高作業(yè)和拔尖作業(yè)。后進(jìn)生做基礎(chǔ)作業(yè)，可選做提高作業(yè)；中等生做基礎(chǔ)作業(yè)和提高作業(yè)．可選做拔尖作業(yè)：優(yōu)等生三類(lèi)作業(yè)都要做。這樣，優(yōu)等生不會(huì)因?yàn)椤俺圆伙枴倍p視作業(yè)，他們會(huì)在原有的基礎(chǔ)上更進(jìn)一步；中等生會(huì)有“跳一跳，夠得著”的進(jìn)取精神；后進(jìn)生通過(guò)做一些相對(duì)較容易的作業(yè)，獲取成功的喜悅和自信，并產(chǎn)生“有投入就有收獲”的感覺(jué)，從而重視課堂聽(tīng)講和作業(yè)完成，真正地投入學(xué)習(xí)，形成良性循環(huán)，逐步提高成績(jī)。③作業(yè)量適中。作業(yè)太少，達(dá)不到目的；作業(yè)太多，會(huì)使學(xué)生望而生畏，甚至?xí)p害學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的積極性。教師應(yīng)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)，主要進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)方法的探索和知識(shí)的系統(tǒng)歸類(lèi)。因此，教師應(yīng)把握好作業(yè)的量。五、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。以下是兩位老師為學(xué)生布置的作業(yè)：Teacher1Step4:Homework1.Writenewwordsandphrasesonthenotebook.2.Finishexercise3onPage21.(Textbook)3.Finishexerciseson24.(Exercisebook)Teacher2Step4:Homework1.Findsomerelativeinformationabouttoday'slessonontheInterent.2.Shareyourfindingswithyourgroupmembersandpresenttothewholestudentsnextclass.請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給材料回答下面3個(gè)問(wèn)題。(1)分析兩位老師布置作業(yè)的特點(diǎn)，并指出其不足之處。(10分)【答案】(1)第一位教師布置作業(yè)的特點(diǎn)是作業(yè)布置緊貼考試內(nèi)容，注重知識(shí)的掌握。不足：比較枯燥，死板，無(wú)法引起學(xué)生的興趣；作業(yè)量太大。第二位老師布置作業(yè)的特點(diǎn)是注重鍛煉學(xué)生收集資料、自主學(xué)習(xí)、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的能力。不足：作業(yè)的完成缺乏有效的監(jiān)督，很難落實(shí)學(xué)生是否認(rèn)真搜集資料并與小組其他同學(xué)進(jìn)行了分享和討論。(2)注意事項(xiàng)：①作業(yè)的形式。作業(yè)形式要新穎有趣，不只是抄寫(xiě)單詞、句型、語(yǔ)篇，因?yàn)樗鼨C(jī)械地重復(fù)，枯燥無(wú)味，會(huì)失去挑戰(zhàn)性，無(wú)法引起學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。②作業(yè)的量。過(guò)多的練習(xí)，會(huì)使學(xué)生感到望而生畏。部分學(xué)生一開(kāi)始作業(yè)認(rèn)真，由于量大難度大就馬虎起來(lái)，亂填一氣。因此，教師在布置作業(yè)的時(shí)候要把握好作業(yè)的量與難度。③作業(yè)的難度。作業(yè)過(guò)難，基礎(chǔ)差的學(xué)生干脆不寫(xiě)，或者抄襲別人的作業(yè)；作業(yè)過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單，基礎(chǔ)好的同學(xué)會(huì)感覺(jué)毫無(wú)挑戰(zhàn)。因此，教師設(shè)計(jì)作業(yè)要充分考慮到學(xué)生的個(gè)體差異．把握好作業(yè)的難度設(shè)置。④作業(yè)布置的有效性。老師布置的口頭作業(yè)，如記憶語(yǔ)篇、和同伴編一段情景對(duì)話、用英語(yǔ)向家人介紹某人某物等等，由于沒(méi)有有效地監(jiān)督和及時(shí)有效地檢查，有的學(xué)生忽視了這項(xiàng)作業(yè)，失去了鍛煉口頭交際能力和語(yǔ)言的綜合運(yùn)用能力的機(jī)會(huì)。針對(duì)此現(xiàn)象，教師在布置作業(yè)時(shí)要確保作業(yè)的有效完成。(3)常見(jiàn)的英語(yǔ)作業(yè)形式有：課時(shí)作業(yè)、課本劇表演作業(yè)、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查作業(yè)、采訪型作業(yè)、開(kāi)放型作業(yè)、實(shí)踐操作型作業(yè)、辯論型作業(yè)。六、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語(yǔ)言素材，設(shè)計(jì)20分鐘的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)方案。教案沒(méi)有固定格式，但必須包含下列要點(diǎn)：·teachingobjectives·teachingcontents·keyanddifficultpoints·majorstepsandtimeallocation·activitiesandjustifications教學(xué)時(shí)間：20分鐘學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)高中一年級(jí)學(xué)生，班級(jí)人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學(xué)生已經(jīng)達(dá)到《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))》五級(jí)水平。學(xué)生課堂參與積極性一般。語(yǔ)言素材：DearZhouKai,HowareyouWe′redoingaclasssurveyandIhavetowriteemailstoallmypenfriendsinothercountries.Ihopeyoudon′tmindansweringthesequestions.1DomostadultssmokeinChina【答案】TeachingContents:Thislessonisfromseniorhighschool,anditmainlytalksabouttheadultsmokingissues.Paulismakingasurveyonadultsmoking,sohewritesemailstoallhispenfriendsinothercountriestoseekforhelp.TeachingObjectives:(1)Knowledgeobjectives①Studentscanmasterthebasicstructureofanemail.②StudentscangetmoreinformationaboutsmokingissuesinChina.(2)Abilityobjectives①Studentscanimprovetheirwritingandspeakingabilities.②Studentscanexpresstheiropinionaboutthesmokingissuesindailylife.(3)Emotionalobjectives①StudentscanfostertheinterestanddesireoflearningEnglish,andbefondoftakingpartinclassactivities.②Studentscangettheawarenessofavoidingsmokingandkeepingagoodhealth.TeachingKeyandDifficultPoints:(1)TeachingkeypointStudentscangettoknowhowtowriteanemailtoanalyzethephenomenonofsmokinginChina.七、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。下面是一位初中英語(yǔ)教師在語(yǔ)音教學(xué)中使用的練習(xí)。Teacher′sinstruction:Lookatthewordsontheblackboard.TickthewordyouhearineachsentenceIread.Teacher′sreads:1.Idon′tlikethesesports.2.Thesepotsareverydirty.3.Lookatthatwhitecordonthewater.4.Mr.Smithwasshort.Studentstickthewordstheyhear:AB1.spotssports2.potsports【答案】(1)該片段的教學(xué)目的是鍛煉學(xué)生的辨音能力。通過(guò)在語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行辨音練習(xí)，提高學(xué)生辨別[D]和[:]的發(fā)音的能力；開(kāi)展語(yǔ)音教學(xué)，推進(jìn)學(xué)生聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)各項(xiàng)技能的發(fā)展。(2)該教師采用了以下兩種教學(xué)方法：①使用最小對(duì)立體分析音差，進(jìn)行辨音練習(xí)。在音位分析中，只涉及一個(gè)音素差別的對(duì)立體叫作最小對(duì)立體。該練習(xí)教師列出的四組詞使用的都是最小對(duì)立體。②采用有意義的語(yǔ)言練習(xí)活動(dòng)。教師不是孤立地讀出一個(gè)單詞讓學(xué)生選擇正確的答案，而是在通過(guò)句子讓學(xué)生理解句意的基礎(chǔ)之上選擇正確的發(fā)音。(3)該教學(xué)片段體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)音教學(xué)的原則有：①針對(duì)性原則。針對(duì)性原則指語(yǔ)音訓(xùn)練的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在有標(biāo)記的語(yǔ)音特征之上。教師要針對(duì)學(xué)生的困難進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的指導(dǎo)。這個(gè)練習(xí)主要訓(xùn)練[:]和[D]這一對(duì)長(zhǎng)短音的區(qū)別，體現(xiàn)了這一原則。②綜合性原則。語(yǔ)音教學(xué)并不是孤立的發(fā)音教學(xué)，教師應(yīng)該將音素、音標(biāo)、單詞、句子及語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)用等各個(gè)層面結(jié)合起來(lái)，把語(yǔ)音教學(xué)融入有意義、有情景的語(yǔ)言練習(xí)和任務(wù)性的語(yǔ)言訓(xùn)練中去，將語(yǔ)音同口語(yǔ)、交際、互動(dòng)等圍繞意思展開(kāi)的語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)結(jié)合起來(lái)，應(yīng)注意語(yǔ)義與語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)調(diào)與語(yǔ)流相結(jié)合。該教學(xué)片段中，教師把語(yǔ)音和單詞、句子結(jié)合起來(lái)，體現(xiàn)了這一原則。(4)能恰當(dāng)體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)音教學(xué)原則的其他三種方法有：①找出一組詞中讀音不相同的詞。教師連續(xù)讀幾個(gè)詞，有一個(gè)詞的發(fā)音與其他詞不同，請(qǐng)學(xué)生挑出發(fā)音不同的一個(gè)。該練習(xí)適用于音素教學(xué)和練習(xí)，體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)音教學(xué)的針對(duì)性原則，如by—buy—bye—bay(第四個(gè)不同)。②對(duì)比學(xué)習(xí)。把相近發(fā)音的一組元音或輔音放在一起，讓學(xué)生先聽(tīng)，然后對(duì)比學(xué)習(xí)，體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)音教學(xué)的準(zhǔn)確性原則，例如／s／和／θ／，／i／和／i：／等。③繞口令。繞口令可以調(diào)節(jié)氣氛，可以練習(xí)熟練程度，使學(xué)生在理解語(yǔ)句、語(yǔ)篇意義的基礎(chǔ)上，在輕松愉快的氣氛中，感受英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的節(jié)奏美．體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)音教學(xué)的趣味性原則。八、下面是兩位教師針對(duì)高一年級(jí)學(xué)生的作業(yè)布置。教學(xué)內(nèi)容為“Earthquakes”。Teacher1:Step4:Homework1.Copythephrasesandsentencepatternsonyournotebook.2.Finishexerciseintheworkbookofthisunit.3.Talkaboutwhatyouknowabouttheearthquakewithyourfriends.Teacher2:Step4:Homework1.Copythephrasesandsentencepatternsonyournotebook.2.Finishexerciseintheworkbookofthisunit.3.Workingroups.Searchmoreinformationabouttheearthquake.Andmakearepresentationnextclass.Presentationincludes:(1)Everyteammember′stask(2)Timeyouworkonthistask【答案】(1)作業(yè)的意義：①可以及時(shí)檢查聽(tīng)課的效果和掌握知識(shí)的程度，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)所學(xué)知