四級(jí)真題及答案詳解2005年6月

PassageA)Synthetic B)Solar D)A)Airtraffic B)TrafficjamsonRoad D)NewtrafficA)Gothroughahealth B)CarrylittleArriveearlyfor D)UndergosecurityPassageA)Inafast-food B)AtashopAtacounty D)InaA)AvoideatinganyPreparetherighttypeofpietoWashhishandsPracticeeatingapieA)Onthe B)BehindhisUnderhis D)OnhisA)LookingsidewaystoseehowfastyourneighborEatingfromtheoutsidetowardtheSwallowingthepiewithHoldingthepieintherightPassageA) B) D)A)HewantedtofollowthetraditionofhisHebelievedthatitsymbolizedaneverlastingItwasthoughtabloodvesselinthatfingerleddirectlytotheItwassupposedthatthediamondonthatfingerwouldbringgoodA)Thetwopeoplecanlearnabouteachother’slikesandThetwopeoplecanhavetimetodecideiftheyareagoodThetwopeoplecanhavetimetoshopfortheirnewThetwopeoplecanearnenoughmoneyfortheirPartIIReadingPassageIsthereenoughoilbeneaththeArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge(保護(hù)區(qū))(ANWR)tohelpsecureAmerica’senergyfuture?Bushcertainlythinksso.HehasarguedthattapenergyindependenceButnooneknowsforsurehowmuchcrudeoilliesburiedbeneaththefrozenearthwiththelasternmentsurvey,conductedin1998,projectingoutputanywherefrom3billionto16billionbarrels.Theoilindustrygoeswiththehighendoftherange,whichcouldequalasmuchas10%U.S.consumptionforaslongassixyears.Bypummorethan1millionbarrelsadayfromthereserveforthenexttwothreedecades,lobbyistsclaim,thenationcouldcutbackonimportsequivalenttoallshipmentstotheU.S.fromSaudiArabia.Soundsgood.Anoilboomwouldalsomeanamultibillion-dollarwindfall（意外之財(cái)）intaxrevenues,royalties(開采權(quán)使用費(fèi))andleasingfeesforAlaskaandtheFederalernment.Bestofall,advocatesofdrillingsay,damagetotheenvironmentwouldbeinsignificant.“We’veneverhada caseofoilrigchasingdeeroutontothepackice.”saysAlaskaStateRepresentativeScottOgan.Notsofar,sayenvironmentalists.Stickingtothelowendofernmentestimates,theNationalResourcesDefenseCouncilsaystheremaybenomorethan3.2billionbarrelsofeconomicallyrecoverableoilinthecoastalinofANWR,adropinthebucketthatwoulddovirtuallynothingtoeaseAmerica’senergyproblems.Andconsumerswouldwaituptoadecadetogainanybenefits,becausedrillingcouldbeginonlyaftermuchbargainingoverleases,environmentalpermitsandregulatoryreview.AsforANWR’simpactontheCaliforniapowercrisis,environmentalistspointoutthatoilisresponsibleforonly1%oftheGoldenState’selectricityoutput–andjust3%oftheWhat BushthinkoftapoilinItwillexhaustthenation’soilItwillhelpsecurethefutureofItwillhelpreducethenation’soilItwillincreaseAmerica’senergyWelearnfromthesecondparagraphthattheAmericanoilindustry believesthatdrillingforoilinANWRwillproducehightendstoexaggerateAmerica’srelianceonforeignshowslittleinterestintapoilinexpectstostopoilimportsfromSaudiThoseagainstoildrillinginANWRarguethat itcancauseseriousdamagetotheitcandolittletosolveU.S.energyitwilldraintheoilreservesintheAlaskanitwillnothavemuchcommercialWhatdotheenvironmentalistsmeanbysaying“Notsofast”(Line1,ParaOilexploitationtakesalongTheoildrillingshouldbeDon’tbetooDon’texpectfastItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatoilexploitationbeneathANWR’sfrozenearth remainsacontroversialisexpectedtogetunderwayinvolvesalotoftechnologicalwillenabletheU.S.tobeoilPassage“Tearemapart!”“KillthefoolMurderthereferee(裁判ThesearecommonremarksonemayhearatvarioussportingeventsAtthetimetheyaremade,theymayseeminnocentenough.Butlet’snotkidourselves.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.Volumeshavebeenwrittenaboutthewaywordsaffectus.Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotations(含義)maycauseustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent“asoneofthosewords.PerhapsthetimehascometodeleteitfromsportsThedictionarymeaningoftheterm“opponent“is“adversary“:“enemy“;“onewhoopposesyourinterests.”“Thus,whenayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.Atsuchtimes,winningmaydominateone’sinlect,andeveryaction,nomatterhowgross,maybeconsideredjustifiable.Irecallan inahandballgamewhenarefereerefusedayer’srequestforatimeoutforaglovechangebecausehedidnotconsideredthenwetenough.TheyerproceededtorubhisglovesacrosshiswetT-shirtandthenexclaimed.“Aretheywetenoughnow?”Intheheatofbattle,yershavebeenobservedtothrowthemselvesacrossthecourtwithoutconsideringtheconsequencesthatsuchamovemighthaveonanyoneintheirway.Ihavealsowitnessedayerreactingtohisopponent’sinternationalandillegalblockingbydeliberayhittinghimwiththeballashardashecouldduringthecourseofy.Offthecourt,theyaregoodfriends.Doesthatmakeanysense?Itcertainlygivesproofofacourtattitudewhichdepartsfromnormalbehavior.ThereforeIbelieveitistimeweelevated(提升)thegametothelevelwhereitbelongssettinganexampletotherestofthesportingworld.Recingtheterm“opponent“with“associate”couldbeanidealwaytostart.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“associate“is“colleague”;“friend”;“companion.”Reflectamoment!Youmaysoonseeandpossiblyfeelthedifferenceinyourreactiontotheterm“associate”ratherthan“opponent.”Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor’sAggressivebehaviorinsportscanhaveseriousThewordspeopleusecaninfluencetheirUnpleasantwordsinsportsareoftenusedbyforeignUnfairjudgmentsbyrefereeswillleadtoonthesportsHarshwordsarespokenduringgamesbecausetheyers aretooeagertoareusuallyshort-temperedandeasilycannotaffordtobepoliteinfiercetreattheirrivalsasWhatdidthehandballyerdowhenhewasnotallowedatimeouttochangehisHerefusedtocontinuetheHeangrilyhittherefereewithaHeclaimedthattherefereewasHewethisglovesbyrubbingthemacrosshisT-Accordingtothepassage,yers,inagame,may deliberaythrowtheballatanyoneillegallyblockingtheirkeeponscreamingandshoutingthroughouttheliedownonthegroundasanactofkicktheballacrossthecourtTheauthorhopestohavethecurrentsituationinsportsimprovedby callingonyerstousecleanlanguageontheraisingthereferee’ssenseofchangingtheattitudeofyersonthesportsregulatingtherelationshipbetweenyersandPassageConsumersarebeingconfusedandmisledbythehodge-podge(大雜燴)ofenvironmentalclaimsmadebyhouseholdproductsaccordingtoagreenlabelingstudypublishedbyConsumersInternationalFriday.Amongthereport’smoreoutrageous(令人無法的)findings-aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfasearthwormfriendly”abrandoffloursaiditwasnon-polluting”andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobe“environmentallyfriendlier”ThestudywaswrittenandresearchedbyBritain’sNationalConsumerCouncil(NCC)forlobbygroupConsumerInternational.ItwasfundedbytheGermanandDutchernmentsandtheEuropeanCommission.“Whilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmade,itisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringshoppersareadequayinformedabouttheenvironmentalimpactofproductstheybuy,”saidConsumersInternationaldirectorAnnaFielder.theUnitedStates.ItfoundthatproductssoldinGermanyandtheUnitedKingdommadethemostenvironmentalclaimsonaverage.Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproducts,suchasdetergent(洗滌劑)spraysandbysomegardenproducts.Itdidnottesttheclaims,butcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)inSeptember,1999. edclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoovagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.“Manyproductshadspecially-designedlabelstomakethemseemenvironmentallyfriendly,butinfactmanyofthesesymbolsmeannothing,”saidreportresearcherPhilipPage.“Laundrydetergentsmadethemostnumberofclaimswith158.Householdcleanersweresecondwith145separateclaims,whilepaintswerethirdonourlistwith73.Thehighnumbersshowhowveryconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleading.”hesaid.TheISOlabelingstandardsbanvagueormisleadingclaimsonproductpackaging,becausetermssuchas“environmentallyfriendly”and“non-polluting”cannotbeverified.“WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISO.”saidPage.Accordingtothepassage,theNCCfounditoutrageousthat alltheproductssurveyedclaimtomeetISOtheclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearorconsumerswouldbelievemanyofthemanufactures’fewproductsactuallyprovetobeenvironmentAsindicatedinthispassage,withsomanygoodclaims,theconsumers ingmorecautiousabouttheproductstheyaregoingtoarestillnotwillingtopaymoreforproductswithgreen ingmoreawareoftheeffectsdifferentproductshaveonthestilldonotknowtheexactimpactofdifferentproductsontheAstudywascarriedoutbyBritain’sNCCto findouthowmanyclaimsmadebyproductsfailtomeetenvironmentalinformtheconsumersoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheproductstheyexamineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOrevisetheguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsWhatisoneoftheconsequencescausedbythemanyclaimsofhouseholdTheyarelikelytoleadtoseriousenvironmentalConsumersfinditdifficult lthetruefromtheTheycouldarousewidespreadangeramongConsumerswillbetemptedtobuyproductstheydon’tItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelobbygroupConsumerInternationalwantsto makeproductlabelingsatisfyISOseeallhouseholdproductsmeetenvironmentalwarnconsumersofthedangerofso-calledgreenverifytheeffortsofnon-pollutingPassageTwohoursfromthetallbuildingsofManhattanandPhiladelphialivesomeoftheworld’slargestblackbears.TheyareinnorthernPennsylvania’sPoconoMountains,ahometheysharewithanabundanceofotherwildlife.Thestreams,lakes,meadows(草地),mountainridgesandsthatmakethePoconosidealceforblackbearshavealsoattractedmorepeopletotheregion.Openspacesarethreatenedbynsforhousingestatesandimportanthabitats(棲息地)areendangeredbyhighwayconstruction.ToprotectthePoconos’naturalbeautyfromirresponsibledevelopment,theNatureConservancy(大自然保護(hù))namedtheareaoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatces”.Operatingoutofacentury-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofLongPond,Pennsylvania,theconservancy’sbudCookisworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.ByforgingpartnershipswithpeoplelikeFrancisAltemose,theConservancyhasbeenabletoprotectmorethan14,000acresofenvironmentallyimportantlandinthearea.Altemose’sfamilyhasfarmedinthePoconoareaforgenerations.TwoyearsagoFrancisworkedwiththeConservancytoincludehisfarminacountyfarmlandprotectionprogram.Asaresult,hisfamily’slandcanbeprotectedfromdevelopmentandtheAltemoseswillbebetterabletoprovideasecurefinancialfuturefortheir7-year-oldgrandson.CookattributestheConservancy’ssuccessinthePoconostohavingalocalpresenceandacommitmenttoworkingwithlocalresidents“Thekeytoprotectingtheseremarkablelandsisconnectingwiththelocalcommunity,”Cooksaid.“Thepeoplewholivethererespecttheland.Theyvaluequiets,clearstreamsandabundantwildlife.Theyareeagertohelpwithconservationeffort.FormoreinformationonhowyoucanhelptheNatureConservancyprotectthePoconosandtheworld’sother“LastGreatces,”pleasecall1-888-5646864orvisitusontheWorldWideWebatThepurposeinnamingthePoconosasoneofAmerica’s“Last ces”isto gainsupportfromthelocalprotectitfromirresponsiblemakeitabetterhomeforblackprovidefinancialsecurityforfutureWelearnfromthepassagethat thepopulationinthePoconoareaiswildlifeinthePoconoareaisdyingoutthesecurityofthePoconoresidentsisbeingfarmlandsinthePoconoareaareshrinkingWhatisimportantinprotectingthePoconosaccordingtoThesettingupofanenvironmentalprotectionSupportfromorganizationslikeTheNatureCooperationwiththelocalresidentsandbusinessInclusionoffarmlandsintheregion’sprotectionWhatdoesBudCookmeanby“havingalocalpresence“(Line1,Para.FinancialcontributionsfromlocalbusinessConsiderationoftheinterestsofthelocalTheestablishmentofawildlifeprotectionfoundationintheThesettingupofalocalNatureConservancybranchinthePoconoThepassagemostprobablyis ananewsanaresearchPartIIIAwordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand textmoreeasilyA) B)C) D)Wedon’tknowwhysomanypeopleinthatregionliketoweardressesofsuch A) B)C) D)Thenewshasjust thattheisgoingtovisitnextA)come B) C)come D)comeThe thatexistsamongnationscouldcertainlybelessenedifmisunderstandingandmistrustwereremovedA) B)C) D)Theotherday,MumandIwenttoSt.James’sHospital,andtheydidlotsandlotsoftestsonme,mostofthem andfrighteningA) B)C) D)IntheMediterraneanseaweedissoabundantandsoeasilyharvestedthatitisneverofgreatA) B)C) D)Thewriterwasso inherworkthatshedidn’tnoticehimentertheA) B)C) D) thegapbetweenthepoorandtheA) B)C) D)Someresearchworkers y allthosefactsasthoughtheyneverA) B)C) D)Computerpowernowallowsautomaticsearchesoffingerprintfilestomatchaprintata A) B)C) D)Themostbasicreasonwhydialectsshouldbep isthatlanguagehelpsto aA) B)C) D)Companiesarestrugglingtofindtheright betweensupplyanddemand,butitisnoeasyA) B)C) D)Massadvertisinghelpedto theemphasisfromtheproductionofgoodstotheirA) B)C) D)Becauseofhisexcellentadministration,peoplelivedinpeaceand andallpreviouslyneglectedmattersweretakencareof.A) B)C) D)Iknowyou’vegotasmoothtongue,sodon’ttalkme buyingA) B)C) D)Showingsomesenseofhumorcanbea(n) waytodealwithsomestressfulA) B)C) D)Thesituationdescribedinthereport terrible,butitmaynotA) B)C) D) istryingeverymeansto thewholesalepriceofitsA)pull B)putC)set D)bringThemayor theofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictimsA) B)C) D)ThenativeCanadianslivedin withnature,fortheyrespectednatureasaproviderofA) C) A)at B)soC)in D)onIwasimpressed theefficiencyoftheworkdoneinA) B)C) D)NowinBritain,winestakeupfourtimesasmuch inthestorehouseasbothbeerandA) B)C) D)Hishandshookalittleashe thekeyintheA) B)C) D)Forprofessionalathletes, totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybooksA) B)attaC) D)Inthelong ,thenewinformationmayfundamentallyalteroutwayA) B)C) D)Allthearrangementsshouldbecompleted yourA)prior B)superiorC)contrary D)parallelWeneedtocreateeducationstandardsthatprepareournextgenerationwhowillbe withanevenmorecompetitiveA) B)C) D)Inthelateseventies,theamountoffixedassetsrequiredtoproduceonevehicleinJapan equivalenttothatintheUnitedA) B)C) D)Manypeoplebelieveweareheadingforenvironmentaldisaster weradicallychangewayweliveA) B)C) D)PartIVShortAnswerWecommonlythinkofsportsmanshipinconnectionwithathleticcontests,butitalsoappliestoindividualoutdoorsports.Noteveryonewhopicksupafishingrodorgoesoutwithagunisasportsman.Thesportsmanfirstofallobeysthefishandgamelaws,notbecauseheisliabletobepunishedasaviolator,butbecauseheknowsthatinthemaintheselawsaremadeforhisbestThefollowingaresomeofthethingsthatthosewhowouldqualifyformembershipinthesportsmanshipfraternity(圈內(nèi)人)willdo.Takenomoregamethanthebaglimitprovidedforbythefishandgamelaws.The comesbackfromatripboastingaboutthelargenumberoffishorgametakenisnotasportsmanbutagamehog(貪得無厭的捕獵者).Observetheunwrittenrulesoffairy.Thismeansshootinggamebirdsonlywhenthebirdsare“onthewing”.Forthesamereason,donotuseashotguntoshootarabbitorsimilaranimalwhileitissittingorstandingstill.Becarefulinremovingillegalorundersizedfishfromthehook.Thisshouldbedoneonlyafterwettingthehands.Thisisnecessarybecausethebodyofthefishiscoveredwithathin,protectivefilmwhichwillsticktoyourdryhands.Ifthehandsaredrywhenthefishishandled,thefilmistornfromthebodyofthefish.Withouttheprotectivefilm,thefishismoreeasilyattackedbydiseases.Ifyouwishtoreleaseafishthatishookedinsuchawaythatitwillbeimpossibletobeclosetothehookasconvenient.Inaremarkablyshorttime,thehookwillbreakdownandthefishwillremainalmostunharmed.Fishhavebeenknowntofeedsuccessfullywhilehookswerestillintheirlips.Besureoftheidentityofyourtargetbeforeyoushoot.Manyusefulandharmlessspeciesofwildlifearethoughtlesslykilledbytheuninformed whoisoutwithaguntokillwhateverflieswithinrange.S1.InwhatrespectdoestheauthorthinkindividualoutdoorsportsaresimilartoathleticS2. whogoesoutfishingwithafishingrodorhuntingwithagunisnot S3.What’sthemostimportantthingatruesportsmanshouldbearinmindwhenhegoesfishingorhunting S4.Thosewhoviolatethefishandgamelawswillnotbe formembershipinthesportsmanshipfraternity.S5.WhatarepeoplecalledwhentheybreakthebaglimitandboastabouttheirbigS6.Atruesportsmanwillnotshootananimalwhichisnot S7.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodo