2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練題Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars(含解析)新人教版必修3

Astronomythescienceofthestars李仕才一、閱讀理解。OnApril14th,2010,myentirelifechangedinaninstant.OnemomentIwasjoyfullyridingthroughthesunshine.Thenextmoment,metal,flesh

andboneswerespreadingagainstthepavementinathunderouscrash.Anothercyclist,bikingcarelessly,hadcutmeoffandsentmesupermanningtowardoncomingtraffic.Asiftosymbolizetheaccidentthathadhitmylife,anotherdisasteralsooccurredonApril14th,2010.Itcosttheairlineindustry$1.7billion.

TenmillionwastheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull,oneofIceland’smanyvolcanoes.However,volcanoesarenotallbad.Infact,theyarenecessary.Theyareresponsibleforthebirthofnewearth,andforthecreationofrichsoil.Thiseruptiongaveoff0.15milliontonsofcarbondioxideintotheatmospheredaily.Butcancelling48%oftheworld’sflighttravelsavedabout2.8milliontonsofCO2fromenteringtheatmosphere,temporarilydecreasingourcarbonfootprint.Similarly,theaccidenthadbadlyaffectedmyemotionbutitalsoallowedmetolookmorecloselyinsidemyselfanddiscoverthingsaboutmyselfIwouldneverhaverealized.Ilearnedhownottojudgemyselfformynewlimitations.In1973,anotherIcelandicvolcano,Eldfell,brokeout.Icelandersdecidedtobombitwithcoldwateruntilitfrozeandchoseadifferentpath.After

their

planworked,theyusedthegeothermal(地?zé)岬?energyforthenext15yearstoheattheirhomes.Agoodexampleoflifebringinglemons,andmakinglemonade!Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes，focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulfuture.IranfromApril14th,2010,toeverykindofescape.EventuallyIendedupinuniversityforanew-foundloveinEarthsciences.

forthe【解題導(dǎo)語】

作者把自己遭受突發(fā)事件和火山迸發(fā)這類自然災(zāi)禍進(jìn)行類比，

說明遭受到不幸也有利處，面對現(xiàn)真相況要樂觀踴躍。1．WhathappenedtothewriteronApril14th,2010?A．Hewasinvolvedinacarcrash.B．HewasstuckinanIceland’sairport.C．Hewitnessedavolcaniceruption.D．Hewasbadlyinjuredonabikeride.D分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Thenextmoment,metal...sentmesupermanningtowardoncomingtraffic.”可知，一個(gè)粗心的騎自行車的人撞到了作者，作者遭受了事故，受傷嚴(yán)重，故D項(xiàng)正確。2．WhichwasaneffectoftheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull?A．Theeconomywascostgloballybytheeruption.B．Carbondioxideincreasedtemporarily.C．Mostoftheworld’splaneswereheldup.D．TheearthinIcelandwasterriblypolluted.A分析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第二段中的“Economicsallovertheworldweredisturbed.”可知，艾雅法拉火山迸發(fā)后，全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)都遇到了擾亂，即火山的迸發(fā)使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)受損，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．WhydidthewritermentiontheEldfellvolcano?A．ItbrokeoutinIcelandonApril14thaswell.B．Itsymbolizedtheaccidentthatchangedhislife.C．Ittoldustomakethebestofagivensituation.D．Itencouragedhimtoknowmoreabouthimself.C分析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章第五段中的“Aftertheirplanworked...theirhomes.”并聯(lián)合“

Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes,

focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuture.

”可推知，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用特定的環(huán)境。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．EscapefromVolcanoesB．InspirationfromDisastersC．LoveforEarthSciencesD．AttitudeTowardNature分析：標(biāo)題概括題。本文作者經(jīng)過敘述自己遭受事故和火山迸發(fā)帶來的利處及缺點(diǎn)，告訴人們要踴躍應(yīng)付現(xiàn)真相況，因此選B項(xiàng)。二、單句語法填空1．(2017·北京高考)Everyyear,________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.答案：whoeverwhoever“不論誰”，表泛指，在句中作主語，相當(dāng)于anyonewho。2．Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamental________myworkasadirector.答案：tobefundamentalto...“是的基礎(chǔ)”。3．Icansaythatitisthe________(violence)filmthatIhaveeverseen.答案：mostviolent由“thatIhaveeverseen”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高等。4．Hislastpaintingsareperhapsthemost________(puzzle),whicheventheartistscan'tmakesenseof.答案：puzzling此處形容詞puzzling“令人疑惑的”作表語，描繪主語paintings的實(shí)質(zhì)特點(diǎn)。5．________existsagoodwaytosolvetheproblemingeography.答案：ThereThereexists...“存在；有”。6．Assecond-handsmokingis________(harm)anddangerous,peoplebanagainstsmokinginpublic.答案：harmful此處形容詞harmful“有害的”作表語。7．Sheboughtaheavycurtain________(block)outthelight.答案：toblock此處動(dòng)詞不定式短語toblockout作目的狀語。8．Thoughinjuredseriously,hetriedtocheer________,hopingtomakehisparentslessworried.答案：upcheerup“(使)感覺快樂，(使)抖擻起來”。

wantatotal9．Measureshavebeentakentopreventtheriverfrom________(pollute)答案：beingpollutedpreventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.“阻擋某人且本句中pollute和river存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)構(gòu)造。

．/某物做某事”，10．________(like)

whatyousupposed,

only

afewpeople

attended

theparty,

whichwasdisappointing.答案：

Unlike

依據(jù)語意可知，“其實(shí)不像”你所猜想的那樣，故填

Unlike

，指引名詞性從句。三、完形填空。閱讀下邊短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。Iwasashykid.Nothingseemedharderthantalkingtopeople.Ididn'tevenliketoanswerthephoneforfearthatI'dhavetotalktosomebodyIdidn'tknow.__1__，atschoolIhadtospendalldayinthecompanyofothers.My__2__wasstudyingandwas__4__withgoodgrades.EventuallyIwenttocollege.Icametorealizethatsomepeoplewereratherfunto__5__with.Yetmychildhood__6__carriedoverandIfoundmyselftongue-tiedand__7__wheneverIfoundmyselfinaconversation.Onedaywhileoncampus，I__8__anadvertisementforapositiononthelocalclassicalmusic__9__station.Ihadgrownuplisteningtoclassicalmusic，andIlovedit.Inordertogetthejob，applicantsneededtobeinterviewed.Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio，andtheideaoftalkingtothousandsoflisteners__10__me.Ididn'treallywantthejob.IjustwantedtoprovethatIcouldtalktoa(n)__11__.Twoweeks__12__，IwasevenmoreterrifiedtodiscoverthatIhadactuallylandedthejob.Itwasa__13__job，butIgrewtoenjoyit.Iannouncedmusictothousandsof__14__inthecity，sometimesansweringtheircallsand__15__totheirrequests.Ibegantofeelcomfortabletalkingtothesepeople，thesestrangerswhoIcouldn'teven__16__.AlthoughInowspendmuchtimetalkingwithpeople，I'mstillbasicallya__17__person.Myformershynessisagift，asIcan__18__peoplewhofeeldiscomfortwhentheytalktostrangers.Istillenjoymomentsofbeing__19__.ButI'malsogladIdecidedtomakea__20__inmylifethathadopenedmanydoorsandopportunitiesthatIneverknewexisted.1．A.HoweverB．ThereforeC．Otherwise

D

．Besides2．A.advice

B

．practiceC．task

D

．escape3．A.obviously

B

．simplyC．quietly

D

．poorly4．A.filled

B

．rewardedC．decorated

D

．faced5．A.helpout

B

．catchupC．putupD．hangout6．A.happinessB．shynessC．kindnessD．goodness7．A.excitedB．a(chǎn)stonishedC．embarrassedD．interested8．A.noticedB．postedC．realizedD．believed9．A.fireB．gasC．TVD．radio10．A.terrifiedB．pleasedC．satisfiedD．a(chǎn)mazed11．A.childB．singerC．interviewerD．a(chǎn)pplicant12．A.agoB．laterC．beforeD．since13．A.well-paidB．puzzlingC．comfortableD．challenging14．A.listenersB．followersC．viewersD．dancers15．A.referringB．respondingC．offeringD．comparing16．A.feelB．moveC．hearD．see17．A.busyB．warmC．quietD．smart18．A.lookintoB．relatetoC．combinewithD．worrywith19．A.aloneB．a(chǎn)liveC．a(chǎn)ctiveD．a(chǎn)wake20．A.planB．mistakeC．changeD．dream【解題導(dǎo)語】該文主要敘述了害羞的作者經(jīng)過應(yīng)聘電臺工作而實(shí)現(xiàn)自我打破的故事。1．A依據(jù)上下文可知，此處表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。但是，作者在學(xué)校里不得不睦同學(xué)們相處。2．D依據(jù)上文的“Iwasashykid”可推知，害羞的作者在學(xué)校用學(xué)習(xí)來躲避與人交流。3．C與語境“bymyself”響應(yīng)可推知，作者一個(gè)人安寂靜靜地做功課。4．B與語境“withgoodgrades”響應(yīng)可推知，作者在學(xué)習(xí)上的付出獲得了豐厚的回報(bào)，成績突出。5．D由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最后意識到了和朋友相處是風(fēng)趣的。hangout“常去某處”。6．B依據(jù)上文的“Iwasashykid”并聯(lián)合“Ifoundmyselftongue-tied”可推知，作者童年時(shí)代的害羞個(gè)性還存在。7．C依據(jù)“Ifoundmyselftongue-tied”可推知，和別人交流時(shí)交流不順暢是令人難堪的。8．A依據(jù)語境可知，作者在校園里注意到了一則讓他感興趣的廣告。9．D

依據(jù)下文的“

Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio

”可推知，這是一則電臺的招募廣告。10．A依據(jù)“Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio

”并聯(lián)合下文的“

Ididn'treallywantthejob”可推知，作者因自己沒有廣播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，與下文的“IwasevenmoreterrifiedtodiscoverthatIhadactuallylandedthejob”響應(yīng)。11．C作者懼怕與不計(jì)其數(shù)的聽眾交流，只想證明自己可以和面試官談話。12．B依據(jù)語境可推知，時(shí)間已經(jīng)過去了兩周。13．D依據(jù)上文可知，這項(xiàng)工作需要與不計(jì)其數(shù)的聽眾交流，這對作者來說有必定的挑戰(zhàn)性，且與語境“butIgrewtoenjoyit”形成響應(yīng)。14．A與上文的“andtheideaoftalkingtothousandsoflisteners__10__me”響應(yīng)可推知，此處表示作者給聽眾播放音樂。15．B與語境“answeringtheircalls”響應(yīng)可推知，作者回應(yīng)聽眾的要求。16．D依據(jù)上文可知，作者應(yīng)聘的是電臺工作，和聽眾們基本上是不會面的。17．C依據(jù)“still”的提示并聯(lián)合上文的“Iwasashykid”可推知，作者只管現(xiàn)在花銷好多時(shí)間和人們交流，可是實(shí)質(zhì)上仍是一個(gè)不多說話的人，與下文的“Myformershynessisagift”響應(yīng)。18．B聯(lián)合“Myformershynessisagift”可推知，作者可以理解那些和他同樣的人。relateto“理解，認(rèn)可”。19．A依據(jù)上文的“Myformershynessisagift”可推知，作者依舊喜愛獨(dú)處。20．C依據(jù)語境可推知，作者經(jīng)過做電臺工作有了重要改變，進(jìn)而人生有了更多的可能性。四、單句改錯(cuò)1．MaryarrivedjustontimeforherflighttoLondon._____________________________________________________答案：on→inintimefor...“實(shí)時(shí)追上了”。2．Itwashotintheroom,becausetheair-conditioningsystembrokeout._____________________________________________________答案：out→downbreakdown“出故障”。3．Shemarriedat27andgavebirthofherfirstchildshortly._____________________________________________________答案：of→togivebirthto“臨盆；產(chǎn)生”。4．Watchoutsharpbendsandadjustyourspeedaccordingly._____________________________________________________答案：out后加forwatchoutforsth.“小心/親密注意某物”。5．ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbiggerasthepresentone._____________________________________________________答案：bigger→big在比較等級的表達(dá)方式中“as...as”中，應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞的原級。五、短文改錯(cuò)IhavemetmanyteacherssinceIbeginmyschooling.Ofallmyteachers，Mrs.Greenistheonewhoimpressesmemost.Thoughsheis50，shelooksveryyoungatherage.Comparingwithotherteachers，variouswaystomakehe