高中語法重難點匯總_第1頁
高中語法重難點匯總_第2頁
高中語法重難點匯總_第3頁
高中語法重難點匯總_第4頁
高中語法重難點匯總_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩69頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

高中英語語法重點難點回顧

主謂一致??茧y題:

Fiveminutesisenoughtodothisexercise.

Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinfuture.

Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.

Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.

Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.

一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時,謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式:glasses,clothes,

trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。

但如果主語用akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞構(gòu)成時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Apair

ofshoeswasonthedesk.

并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,這時and后面的

名詞沒有冠詞。例如:

Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.

Thegirl'steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.

Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.

Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.

Aknifeandforkisonthetable.

當(dāng)主語后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,

togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等弓I導(dǎo)的詞組時,其謂語動詞的單、

復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:

Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited.

Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented.

A(great)numberof修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);agreatdealof,alargeamountof修飾

不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。

例如:

Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.

Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.

季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐、學(xué)科名稱,球類、棋類名詞名稱前一般不加冠詞。

1/2one(a)half1/4one(a)quarter

形容詞的順序:

系動詞be,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,

sound,turn,remain限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞(序數(shù)詞定前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、

高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國藉+材料

Thosethreebeautifullargesquareoldbrownwoodtable

某些以a-開首的形容詞例如:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive等只能作表語,不能作

定語。

某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞:friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,

orderly,timely等。

1)close接近地closely仔細(xì)地,密切地

2)free免費地freely自由地,無拘束地

3)hard努力地hardly幾乎不

4)late晚,遲lately近來

5)most極,非常mostly主要地

6)wide廣闊地,充分地widely廣泛地

7)high高h(yuǎn)ighly高度地,非常地

8)de叩深,遲deeply抽象意義的"深”

9)loud大聲地loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)

10)near鄰近nearly幾乎

bad/ill,badlyworseworstlittlelessleast

表示一方不及另一方時,用"less+原級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示:Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthat

one.

表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時,可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語,如:even,alot,abit,

alittle,still,much,far,yet,byfar等修飾:Heworksevenharderthanbefore.

注意:byfar通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時,一般放在比較級的后面,如放在前面,應(yīng)在二者

中間加“the”。

Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.

Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.

某些以-or結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時,用些代替than。superior,junior,senior等。

HeissuperiortoMrWanginmathematics.

在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one

既可指人,也可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,而。ne只能代替可數(shù)名詞。例如:

Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthatonthedesk.

Aboxmadeofironisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.

表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型:

Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,length,width,etc)ofB.

Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.

這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。[高三倍]

Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,wide,etc.)asB.

AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。

Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,wider)thanB.

例如:Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.

你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。、

表示兩倍可以用twice或double。

表示"最高程度"的形容詞,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,沒有最高級,也不能用比較級。

如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many、few,不可數(shù)名詞前有much、little等表示量的形容詞時,該用so而

不用such,如:

I'vehadsomanyfallsthatI'mblackandblueallover.

MrWhitegotsolittlemoneyamonththathecouldhardlykeepbodyandsoultogether.

但little不表示數(shù)量而表示“小”的意思時,仍用such。如:

Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthatthetheycannotcleanthehousebythemselves.

6)almost與nearly

在very,pretty,not后用nearly,不用almost。例如:

I'mnotnearlyready.

在any,no,none,never前用almost,不用nearly,例如:

Ialmostneverseeher.

need表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動詞時,僅用于否定句或疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用must,

haveto,oughttoshould代替。例如:

Youneedn'tcomesoearly.

NeedIfinishtheworktoday?—Yes,youmust.

注意:needn'thavedone"表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事”。例如:Youneedn'thave

waitedforme.

“shouldhavedone”表示應(yīng)該做到而實際上沒有做到。

Youshouldhavestartedearlier.

"oughttohavedone"表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實際未做。

Yououghttohavehelpedhim(butyoudidn't)

書報的標(biāo)題,小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時。

表示感覺,愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞如have,be,hear,see,like等詞一般不用進(jìn)行時。

有些動詞形式上是主動結(jié)構(gòu),但表示被動的意思。常見的有可和well,easily等副詞連用的不及物

動詞sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如:

Theclothwasheswell.這布很經(jīng)洗。

Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。

Thepenwriteswell.這支筆很好寫。

在動詞arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等后

面的賓語從句中用“(should)+動詞原形”(虛擬語氣)例如:

Wesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.

Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.

Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.

Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.

作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞的表語從句和同位語從句,

其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結(jié)%勾"(should)+動詞原形”。例如:Weallagreedtohissuggestion

thatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.

Myideaisthatwe(should)doexercisesfirst.

在feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中,不定式不帶to,但

是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時,就必須帶t。。例如:Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.

Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.

注意:不定式動詞在介詞but,except,besides后面時,如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形

式,那么,這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則要帶to.如:

Shecoulddonothingbutcry.

Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?

Ihavenochoicebuttogo.

作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等,

不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。例如:Heislookingforaroomtolivein.

Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.

There/Itisnouse/good/notanyuse/good/uselessdoingsth.

動詞后可以用動名詞作賓語,但不能用不定式:

admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forgive,giveup,

imagine,include,keep,mention.mind,miss,practise,putoff,resist,risk,suggest,can'thelp,

can'tstand(無法忍受)等。

Itriednott。gothere.(我設(shè)法不去那里。)

Itrieddoingitagain]莪試著又干了一次。)]

meantodo有意...meandoing意味著...

Imeantocomeearlytoday.(我打算今天早些來。)

Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.

(誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時。)

allow,advise,forbid,permit

Wedon'tallowsmokinghere.Wedon'tallowstudentstosmoke.

動詞need,require,want作"需要”解,其后跟動詞作它的賓語時,若表示的含義是被動的,必須用動

名詞,或不定式的被動式。例如:

Thewindowneeds(requires,wants)cleaning(tobecleaned).

在短語devoteto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,beusedto,objectto,thankyoufor,

excusemefor等后的動詞也必須用動名詞形式:Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Badlypolluted,thewatercannotbedrunk.(原因)

Beingwritteninhaste,thecompositionisfullofmistakes.

(原因,強(qiáng)調(diào)寫的過程,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式)

Havingbeendesertedbyhisguide,hecouldn'tfindhiswaythroughthejungle.(為了強(qiáng)調(diào)已完成

的動作)

Askedtostay,Icouldn'tverywellrefuse.

這里asked可能意味著havingbeenasked,也可能意味著when/sinceIwasasked,但用了

havingbeenasked就不會有歧義。

下面句中過去分詞表示的時間與謂語動詞所表示的時間相同,所以不能代之以強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語動詞

的現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式。例如:

Coveredwithconfusion,Ilefttheroom.我很窘地離開了房間。

United,westand;divided,wefall.團(tuán)結(jié)則存,分裂則亡。

HeusedtoliveinLondon,use(d)n'the/didn'the?

Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar,use(d)n'tthere/didn'tthere?

Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed,oughtthey?

Heoughttobepunished,oughtn'the?

但在正式文體中,用oughtwenot形式。例如:

Weoughttogo,oughtwenot?或Weoughttogo,shouldwenot?

含有情態(tài)動詞must的句子表示推則,作“想必”解時,疑問部分不可用mustn't。若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)

在情況的推測,疑問部分用aren't(isn't)十主語,例如:Youmustbetired,aren'tyou?若陳述部分的

must表示“有必要”時,附加疑問與部分則用needn't?例如:Youmustgohomerightnow,needn't

you?

當(dāng)mustn't表示禁止時,附加疑問部分一般用must.如:

Youmustn'twalkongrass,mustyou?

前句謂語動詞是musthave+過去分詞時,若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對過去情況的推測(一般有過去時間狀語),疑

問部分的謂語動詞用didn't+主語;若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的完成,疑問部分的謂語動詞用haven't(hasn't)

+主語,例如:

Hemusthavemetheryesterday,didn'the?

Youmusthaveseenthefilm,haven'tyou?

陳述句謂語部分出現(xiàn)否定詞綴時(前綴或后綴),疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Heisunfitforhis

office,isn'the?

如果陳述部分包含有no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nowhere,nothing等否定或半否定詞時,

疑問部分用肯定形式。例如:Heishardly14yearsold,ishe?

如果陳述部分的主語為everyone,someone,noone等不定代詞,其疑問部分的主語可用he,也可用

they。

Everyoneknowshisjob,doesn'the?

Everyoneknowstheirjob,don'tthey?

Noonewashurt,werethey?

I'mlate,aren'tI?

Onecan'tbetoocareful,canone(you)?

Haveacupoftea,willyou?

Let'sgothere,shallwe?Letusgothere,willyou?

同位語從句跟在名詞后面,進(jìn)一步說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的名詞主要有fact,

news,promise,idea,truth等。連接詞用that(不用which)及連接副詞how,when,where,why等。

例如:

Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecarwentwronghalfway.

Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.

Sheaskedthereasonwhytherewasadelay.

關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況如下:

A)在表語從句和同位語從句中。例如:

Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.

Thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.

B)在主語從句中,只有用it作形式主語時,whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語從句,否則,也只能用whether.

例如:

Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.

Ithasn'tbeendecidedwhether(if)weshallattendthemeeting.

C)在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略)例如:

Italldepends(on)whethertheywillsupportus.

D)后面直接跟動詞不定式時。

Hedoesn'tknowwhethertostayornot.

E)后面緊接ornot時。

Wedidn'tknowwhetherornotshewasready.

F)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,只能用whether。

Whetheryoulikeitornot,youmustdoitwell.

G)用if會引起歧義時。例如:Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit.

該句有兩個意思:“請告訴我你是否喜歡”。

或“如果你喜歡,請告訴我?!庇昧藈hether就可以避免。

在下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句:

1)先行詞是不定代詞:all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。Allthatwehavetodo

istopractiseeveryday.

2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。

ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.

3)先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,等修飾.

Ihavereadallthebook(that)yougaveme.

4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時。

HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.

5)先行詞既有人又有物時。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinthe

school.

先行詞是表示地點時,要根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用

that(which),否則用where。

Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.

Thisisthehousethat(which)hevisitedlastyear.

用nosooner…than和hardly…when引導(dǎo)的仄句表示“剛...就"。主句中的動詞一般用

過去完成時,從句用過去時;而且主句一般倒裝,把助動詞had提到前面。例如:HardlyhadIentered

theroomwhenIheardaloudnoise.

代詞作主語時,主謂語序不變。Hereitis.Herehecomes.

當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時也常常引起全部倒裝。

Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.

Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.

表語置于句首時,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動詞+主語”。

PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.

GonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheylikedtotheChinesepeople.

AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.

HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.

LiWeican'tanswerthequestion.NeithercanI.

部分倒裝

用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語從句。Hadyoureviewedyourlessons,youmighthavepassedthe

examination.

3.用于“形容詞(或名詞、動詞)+as(though)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。例如:Prettyassheis,sheis

notclever.

Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.

如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。

Childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.

用于nosooner???than--,hardly???when和notuntil的句型中。Notuntiltheteachercamedidhe

finishhishomework.

用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,often,atnotime,notonly,notonce等詞開頭的句

子。

NevershallIdothisagain.

Littledidheknowwhothewomanwas.

6.用于以0nly開頭的句子(only修飾副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句時)。OnlythisafternoondidIfinish

thenovel.

OnlyinthiswaycanyoumasterEnglish.

OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.

如果only后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝。

OnlyWangLingknowsthis.

用于某些表示祝愿的句子。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!

stomach-stomachs,aGerman-threeGermans,

anAmerican-twoAmericans,mancook-mencooks;

papers報紙,文件manners禮貌drinks飲料

inaword簡言之inotherwords換句話說

havewordswith與某人吵嘴

haveafewwords(aword)withsb.與某人說幾句話

Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives.

某些集體名詞,如people,police,cattle等,只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。Thepoliceare

searchingfor

介詞+關(guān)系代詞考點

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是英語語法中的難點和重點,近年來高考對這一語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查大有升溫之勢。為便于同

學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)掌握,筆者扼要地對它的幾種考查熱點進(jìn)行了歸納和解析,希望同學(xué)們能舉一反三,加以掌握并運用。

考點1簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞

知識歸納:用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時只能用whom,指物時只能用which;介詞選擇的依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的動詞、

形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定;或者以先行詞與從句中的動詞關(guān)系及所表達(dá)的含義而定;或者以先行詞在定語從句中的作

用和含義而定,并且含有介詞的短語動詞不能拆開,介詞仍然放在動詞之后。

高考考例:

1.(2004全國卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,thesailingtimewas226days.

A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich

解析:關(guān)系代詞which指代thejourney,定語從句恢復(fù)為獨立的句子是:Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.故答

案選A。

2.(2004全國卷)TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.

A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

解析:本句主句部分應(yīng)是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.從句補(bǔ)全為獨立的句子是:My

studentsactedintheplay.故答案選C。

3.(2004上海卷)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeonetheycantalkfrequently.

A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom

解析:先行詞為someone,被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作takwith的賓語,介詞with可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前,

identify...as…意為"把……當(dāng)作……”,故答案選D。

考點2復(fù)雜介詞+關(guān)系代詞

知識歸納:用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whom,whose。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜介詞有:asaresultof,atthebackof,

becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如:

Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.

IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided?

考點3簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞

知識歸納:用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whose。介詞的選擇取決于關(guān)系代詞后的名詞及整個句子的含義。

高考考例:

(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.timemanypeoplehavegonehome.

A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich

解析:介詞by表示時間的意思是“到那時為止”。這句話的意思是“在辦公室里,我似乎直到下午5:30才有空,那時許

多人都已經(jīng)回家了”。故答案選D。

考點4the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞

知識歸納:用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系,口語中常用“whose+名詞”代替。非正式文體中可

以用“ofwhichthe+名詞”(.

高考考例:

(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.

A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose

解析:答案選B,本題就是一個考查the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的一個典型例子。這里thepriceofwhich指代thepriceof

thevase,答案也可以是whoseprice。

考點5表示部分的詞語+of+關(guān)系代詞

知識歸納:此時,指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom,指物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語常見的有:不定代詞all,both,

none,neither,either,some,any,數(shù)詞(含基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞,分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù));數(shù)詞+名詞;the+最高級/比較級,以及表示數(shù)目或

數(shù)量的詞語many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter。

高考考例:

1.(2004湖北卷)Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.

A.thelarger

B.thelargerofthem

C.thelargeronethat

D.thelargerofwhich

解析:答案為D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B選項缺少一個連詞。

2.(2004遼寧卷)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.

A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat

解析:答案為A。80%ofwhich指代的是80%oftheshoes。本題意為:這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)的50萬雙鞋子有80%都是銷往

國外的。

備考練習(xí):

1.YesterdayMr.Lifinallyboughthisownhouse,isahospital.

A.inwhere

B.totheeastofwhich

C.totheeastofit

D.intheeastofthat

2.Mybrother'spurse,heput¥1,000,wasmissingonthebus.

A.thereB.whichC.inwhichD.that

3.Thefootballmatchthestudentscompetedyesterdaywasverywonderful.

A.inwhichB.whichC.inthatD.that

4.Thereasonhewaslateagainwasthathewascaughtinatrafficjamintherushhour.

A.whichB.inwhichC.forwhichD.ofwhich

5.Hisglasses,hecouldseenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.

A.whichB.withoutwhichC.withwhichD.withoutthose

6.Thecomputer,hepaidY3,000,wasonceownedbyhisuncle.

A.whichB.forwhichC.thatD.tothat

7.Inthepastwelostmanychances,wepaidlittleattention.

A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.towhich

8.Thepen,Ihadbeenwritingfortenyears,wasbroken.

A.withwhichB.withthatC.asD.withit

9.Maryhastwobrothers,aredoctors.

A.bothoftheyB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.whomofboth

10.Theproblemyouarguedaboutyesterdayhasbeensolved.

A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich

11.Myauntboughtmeabook,thenameIhaveforgotten.

A.ofitB.whichC.whoseD.ofwhich

12.OnthewayhomeImetmyfriendJohn,fromhomethethiefhadstolenacomputer.

A.whomB.whichC.thatD.whose

13.1hatethewayyoutalktoyourmother.

A.bywhichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.which

14.Atlastwefoundtheholeinthewallthemousegotintothehouselastnight.

A.inwhichB.whichC.throughwhichD.bywhich

15.Therearethreegirlsintheroom,isTom'ssister.

A.thetallestofwhich

B.thetallestofwhom

C.tallestofthat

D.tallestofwhich

16.I'llneverforgetthedayIboughtmyownguitarwithmyownmoney.

A.whereB.onwhichC.onwhenD.that

17.Sheisjustthegirl,withmybrothercametovisitmelastmonth.

A.whomB.herC.thatD.who

18.Lastnightwesawtwomovies,wasinteresting.

A.bothofwhich

B.neitherofwhich

C.bothofthem

D.neitherofthem

19.ThisisthehouseinIwasbornthirtyyearsago.

A.itB.thereC.whichD.that

20.Thereasonforhefailedintheexamwasthathewastoocareless.

A.whichB.whyC.thatD.it

Key:

1-5BCACB6-10BDABA11-15DDCCB16-20BABCA

it的用法與高考

在高考單項填空試題的選項中,it是出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞匯之一。下面針對近十年高考中涉及到it的題目進(jìn)行分類

解析:

一、作為正確項的it

1.Ilikeintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004,全國卷I)

A.thisB.thatC.itD.one

2.Ihatewhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET1998)

A.itB.thatC.theseD.them

【解析】在Ilike/love/hateitwhen…這個結(jié)構(gòu)中,it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是when從句所描述的某種

情形。句意分別是:1.我喜歡秋天晴朗的天氣。2.我討厭人們一邊吃飯一邊說話。又如:lhateitwhenIhaveto

speakinFrenchonthephone.有時非得用法語去打電話,我真感到討厭。值得注意的是,這種情況與我們所熟

悉的it作形式賓語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是不同的,因為在它之后沒有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如:lthoughtitstrange

thatshehadn,twritten.她沒有寫信,我感到很奇怪。

3.TheForeignMinistersaid,"ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace."(2004,

北京卷)

A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis

4.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

【解析】it作形式主語,that從句作真正主語,常見的句型有:

①It+be+形容詞(obvious,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,

probable,etc.)+that從句

②It+be+名詞詞組(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that從句

③It+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that從句

5.—Doyoulikehere?

—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(2004,全國卷II)

A.thisB.theseC.thatD.it

【解析】it可以指代“未指明,但談話雙方心里都明白的那件事或那種情況"在本題情景中it指“這兒的

情況(thesituationhere)”。又如:Ican,tstandit(=thissituation)anylonger!我再也不能忍受這種情況了!How'

sit(=yourlife,work,etc.)going?近況如何?Theworstofitisthatwe'IIhavetogettherepairsdoneagain.

最糟糕的是我們還得再次修理。IfifsconvenientIcanseeyoutomorrow.要是方便的話,我明天可以見你。

6.TheParkersboughtanewhousebutwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.

(NMET2001)

A.theyB.itC.oneD.which

【解析】it可以指“已知的或暗含的事實或情況”,在此指“買房之后的情況"。又如:Shewasfrightened,

buttriednottoshowit.她非??謶?,但竭力沒有表現(xiàn)出來。

7.BiirsaimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,?(2004,上海卷)

A.isn,titB.isitC.isn,theD.ishe

【解析】答案為A。it指代Bill,saim。

二、作為干擾項的it

(一)it對替代詞one的干擾

8.Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermadefromsomewoodwehad.(2004全

國卷III)

A.itB.oneC.himselfD.another

9.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,Iw川alwaystreasure.

(NMET2002)

A.thatB.oneC.itD.what

【解析】第8、9題都選B。第8題中的one指代“anewcupboard”。第9題里的one(=amoment)

作anunforgettablemoment的同位語,它的后面是一個省略了that的定語從句。對比下句中it的用法:Meeting

myuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,andIwillalwaystreasureit(=theunforgettable

moment).

10.—Whydon'twetakealittlebreak?

—Didn,twejusthave?(NMET2000)

A.itB.thatC.oneD.this

11.1hopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave.(NMET1995)

A.itB.thoseC.themD.one

【解析】第10、11題分別選C和D。替代詞one和人稱代詞it極易混淆,其不同之處在于:one替代的是

一個用不定冠詞限定的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(如:acupboard,abreak),而it不能用作替代詞,它指代的是確定的、具體的

某事物。比較下面句子中的one和計:

Yourstoryisveryinteresting,butIdon,tlikeit(=yourstory).你的故事很有意思,但我不喜歡它。

Thisstoryisaninterestingone(=story).這是一個有趣的故事。

Shehasnowatch,soIwanttobuyone(=awatch)forher.她沒有手表,所以我想給她買一塊(手表)。

Thereisonlyonewatchofthetypeintheshop,soIwanttobuyit(=theonlywatch)forher.這款手表商店

只有一塊,所以我想把它買給她。

(二)it對關(guān)系代詞as的干擾

12.isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.

(2004北京卷)

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

13.isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2001)

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

【解析】第12、13題的答案都是B。這兩道題中的as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,指代整個主句的內(nèi)容。將第12、

13題的題干分別改寫成下面兩句,試比較it用作形式主語的用法:

Itisreportedinthenewspapersthattalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.

Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

這種用法的as多見于這些習(xí)慣用語中:asanybodycansee;asiswellknown;aswehadexpected;asoften

happens;ashasbeensaidbefore;asismentionedabove等。

(三)it對關(guān)系代詞which的干擾

14.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET

1999)

A.itB.thatC.whenD.which

【解析】此題選Dowhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,代指主句的整個內(nèi)容。對比it的用法:Carolsaidthework

wouldbedonebyOctober,butpersonallyIdoubtitverymuch.

(四)it對其他代詞的干擾

15.1intendedtocomparenoteswithafriend,butunfortunatelycouldn9tsparemeevenone

minute.(2004重慶卷)

A.theyB.oneC.whoD.it

【解析】此題選A,they泛指“我”的朋友。

16.—There,scoffeeandtea;youcanhave.

-Thanks.(NMET2003)

A.eitherB.eachC.oneD.it

【解析】此題選A。either指兩者之中的任何一個,這里相當(dāng)于說:Youcanhaveeithercoffeeortea.

17.Itistheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.(NMET

2000)

A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it

【解析】此題選B,that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)詞。

18.Tomfeltthathekneweverybody*sbusinessbetterthantheyknewit.(NMET1996)

A.themselvesB.oneselfC.itselfD.himself

【解析】此題選A。句意:湯姆認(rèn)為,他對大家事情的了解勝過他們對自己事情的了解。

TheSubjunctiveMood:

虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望、猜測、建議或與事實不符的假設(shè)等,也可以表示可能性較

小的情況或不可能發(fā)生的情況,而不是客觀存在的事實(表示客觀事實要用陳述語氣)。虛擬語氣

是由句中謂語動詞的特殊形式表現(xiàn)出來的。虛擬語氣常用于復(fù)合句中,也可用于簡單句。

一、虛擬語氣的用法

I.PresentUnreal:

?IfI(you,he/she,we,they)+動詞過去式(were,did,had,etc.),should/would/could

/might+動詞原形

e.g.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfellsick.

IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug.

II.PastUnreal:

?IfI(you,he/she,we,they)+had+過去分詞,should/would/could/might+have+

過鼻?分詞

e.g.Ifshehadtoldhimaboutthedanger,hewouldnothavegothurt.

IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedthem.

III.Futureimpossible:

1.IfI(you,he/she,we,they)+動詞過去式(were,did,had,etc.),...should/would/

could/might+動詞原形

e.g.Iftheteacheraskedmetosolvetheproblemnexttime,Icouldtrymybest.

2.IfI(you,he/she,we,they)should+動詞原形,…should/would/could/might+動詞

原形

e.g.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.

3.IfI(you,he/she,we,they)+wereto+動詞原形,should/would/could/might+動詞原

e.g.Ifweweretopanic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.

二、虛擬語氣應(yīng)該注意的問題

I.關(guān)于假使條件虛擬語氣需注意的幾點

1.如果從句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間不一致,這種假

設(shè)條件句叫錯綜時間條件虛擬語氣.其主句和從句謂語動詞的構(gòu)成要根據(jù)所假設(shè)的時間而定.

1)IfIhadtakenthemedicine,Iwouldbebetternow.如果我服用了那種藥的話,現(xiàn)在就會好些

了.

2)Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.如果(前些日子)天氣更

好些,莊稼一定會長得更好.

2.Ifitwerenotfor/hadnotbeenfor...也是一種條件虛擬語氣從句,譯為“要不是因為.

1)Ifithadn'tbeenforthedoctor,hewouldn'thaverecoveredsosoon.

2)Ifitwerenotforthelackofspace,wewouldholdthesportsmeettoday.

3.有些條件是由一些短語引出的(butfor,with,without;otherwise,or,but,etc,)

1)Wecouldn'thaveachievedsomuchwithoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp).

2)Withoutsolarradiation,animalsandplantswoulddie.

3)Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.

4)Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodernindustry.

5)Ishouldhavereturnedthebooklastweek,butIwassobusythatIforgottodoso.

6)Hewashavingameeting;otherwisehewouldhavecomeovertohelpus.

7)Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty.

4.在某些隱含的虛擬條件簡單句中,虛擬語氣可通過上下文表現(xiàn)出來.謂語動詞用虛擬形式.

1)Anymeninhispositionwouldhavedonelikethat.

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論