2022年考研英語沖刺閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練163

2022年考研英語沖刺閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練163Intoday’spublicdomain，scientistsarehighlyrespectedbutnotnearlyasinfluentialastheyshouldbe．Inthearenaofpublicpolicy。theirvoicesaremostlymarginalized．Theydonothavetheinfluenceduetothembyvirtueoftheimportanceandrelevanceoftheirworkandofthepromisesanddangersitposesforourcommunallife．

Amongthemanyreasonsforscience’slagginginfluence，themajoroneisdifficulttoengagedirectly，becauseitissoelusive．Theunfortunaterealityisthatscientistsandtherestofsocietyoperateoutofvastlydifferentworldviews，especiallyinrelationtoassumptionsaboutwhatconstitutesknowledgeandhowtodealwithit．④Scientistsshareaworldviewthatpresupposesrationality，lawfulness，andorderliness．Theybelievethatanswerstomostempiricalproblemsareultimatelyobtainableifoneposestherightquestionsandapproachesthemscientifically．Theyarecomfortablewithmeasurementandquantification，andtheytakethelongview．Theybelieveinsharinginformation，andtheirorientationisinternationalistbecausetheyknowthateliscoveriestranscendborders．

ThenonscientificworldofeverydaylifeintheUnitedStatesmarchestoadifferentdrummer．Publiclifeisshotthroughandthroughwithirrationality，discontinuity，anddisorder．Decisionmakersrarelyhavetheluxuryofwaitingforverifiableanswerstotheirquestions，andwhentheyd0，almostnevergotothetroubleandcostofdevelopingthem．AverageAmericansareuncomfortablewithprobabilities，especiallyinrelationtoriskassessment，andtheirtimehorizonisshort．Policymakersareapprehensiveaboutsharinginformationandaremoreathomewithnationalintereststhanwithinternationalism．Mostproblemsareexperiencedwithanurgencyandimmediacythatmakepeopleimpatientforanswers；polieymakersmustdealwithissuesastheyariseandnotintermsoftheiraccessibilitytorationalmethodsofsolution。

Thisprofounddifferenceinworldviewmanifestsitselfinmanyforms，somesuperficial，somemoderatelyserious，andsomethatcryoutforurgentattention．[400words]

1．0urfuturemaybejeopardizedby______．

A．irrationality，discontinuity，anddisorder

B．thenarrowingdividebetweenscienceandsociety

C．thelackofinfluenceofscienceonpolicydecisions

D．thepromisesanddangersscienceposesforourcommunallife

2．Theunderlinedword“marginalized”inthe2ndparagraphmostprobablymeans______．

A．excluded

B．neglected

C．sacrificed

D．slighted

3．Oneimportantreasonforscience’slagginginfluenceisthat______．

A．mostempiricalproblemsarefrequentlyignoredbyscientificworld

B．rationality，1awfulness，andorderlinessareneverobtainableintherealworld

C．therelacksenoughcommunicationbetweenscientistsandnonscientists

D．policymakersusuallyholdadifferentworldviewfromthatofscientists

4．Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatmostpolicymakers______．

A．a(chǎn)reanythingbutscientists

B．a(chǎn)renotqualifiedfortheirjobs

C．a(chǎn)rerationalinmakingdecisions

D．a(chǎn)rerarelyconcernedaboutnationalinterests

5．Thispassageismainlyabout______．

A．theprofounddifferencebetweenscientistsandaveragepeople

B．theapparentseparationbetweenscienceandsociety

C．howtomakedecisions