2021大學(xué)英語專業(yè)考試試題

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，轉(zhuǎn)Word此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！2021大學(xué)英語專業(yè)考試試題學(xué)科、專業(yè)名稱：翻譯碩士專業(yè)I.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:Thereare30sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.A.showsup2.Asthedirectorcan’tcometothereception,I’mrepresentingthecompany________.A.onhisaccountB.onhisbehalfC.forhispartD.inhisinterest3.Thepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreight________are.5.HehasbeentransferredtotheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterandiswaitingto________surgery.C.underestimate8.Thethirdcandidateisa________.She’snewtopoliticsandisjustbeginningherA.whiteelephant9.WegototheSummerPalaceonfoot________.A.onpurposeB.onoccasionsC.onbehalf10.Itwascloudythismorning,butit________fine.A.turnedonB.turnedoverC.turnedup11.Inhis________tofurtherknowledgeoftheuniverse,manhasnowbeguntoexplorespace.A.attemptB.expeditionC.trialD.chase12.Thebusmovedslowlyinthethickfog.Wearrivedatour________almosttwo共9頁，第1頁hourslater.A.designationB.destinyC.destinationD.dignity13.Thenuclearfamily________aself-contained,self-satisfyingunitcomposedoffather,motherandchildren.A.referstoB.definesC.describesD.devotesto14.Somepollsshowthatroughlytwo-thirdsofthegeneralpublicbelievethatelderlyAmericansare________bysocialisolationandloneliness.A.reproached15.ThePacificislandattractsshoalsoftouristswithitsrich________offolkarts.A.heritageB.heredityC.heroismD.hermitage16.Itisimperativethatstudents________theirtermpapersontime.A.handinginB.handedinC.handinD.wouldhandin17.Anoldwomanwasbadlyhurtin________thepolicedescribeasanapparentlymotivelessattack.18.________onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinitepeace.19.AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellboys________togotoschool.B.beenencouragedD.beencouraged20.Joandidn’tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe________thebabyforhersis21.WearegoingtoLondonnextmonth.ThiswillbethefirsttimeI________there.A.havetraveledB.travelC.willtravelD.amtraveling22.Johnis________hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.A.nolessB.nomoreC.notlessD.noso23.Americanseat________astheyactuallyneedeveryday.A.twiceasmuchproteinC.twiceproteinasmuchB.twiceproteinasmuchtwiceD.proteinastwicemuch24.Who________wascomingtoseemeinmyofficethisafternoon?A.yousaidB.didyousayC.didyousaythatD.youdidsay共9頁，第2頁25.Shewouldhavebeenmoreagreeableifshehadchangedalittlebit,________?A.hadn’tsheB.hasn’tsheC.wouldn’tsheD.didn’tshe26.________you________furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.A.If;hadB.Have;hadC.Should;haveD.Incase;had27.________wewishhimprosperous,wehaveobjectionstohiswaysofobtainingwealth.A.Muchas28.AmongthefirsttocomeandliveinNorthAmerica________,wholaterprosperedmainlyinNewEngland.A.hadbeenDutchsettlersC.wereDutchsettlers29._______therewasanepidemicapproaching,Mr.Smith________theinvitationtovisitthatarea.A.Ifheknew;wouldhavedeclinedC.Hadheknown;woulddeclineD.Hadheknown;wouldhavedeclinedB.hearsomebodymourningII.ReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thispartconsistsoftwosections.InSectionA,therearethreepassagesfollowedbyatotalof15multiple-choicequestions.InSectionB,thereisonepassagefollowedbyatotalof5short-answerquestions.ReadthepassagesandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.SectionAMultiple-ChoiceQuestions(30%)Passage1Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheheadoftheLibraryofCongressistonameDonaldHall,awriterwhosedeceptivelysimplelanguagebuildsonimagesoftheNewEnglandlandscape,asthenation’s14thpoetlaureatetoday.Mr.Hall，apoetinthedistinctiveAmericantraditionofRobertFrost,hasalsobeenaharshcriticofthereligiousright’sinfluenceongovernmentartspolicy.AndasamemberoftheadvisorycounciloftheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsduringthe共9頁，第3頁administrationofGeorgeH.W.Bush,hereferredtothosehethoughtwereinterferingwithartsgrantsas“bulliesandartbashers”.HewillsucceedTedKooser,theNebraskanwhohasbeenthepoetlaureatesince2004.TheannouncementofMr.Hall’sappointmentistobemadebyJamesH.Billington,theLibrarianofCongress.Mr.BillingtonsaidthathechoseMr.Hallbecauseof“thesustainedqualityofhispoetry,thereachandthevarietyofthingshetalksabout”.LikeMr.Kooser,Mr.Billingtonsaid,“Mr.Hallevokesasenseofplace.”Mr.Hall,77,livesinawhiteclapboardfarmhouseinWilmot,N.H.,thathasbeeninhisfamilyforgenerations.Hesaidinatelephoneinterviewthathedidn’tseethepoetlaureateshipasabullypulpit.“Butit’sapulpitanyway,”hesaid.“IfIseeFirstAmendmentviolations,Iwillspeakup.’’Mr.Hallisanextremelyproductivewriterwhohaspublishedabout18booksofpoetry,20booksofproseand12children’sbooks.Hehaswonmanyawards,includinganationalBookCriticsCircleAwardin1989for“TheOneDay”，acollection.Inrecentyearsmuchofhispoetryhasbeenpreoccupiedwiththedeathofhiswife,thepoetJaneKenyon,in1995.RobertPinsky,whowaspoetlaureatefrom1997to2000saidhewelcomedMr.Hall’sespeciallyinlightofhispreviousoutspokennessaboutpoliticsandarts.“Thereissomethingnicelysymbolic，andmaybesurprising,”Mr.Pinskysaid,“thattheyhaveselectedsomeonewhohastakenastandforfreedom.”Thepositioncarriesanawardof$35,000and$5,000travelallowance.Itusuallylastsayear,thoughpoetsaresometimesreappointed.A.usessimpleEnglishtoexpresstheimagesoftheNewEnglandlandscapeB.dislikestheideaofimpactinggovernmentbytherightsideofthereligionC.isthe14thpoetlaureateappointedbytheCongressD.isamemberoftheadvisorycounciloftheNationalEndowmentfortheArts32.JamesH.Billington________.A.likesthepoemswithgreatdepthandwidthD.Mr.Hallmayholdthepositionforanotheryear.共9頁，第4頁B.ANewPoetLaureateD.TheWinningofaPoetQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.edon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,“ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI’llbuy.”Theownersays,“It’sbeenlikethatforyears.”Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedthroughexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays“No!”toaserialsofchargeslike“You’redumb,”“You’relazy,”and“You’redishonest,”mayalsosay“No!”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou’regoodlooking.”Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.36.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,if________.A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideasB.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelingsC.theytrytounderstandeachother’sideasbeyondwords共9頁，第5頁C.I’mjustsayingtheoppositeD.I’mjustgivingoffsomesound38.Theowner’sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans________.A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyearsB.hedoesn’tthinkitnecessarytofixthestepC.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfaultD.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared39.Someresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableif________.40.Theword“ritualistically”inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone________.A.withouttrueintentionPassage3Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Cellularslimemoldsareextraordinarylifeformsthatexhibitfeaturesofbothfungiandprotozoa,althoughoftenclassedforconveniencewithfungi.Atonetimetheywereregardedasorganismsofambiguoustaxonomicstatus,butmorerecentanalysisofDNAsequenceshasshownthatslimemoldsshouldberegardedasinhabitingtheirownseparatekingdom.Theiruniquenessliesintheirunusuallifecycle,whichalternatesbetweenafeedingstageinwhichtheorganismisessentiallyunicellularandareproductivestageinwhichtheorganismadoptsamulticellularstructure.Atthefirststagetheyarefree-living,separateamoebae,usuallyinhabitingtheforestfloorandingestingbacteriafoundinrottingwood,dung,ordampsoil.Buttheirfoodsuppliesarerelativelyeasilyexhaustedsincethecells’movementsarerestrictedandtheirfoodrequirementsratherlarge.Whenthecellsbecomestarvedofnutrition,theorganisminitiatesanewgeneticprogramthatpermitsthecellstoeventuallyfindanew,food-richenvironment.Atthispoint,thesingle-celledamoebaecombinetogethertoformwhatwilleventuallybecomeamulticellularcreature.Themechanismbywhichtheindividualmembersbecomeasingleentityisessentiallychemicalinnature.Atfirst,afewoftheamoebaestarttoproduceperiodicchemicalpulsesthataredetected,amplified,andrelayedtothe共9頁，第6頁surroundingmembers,whichthenmovetowardthepulseorigin.Intime,thesecellsformmanystreamsofcells,whichthencometogethertoformasinglehemisphericalmass.Thismassstickstogetherthroughthesecretionofadhesionmolecules.Themassnowdevelopsatip,whichelongatesintoafinger-likestructureofabout1or2millimetersinlength.Thisstructureeventuallyfallsovertoformaminiatureslug,movingasasingleentityorientingitselftowardlight.Duringthisperiodthecellswithinthemassdifferentiateintotwodistinctkindsofcell.Somebecomeprestalkcells,whichlaterformintoaverticalstalk,andothersformpresporecells,whichbecomethesporehead.Astheorganismmigrates,itleavesbehindatrackofslimeratherlikeagardenslug.Onceafavorablelocationhasbeenfoundwithafreshsourceofbacteriatofeedon,themigrationstopsandthecolonymetamorphosesintoafungus-likeorganisminaprocessknownas“culmination.”Thefrontcellsturnintoastalk,andthebackcellsclimbupthestalkandformaspherical-shapedhead,knownasthesorocarp.Thisfinalfruitingbodyisabout2millimetersinheight.Theheaddevelopsintospores,whicharedispersedintotheenvironmentandformthenextgenerationofamoebaecells.Thenthelifecycleisrepeated.Usuallythestalkdisappearsoncethesporeshavebeenreleased.Theprocessbywhichtheoriginallyidenticalcellsoftheslimemoldbecometransformedintomulticellularstructurescomposedoftwodifferentcelltypes—sporeandstalk—isofgreatinteresttodevelopmentalbiologistssinceitisanalogoustoanimportantprocessfoundinhigherorganismsinwhichorganswithhighlyspecializedfunctionsareformedfromunspecializedstemcells.Earlyexperimentsshowedwhichpartsoftheslimemoldorganismcontributedtotheeventualstalkandwhichpartstothehead.Scientistsstainedthefrontpartofaslugwithareddyeandattachedittothebackpartofadifferentslug.Thehybridcreaturedevelopedasnormal.Theexperimentersthennotedthatthestalkofthefruitingbodywasstainedredandthatthesporeheadwasunstained.Clearly,theanteriorpartoftheorganismculminatedinthestalkandtheposteriorpartinthesporehead.Nowadays,experimentsusingDNAtechnologyandfluorescentproteinsorenzymestolabelthepresporeandprestalkcellshavebeenundertaken.Thismoremolecularapproachgivesmorepreciseresultsthanusingstainingdyesbuthasessentiallybackeduptheresultsoftheearlierdyestudies.A.unknown42.Accordingtothepassage,whatisunusualabouttheslimemolds’lifecycle?A.Theyinhabittheirownkingdom.B.Theyareorganismswhoseclassificationisambiguous.C.Theyalternatebetweenunicellularandmulticellularstructures.D.Theyarefree-livingorganisms.43.AllofthefollowingsarementionedinthetextasbeingpartsofthemulticellularslugEXCEPT________.A.theheadB.thestalkC.legsD.spores44.Whydoestheauthorrefertothefungus-likeorganismasafruitingbody?A.Becauseithasbecomeoneentity.共9頁，第7頁B.contradictthedyestudiesC.arelessexactthanthedyestudiesD.haveintroducedconfusionaboutthedyestudyresultsQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:BarrySchwartzdidnotexpecttofeelinspiredonaclothes-shoppingtrip.“Iavoidbuyingjeans;Iwearonepairuntilitfallsapart,”saysSchwartz,anAmericanpsychologyprofessor.“ThelasttimeIhadboughtapairtherehadbeenjustonestyle.ButrecentlyIwasaskedifIwantedthisfitorthatfit,orthiscolororthat.Iintendedtobeoutshoppingforfiveminutesbutittookanhour,andIbegantofeelmoreandmoredissatisfied.”Thistripmadehimthink:didmorechoicealwaysmeangreatersatisfaction?“I’dalwaysbelievedthatchoicewasgood,andmorechoicewasbetter.Myexperiencegotmethinking:howmanyothersfeltlikeme?”Theresultwasawidelydiscussedstudythatchallengedtheideathatmoreisalwaysbetter.Drawingonthepsychologyofeconomics,whichlooksathowpeoplechoosewhattobuy,Schwartzdesignedaquestionnairetoshowthedifferencesbetweenwhathetermed‘maximisers’and‘satisficers’.Broadlyspeaking,maximisersarekeentomakethebestpossiblechoices,andoftenspendtimeresearchingtoensurethattheirpurchasescannotbebettered.Satisficersaretheeasy-goingpeople,delightedwithitemsthataresimplyacceptable.Schwartzputsforwardtheview,whichcontrastswithwhatpoliticiansandsalesmenwouldhavepeoplebelieve,thattheunstoppablegrowthinchoiceisindangerofruininglives.“I’mnotsayingnochoiceisgood.Buttheaveragepersonmakesatleast200decisionseveryday,andIdon’tthinkthere’sroomforanymore.”Hisstudymayhelptoexplainthepeculiarparadoxofthewealthy—psychologistsandeconomistsarepuzzledbythefactthatpeoplehavenotbecomehappierastheyhavebecomericher.Infact,theabilitytodemandwhateveriswantedwheneveritiswantedhasinsteadledtorisingexpectations.Thesearchforperfectioncanbefoundineveryareaoflifefrombuyingsoappowdertoselectingacareer.Certaindecisionsmayautomaticallycloseoffotherchoices,andsomepeoplearethenupsetbythethoughtofwhatelsemighthavebeen.Schwartzsays,“Ifyoumakeadecisionandit’sdisappointing,don’tworryaboutit,itmayactuallyhavebeenagooddecision,just