2022年福建省三明市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)

2022年福建省三明市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

AccordingtoNadine'scalculation,shecanpayoffallherdebtwhensheis______ifshecangetasalaryof$120.000ayearfightoutoflawschool.

2.

Ifyouoftenfailtoachieveyourgoals,youshouldholdonandthrowyourselfinto______.

3.

MonkeyBaileyoncelivedinLittleRiverZoo.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Thesolarspectrumincludesvisiblelight,infraredlight,X-rays,and______.

5.TheScienceofInterruptions

In2000,GloriaMarkwashiredasaprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia.Shewouldarriveatherdeskinthemorning,fullofenergyandreadytotackleherto-dolist.Nosoonerhadshestartedonetaskthanacolleaguewoulde-mailherwithanurgentrequest;whenshewenttoworkonthat,thephonewouldring.Attheendoftheday,Markhadaccomplishedafractionofwhatshesetouttodo.

Lotsofpeoplecomplainthatofficemultitaskingdrivesthemnuts.ButMarkstudieshowhigh-techdevicesaffectourbehavior,soshewasabletodomorethancomplain,shesetouttomeasurehownutswe'veallbecome.Shewatchedcubicle(辦公室隔間)dwellersastheysurfedthechaosofmodernofficelifeandfoundeachemployeespentonlyten-and-a-halfminutesonanygivenprojectbeforebeinginterrupted.Eachshortprojectwasitselffragmentedintothree-minutetasks,likeansweringe-mailmessagesorworkingonasheet.

Mark'sstudyalsorevealedthatinterruptionsareoftencrucialtoofficework.Thehigh-techworkersadmittedthatmanyoftheirdailydistractionswereessentialtotheirjobs.Whensomeoneforwardsyouanurgente-mailmessage,it'softensomethingyoureallydoneedtosee;ifamobilephonecallbreaksthrough,itmightbethecallthatsavesyourhide.

Forsomecomputerengineersandacademics,thisrealizationhasbegunraiseanattractivepossibility:perhapswecanfindanidealmiddleground.Ifhigh-techworkdistractionsareinevitable,maybewecanre-engineerthemsowereceivealloftheirbenefitsbutfewoftheirdownsides.

TheBirthofMultitasking

Thescienceofinterruptionsbeganmorethan100yearsagowiththeemergenceoftelegraphoperators--thefirsthigh-stress,time-sensitiveinformation-technologyjobs.Psychologistsdiscoveredthatifsomeonespoketoatelegraphoperatorwhilehewaskeyingamessage,theoperatorwasmorelikelytomakeerrors.Later,psychologistsdeterminedthatwheneverworkersneededtofocusonajobthatrequiredthemonitoringofdata,presentationwasallimportant.Usingthisknowledge,cockpits(駕駛艙)forfighterpilotswerecarefullydesignedsothateachdialandmetercouldbereadwithjustaglance.

Still,suchissuesseemedremotefromthelivesofeverydayworkers.Then,inthe1990s,computersbegantoexperiencearapidincreaseinspeedandpower."Multitasking"wasborn;insteadofsimplyworkingononeprogramforhoursatatime,acomputeruserworksonseveralsimultaneously.Officeworkersnowstareatcomputerscreensofoverwhelmingcomplexity,astheyjuggle(操縱)messages,textdocuments,PowerPointpresentationsandWebbrowsers.Inthemodernofficeweareallfighterpilots.

EffectofMultitasking:Computer-affectedBehavior

Informationisnolongerascarceresourceattentionis.20yearsago,anofficeworkerhadtwotypesofcommunicationtechnology:aphone,whichrequiredaninstantanswer,andpostalmail,whichtookdays.Nowpeoplehavedozensofpossibilitiesbetweenthesetwopoles.

Theresultissomethinglike"continuouspartialattention",whichmakesussobusykeepinganeyeoneverythingthatweneverfullyfocusonanything.Thiscanactuallybeapositivefeeling,inasmuchastheconstantemaildingingmakesusfeelneededanddesired.Butwhathappenswhenyoutakethattotheextreme?Yougetoverwhelmed.Sanityliesindanger.

In1997,MicrosoftrecruitedMaryCzerwinski,whoonceworkedinNASA'sHuman-computerInteractionLab,toconductbasicresearchtofindouthowcomputeraffecthumanbehavior.Shetook39officeworkersandinstalledsoftwareontheircomputersthatwouldrecordeverymouseclick.Shediscoveredthatcomputeruserswereasrestlessashummingbird.Onaverage,theyjuggledeightwindowsatthesametime.Moreastonishing,

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Typicallythinpeopleusuallyfinishwhatisontheplatewhenthey______.

7.

Thehighertheheightfromtheground,thehigherthewindspeed.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Learningaboutacountry'scultureisashowofrespectandisalwaysdeeplyappreciated.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.Accordingtopassage,whichofthefollowingisnowtrueabouttheNewfoundlandfisheries?

A.Normalfishingcouldstartagainin2007.

B.Catchesof2700tonsayearonlyarepermitted.

C.Fishingwithdraggerswillbeallowedagainin2007.

D.Nocodfishingisallowedbutsomeotherspeciescanbecaught.

10.

The"InternetJunkies"aretooengrossedwiththeirInternetworldto______theiractuallife.

11.

ThebeggarsinLondon______speakwithanyonewhotalkedaboutAmerica.

12.

Accordingtotheauthor,iftheanimalsareabletospeak,theycanlaugh.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.Bullying(欺凌弱小者)atSchool:TacklingtheProblem

A.Abroaddefinitionofbullyingiswhenastudentisrepeatedlyexposedtonegativeactionsofthepartofoneormoreotherstudents.Thesenegativeactionscantaketheform.ofphysicalcontact,verbalabuse,ormakingfacesandrudegestures.Spreadingrumorsandexcludingthevictimfromagrouparealsocommonforms.Bullyingalsoentailsanimbalanceinstrengthbetweenthebulliesandvictim,whatexpertscallanasymmetricpowerrelationship.

B.Bullyingamongschoolchildreniscertainlyaveryoldphenomenon,thoughitwasnotuntiltheearly1970sthatitwasmadetheobjectofsystematicresearch.ThoughthisresearchoriginallyfocusedonScandinavia,bythe1980sbullyingamongschoolchildrenhadattractedwiderattentionincountriessuchasAustralia,Canada,Japan,theNetherlands,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.

C.Thesurveysofmorethan150,000studentsshowthatsome15%ofpupilsinelementaryandlowersecondary/juniorhighschools,roughlycorrespondingtoages7to16,inScandinaviaareinvolvedinbully/victimproblemswithsomeregularity--eitherasbullies,victimsorboth.Approximately9%arevictims,and7%bullyotherstudentswithsomeregularity.Arelativelysmallproportion(15%-20%)ofthevictimsarethemselvesbulliesofotherpupils.Thesefiguresprobablyunderestimatetheproblem,andthereareindicationsthatthelevelofbullyinghasrisenoverthelast10--15years.Moreworrying,itisthemorefrequentandsevereformsofbullyingthathaveincreasedmost.

D.Scandinaviaisclearlynotthestablerockofpeaceandcalmitisoftenportrayedtobe.Still,bullyingmaybemoreprevalentinothercountries.Forexample,oneBritishstudyofover6,700studentsshowsthatmorethanaquarter(27%)ofprimaryschoolstudentsreportedbeingbulliedwithsomeregularity;thisfigurewas10%forsecondaryschoolstudents.Withregardtobullyingotherstudents,correspondingfigureswere12%forprimaryand6%forsecondaryschoolstudents.

E.Thesearetherawdata,butwhataboutthebackground?Thereisconsiderableresearchliteratureonthecharacteristics,familybackgrounds,long-termoutcomesforvictimsandbullies,mechanismsandgroupprocessesinvolved.Fundamentally,bullyinghastobeseenasacomponentofmoregenerallyantisocialandrule-breakingbehavior.Inotherstudies,some35%to40%ofboyswhowerecharacterizedasbulliesinGrades6to9(ages13to16)hadbeenconvictedofatleastthreeofficiallyregisteredcrimesbytheageof24.Incontrast,thiswastrueofonly10%ofboyswhowerenotclassifiedasbullies.Inotherwords,formerschoolbullieswerefourtimesmorelikelythanotherpupilstoengageinrelativelyseriouscrime.

F.Thereareseveralcommonassumptionsaboutthecausesofschoolbullyingforwhichthereisnosupportingevidence.Theyincludeclaimsthatbullyingisaconsequenceoflargeclassorschoolsizes,orofthecompetitionforgradesandotherpressuresthatschoolgenerates.Anothercommonassumptionisthatunderatoughsurfacebullies,infact,sufferfrompoorself-esteemandinsecurity.Theseviewsarenomoreaccuratethanthestereotypethatstudentswhoarefat,red-hairedandwearglassesareparticularlylikelytobecomevictimsofbullying.

G.Inreality,otherfactorsaremoreimportant.Certainpersonalitycharacteristicsandtypicalreactionpatterns,combinedwiththelevelofphysicalstrengthorweaknessinthecaseofboys,canhelptoexplainthedevelopmentofbullyingproblemsinindividualstudents.Atthesametime,environmentalinfluences,suchasteachers'attitudes,behavior.andsupervisoryroutinesplayacrucialroleindeterminingtheextenttowhichtheseproblemswillmanifestthemselvesinaclassroomoraschool.

H.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Theteenagerswhoconductbullyinginschoolwillcommitcrimesintheiradulthoods.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

SalvadorDaliisafamoussurrealistpainter,whoseworksarehighlycontroversialfromthemodernismorevenpost-modernismperspective.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Afterspendingcountlesshoursimprovingsomeaspectofaprogram,thehobbyistofFlightSimulatorthen______.

17.

HenrikChristensenismostconcernedaboutwhetherrobotsare______.

A.harmlessB.powerfulC.intelligentD.durable

18.Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?

A.Polarbears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.

19.

Tosaveenergyforanunexpectedsituation,yourbodystoresanaccumulationof______.

20.

Sociolectsoftendevelopduetosocialdivisionswithinasociety,suchasthoseof______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B9】

22.(21)

A.Betterthanotherpunishment.

B.Humanism.

C.Benefitsociety.

D.Canrootoffguilty.

23.(28)

A.StudentswithhigherSATverbalscoreswhousethegrammarandspellingsoftware.

B.StudentswithlowerSATverbalscoreswhousethegrammarandspellingsoftware.

C.StudentswithhigherSATverbalscoreswhodon'tusethegrammarandspellingsoftware.

D.StudentswithlowerSATverbalscoreswhodon'tusethegrammarandspellingsoftware.

24.聽(tīng)力原文：W:DidyouvisitthetelevisiontowerwhenyouhadyourvocationinShanghailastsummer?

M:Icouldn'tmakeitlastJune,butIfinallyvisitedittwomonthslater.Iplannedtovisititagainsometimenextyear.

Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?

(19)

A.HewillvisittheTVtowerinJune.

B.HehasvisitedtheTVtowertwice.

C.HesawthebigtowerhevisitedonTV.

D.Hehasvisitedthetoweronce.

25.(18)

A.Sheisatschool.

B.Sheisatthelibrary.

C.Sheisattileswimmingpool.

D.Sheisathome.

26.(24)

A.Shewantstoquitherjobinthechemistrylab.

B.Shewantstogetpracticalexperience.

C.She'sinterestedinbecomingapsychologymajor.

D.Shewantstoearnextramoney.

27.(36)

A.In1928.B.In1982.C.In1980.D.In1920.

28.(35)

A.Undertheirarms.

B.Undertheircoats.

C.Onthefloorbetweenthelegs.

D.Onthewrist.

29.聽(tīng)力原文：Afewmonthsago,millionsofpeopleinLondonheardalarmsalloverthetown.Emergencyservices,theFireDepartment,thePolice,hospitals.Andambulancesstoodby,readytogointoaction.Inrailwayandundergroundstations,peoplereadnoticesandmaps,whichtoldthemwheretogoandwhattodoinanemergency.ThiswasExerciseFloodCall,topreparepeopleforafloodemergency.Londonwasn'tfloodedyet,butitispossiblethatitwouldbe.In1236andin1663,Londonwasbadlyflooded.In1928,peoplelivinginWestminster,theheartofLondon,drownedinfloods.Andin1953,onehundredpeople,livingontheeasternedgeoftheLondonsuburbswerekilledagaininfloods.Atlast,GreaterLondonCounciltookactiontopreventthisdisasterfromhappeningagain.Thoughafloodwallwasbuiltinthe1980s,Londonersstillmustbepreparedforthepossibledisaster.Ifithappens,50undergroundstationswillbeunderwater.Electricity,gasandphoneserviceswillbeoutofaction.Roadswillbesubmerged.ItwillbeimpossibletocrossanyofthebridgesbetweenNorthandSouthLondon.Imagine:LondonwilllooklikethefamousItaliancity,Venice.ButthisExerciseFloodCalldidn'tcausepanicamongLondoners.Mostpeopleknewitwasjustawarning.Oneladysaid,"It'safloodwarning,isn'tit?Thewaterdoesn'tlooknightome."

(31)

A.TheheartofLondonwasflooded.

B.Anemergencyexercisewasconducted.

C.100peopleinthesuburbsweresubmerged.

D.OneofthebridgesbetweenNorthandSouthLondoncollapsed.

30.(26)

A.LearnmoreaboutAmericanwomen.

B.Joinacourseonwomenstudieswithhim.

C.Allowthehistoryprofessortosavehisface.

D.Listentosomeclassesonwomenstudies.

31.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,【B1】______havereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeen【B2】______byelectromagnetic(電磁的)interference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,but【B3】______,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronic【B4】______suchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersand【B5】______telephones.RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviationindustry,has【B6】______thatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduring"【B7】______"stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.【B8】______,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,【B9】______.

Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesemitradiationwhicheffectsthosewavelengths(波長(zhǎng))whichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,because【B10】______.

Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerabletointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.【B11】______.

【B1】

32.

【B6】

33.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Doyouthinkyoucouldcallataxitotakemetothetrainstation?

M:Callataxi?I'llgiveyouaridemyself.

Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?

(18)

A.Callataxiforthewoman.

B.Rideahorsewiththewoman.

C.Takethewomantothebusstation.

D.Drivethewomantothetrainstation.

34.

【B4】

35.

【B10】

36.

【B7】

37.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Themanwillarriveatthehotelonlyfourteenminuteslate.

B.Themanhasaquartertogettothehotel.

C.Themanwillcertainlymisshisbusiness.

D.Thewomandoesnotthinkshewillbeabletodrivequickly.

38.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Afewyearsagoitwas【B1】______tospeakofagenerationgap,adivisionbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirelders.Parents【B2】______thatchildrendidnotshowthemproperrespectand【B3】______,whilechildrencomplainedthattheirparentsdidnotunderstandthematall.Whathadgonewrong?Whyhadthegenerationgapsuddenlyappeared?【B4】______thegenerationgaphasbeenaroundforalongtime.Many【B5】______arguethatitisbuiltintothefabricofoursociety.

Oneimportantcauseofthegenerationgapisthe【B6】thatyoungpeoplehavetochoosetheirownlifestyles.Inmore【B7】______societies,whenchildrengrowup,theyareexpectedtoliveinthesameareaastheirparents,tomarrypeoplethattheirparentsknowand【B8】______of,andoftentocontinuethefatuityoccupation.Inoursociety,youngpeopleoftentravelgreatdistancesfortheireducation,moveoutofthefamilyhomeatanearlyage,marryorlivewith【B9】______

Inourupwardlymobilesociety,parentsoftenexpecttheirchildrentodobetterthantheydid:tofindbetterjobs,tomakemoremoney,andtodoallthethingsthattheywereunabletodo.Often,however,【B10】______often,theydiscoverthattheyhaveverylittleincommonwitheachother.

Finally,thespeedatwhichchangestakeplaceinoursocietyisanothercauseofthegapbetweenthegenerations.Inatraditionalculture,【B11】______.Theyoungandtheoldseemtoliveintwoverydifferentworlds,separatedbydifferentskillsandabilities.

【B1】

39.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Hi,Nancy.CouldIborrowsomemoneyuntilpayday?

W:Uh,yeah,Iguess.Howarethingsgoinganyway?

M:Well,notverywell.I'veusedmycreditcardstopayoffalotofthingsrecently,butnow,Ican'tseemtopaythemoneyoff.

W:Uh,doyouhaveabudget?Imean,howdoyoukeeptrackofyourincomeandexpenses?

M:No,butIguessIshouldhavesomefinancialplans.

W:Well,letmeseeifIcanhelpyou.Howmuchmoneydoyouspendonyourapartment?

M:Uh,Ipay$890onrentforthestudioapartmentdowntown,notincludingutilitiesandcableTV.Buttheplacehasanawesomeviewofthecity.

W:Uh,$890!Whyareyoupayingsomuchforsuchasmallplace,whenyoucouldfindacheaperonesomewhereoutsideofthedowntownarea?

M:Yeah,Iguess.

W:Howmuchmoneydoyouspendonentertainmentamonth?

M:Well,Ispendafewdollarshereandthereonbasketballandmovietickets,aconcertortwo,andballroomdancelessons.

W:Uh,exactlyhowmuchdoyouspendonallofthese?

M:Well,oh...about$400.

W:Nowonderyou'rehavingmoneyproblems.Youcan'tjustblowyourmoneyonthingslikethat!Andwhatabouttransportation?

M:Oh,Icommutetoworkeverydayinmynewsportscar,butIgotagreatdeal,andmymonthlypaymentsareonly$450.

W:Well,Ithinkyou'vegottoreduceyourspending,oryou'llendupbroke.Isuggestyougetridofyourcreditcards,cutdownonyourentertainmentexpenses,andsellyourcar.Takepublictransportationfromnowon.

(20)

A.Howtoborrowmoneyfromfriends.

B.Howtoreduceexpensesontransportation.

C.Howtoworkoutafinancialplan.

D.Howtorentacheapapartment.

40.聽(tīng)力原文：W:I'dbetterreadoneofthearticlesforoureconomicsclass.

M:Youcan'treadjustone.Eachpresentsadifferenttheory,youknow.

Q:Whatdoesthemantellthewomanshemustdo?

(14)

A.Presentanewtheorytotheclass.

B.Readmorethanonearticle.

C.Readthebookmorethoroughly.

D.Writeahatterarticlefortheclass.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.(54)

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

In1791,theFrenchnation,inthemidstofarevolution,wishedtobreakwiththepast,especiallywiththoseaspectsofitwhichtheyconsideredillogicalanduseless.Oneofthesewasthetraditionalsystemofweightsandmeasurestheninuse.Notonlywasthesystemoverlycomplicate,butitalsovaried(47)______fromplacetoplace.

Inconstructingthenewsystem,theFrenchbeganbysettingupaUnitofdistance(48)______tooneforty-millionthpartoftheearth'scircumference.Unfortunately,latermeasurementsshowedthattheunitdesignatedwasnotexactlythatfraction,butthey(49)______touseit.(Todaytheunitisdefinedsimply(50)______thedistancebetweentwomarksonaplatinum-iridiumbarkeptinasuburbof(51)______).Theunitisthemeter,andthesystemofmeasurements(52)______onthisuntilisthemetricsystem,thesystem(53)______usedbyscientistsovertheworld.

Themetricsystemisbuiltinunitsof(54)______,GreekprefixedshowingmultiplesandLatinprefixedshowingfractions.TheGreekshadnowordforanumberlargerthantenthousandandtheRomanshadnone(55)______anumberlargerthanonethousand,butthesystemwasextendedbyusingless(56)______words;forinstance,megameter(onemillionmeters)isderivedfromaGreekwordthatmeanssimply"large".

WordBank:

A.widelyI.specific

B.equalJ.based

C.continuedK.divided

D.todayL.calculated

E.tenM.to

F.asN.London

G.forO.opposed

H.Paris

43.

Whichofthefollowingwillmostbeadvertisedintheclassifiedsection?

A.Jobengagement.

B.Houserenting.

C.Automobileads.

D.Cigaretteads.

44.

ThefiguresabouttheUS,EuropeandJapaninPara.3showthatfrom2001______.

A.workers'wagesinJapankeepdecreasing

B.workers'wagesintheUSincreasefasterthantheprofits

C.workers'shareofnationalincomeinWesternEuropehasbeendropping

D.workers'wagesinthesecountriestakeasmallerportionofthenationalincome

45.

Whydotheinstitutionswanttopartnerwithprivatecompanies?

A.Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignshastakenplace.

B.Theywanttoinfusepeoplewithmarketingideas.

C.Theywanttobemarket-orientedinstitutions.

D.Governmentspendingontheinstitutionsisgreatlycurtailed.

46.

Bysaying"Itmaynotbeeveryone'scupoftea",Evelynmeant"______".

47.(57)

48.(58)

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

SomeonehascalculatedthatbythetimeanAmericanreachestheageof40,heorshehasbeenexposedtoonemillionads.Anotherestimateisthatwehaveencounteredmorethan600,000adsbythetimewereachtheageofonly18.Now,ofcourse,wedon'trememberwhatexactlytheysaidorevenwhattheproductwas,butacompositemessagegetsthrough:thatyoudeservethebest,thatyoushouldhaveitnow,andthatit'sokaytoindulgeyourself,becauseyoudeservethecompliments,sexappeal,oradventureyouaregoingtogetasaresultofbuyingthiscarorthosecigarettes.

Ourconsumer-basedeconomymakestwoabsolutelyreciprocalpsychologicaldemandsonitsmembers.Ontheonehand,youneedthe"discipline"valuestoensurethatpeoplewillbegoodworkersandleadorderly,law-abidinglives.Ontheotherhand,youneedthe"enjoyyourself"messagestogetpeopletobegoodconsumers.Oneauthorwasdisturbedaboutthe"enjoyyourself"side,butacknowledgedthat"withoutameansofstimulatingmassconsumption,theverystructureofourbusinessenterprisewouldcollapse."

Theinterestingquestionhastodowiththepsychologicalconsequencesofthediscrepancybetweenthedualmessages.The"discipline"or"traditionalvalues"themedemandsthatonecompartmentofthepersonalityhaveawillstrongenoughtokeeptheindividualdoingunpleasantworkatlowwages,ortostayinanunhappymarriage,and,ingeneral,todothingsforthegoodofthecommonwealth.

The"enjoyyourself"message,ontheotherhand,tendstoencourageaverydifferentkindofpersonality—onethatisself-centered,basedonimpulse,andisunwillingtodelayrewards.Asanillustration,Ican'tresistrecitingoneofmyfavoriteadsofalltime,anadfromapsychologymagazine:"Iloveme.I'mjustagoodfriendtomyself.AndIliketodowhatmakesmefeelgood.Iusedtositaround,puttingthingsofftilltomorrow.TomorrowI'lldrinkchampagne,andbuyasetofpearls,andpickupthatnewstereo.ButnowIlivemydreamstoday,nottomorrow."

Sowhathappenstousaswetakeintheseopposingmessages,asweare,infact,tornbetweentheoppositepersonalitytypesthatoursocietyseemstorequireofus?Theresultisanxiety,fear,andamysteriousdread.Thefearofbeingsuckedinanddraggeddownbyourconsumercultureisreal:thecreditcardcompanyisnotfriendlywhenyoudefaultonyourbills.Andweallknowthatthepathofpleasure-seekingandblindacquisitionisarecipeforfinancialruin—formostofus,anyway—andthat,inAmericansociety,themisn'tmuchofasafetynettocatchyouifyoufall.

FromthefirstparagraphweknowthatadsinAmericaarevery______.

A.pervasiveB.convincingC.successfulD.impressive

50.【S6】

51.

Themostsuitabletitleforthewholepassageis______.

52.

Whatwouldbeonepossibleexplanationformen'squickerresponsetoanger?

53.

Asaharmlessrevenge,youmightcomefirstandgetaraiseby______.

A.pleasingyourboss

B.gettingupearlierthanyourcolleagues

C.destroyingyourcolleagues'cars

D.makingyourcolleaguescomelate

54.

Theauthorimpliesthatthegoalofcollegeeducationshouldbetodevelopthestudents'abilityto______.

A.findcommercialapplicationsforscientificresearch

B.setupinformedgoalsbeforedoinganyscientificresearch

C.thinkcriticallyandindependentlyabouthowresearchisapplied

D.adaptreadilytothescientificdevelopmentinthecommercialsector

55.Recently-marriedwomencan'tsleepassoundlyasthosemarriedlongerbecausetheymaybe______withtheirhusband.

56.SomeofthemostbasicconceptsofpsychologyweredefinedbySigmundFreudandtwoofhisfollowers,AlfredAdlerandCarlGustavJung.

SigmundFreud,anAustrianneurologist,