閱讀理解主旨大意題

HowtograspthemainideaofapassageoraparagraphinNMETRenJuanjuan2006年61題,71題,75題2007年64題,70題,75題2008年61題,66題,71題2009年65題,66題,75題近幾年山東高考閱讀理解主旨大意題:主旨大意題在閱讀理解中的地位：

1、主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的歸納概括能力：能否分辨主題和細(xì)節(jié)；能否具備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力。2、另一方面，在閱讀中抓主旨大意并不只是單純?nèi)?yīng)對閱讀理解題中的主旨大意題，換言之，即使文章后沒有設(shè)計主旨大意題，同樣要首先抓住文章的主旨大意；也就是說，抓主旨大意是解答閱讀理解所有題型的基礎(chǔ)和前提。只有首先把握文章的主旨大意，抓住了文章的靈魂與中心，閱讀理解這個難關(guān)才能迎刃而解。1)What’sthemainideaofthetext?2)Thetextismainlyabout_____.3)Themainideaofthepassage/paragraphis_____.4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?5)Themainpurposeofthetextisto_____.6)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?I.mainidea型,即主題題.II.topic或title型,即標(biāo)題題.主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:Passage1

Fewlawsaresoeffectivethatyoucanseeresultsjustdaysaftertheytakeeffect.Butintheninedayssincethefederalcigarettetaxmorethandoubled—to$1.01perpack—smokershavejammedtelephone“quitlines”acrossthecountryseekingtokickthehabit.……Theinfluenceisobvious.InNewYork,highschoolsmokinghitanewlowinthelatestsurveys—13.8%,farbelowthenationalaverage.Bycomparison,26%ofhighschoolstudentssmokeinKentucky,Otherlow-taxstateshavesimilarlydepressingteen-smokingrecords.Q:Thetextismainlyabout_____.A.thepriceofcigarettesB.therateofteensmoking.C.theeffectoftobaccotaxincreaseD.thedifferencesintobaccotaxratecPassage2Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.Toooftenitisviewedasmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority（優(yōu)先）.Thisviewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforallstudents.Musictellsuswhoweare.……Musicprovidesakindofperception（感知）thatcannotbeacquiredanyotherway.……Scienceandtechnologydonottelluswhatitmeanstobehuman.Somusiceducationisfarmorenecessarythanpeopleseemtorealize.Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Musiceducationdeservesmoreattention.B.Musicshouldbeoftopeducationpriority.C.Musicisaneffectivecommunicationtool.D.Musiceducationmakesstudentsmoreimaginative.A解主旨大意類閱讀理解題的思路：1.通讀全文，重視首段，注意每段第一句話（尤其是論述性或說明性文章）2.歸納文章的段落大意，把握文章總體3.重視重要情節(jié)，人物及事物特征4.注意觀察，找準(zhǔn)貫穿上下文的關(guān)鍵句或關(guān)鍵詞5.在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上確定主題句或自己歸納總結(jié)Practicemakesperfect!

文首找主題句，提煉文章標(biāo)題。新聞報道、說明文、議論文

Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Theythingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.Q:Whatisthetopicofthetext?A.YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C.ReasonsforStealingD.ANormalChild’sActions.BPassage2

Boston----ThievesdressedaspoliceenteredamuseumearlySundayandstole11paintings,includingmajorworksbyRembrandt,Dagas,ManetandVermerr,FBI(美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局)andthemuseumofficialssaid.Thefirstjudgmentplacedvalueofatleast$100millionontheworksstolenfromtheIsabellaGardenerMuseum,saidBostonpolicespokes-manJimTordan………WilliamBobinson,ofHardvardUnivercity’sFoggelMuseum,calledtheobjectsstolen“majorworks.”Q:Whatisthebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticle?

ATheftTookPlaceinBostonArtworksstolenbyThievesC.MajorWorksD.Investigationintothetheft

B主題句隱含在文中，注意觀察，找準(zhǔn)貫穿上下文的關(guān)鍵句或關(guān)鍵詞，體會每段的大意，就能找出或歸納出短文的主旨大意。Passage3:

Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?

HowpeoplestayhealthyHowsleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.WhenpeopleremembertheirdreamsCPassage4

BrianarrivedattheSanFranciscoairporttwohoursbeforetheflighttoParis.Hewaswearingthreeshirts,ajacket,twopairsofsocks,apairofshorts,andtwopairsofjeans.Hewascarryingonesmallbackpack,whichwasveryfull,buthedidn’thaveanyotherluggage.BrianneededtomeetamannamedTonybeforehecheckedinforhisflight.HefoundTonyneartheAirFrancecounter.Tonygavehimaround-tripticketandasmallpackage.……IsBrianacriminal（犯罪）?Notatall.Heisanaircourier.Andhepaidonly$110fortheround-triptickettoParis.Aircouriersgetcheapairlineticketsbecausetheytakeimportantpackagesandpaperstoforeigncountries.Businessessometimesneedtogetpackagesandpaperstopeopleinforeigncountriesbythenextday.Often,theonlywaytheycandothisistouseanair-couriercompany.Itisnotcheapforabusinesstosendapackagewithanaircourier,butitisquick.Q：Theauthorofthetextmainly_______.A.describestheactivitiesofalaw-breakerB.suggestsanidealwaytotravelC.arguesagainsttheair-couriertravelD.tellsusaboutadevelopingbusinessD

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