2010英語專八真題及答案版

2010英語專八TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS-GRADE LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35SECTION MINI-Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Completethegap-fillingtask.Someofthegapsbelowmayrequirea umofTHREEwords.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrtically&semanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournotes.ParalinguisticFeaturesofInface-to-facecommunicationspeakersoftenaltertheirtomesofvoiceorchangetheirphysicalposturesinordertoconveymessages.Thesemeansarecalledparalinguisticfeaturesoflanguage,whichfallintotwocategories.Firstcategory:vocalparalinguistic :toexpressattitudeor needfor deep extralip-rounding:greaterintimacySecondcategory:physicalparalinguisticfeaturesfacial smiling:signalofpleasure lesscommon eyebrowraising:surpriseor lipbiting: gesturesarerelatedtoBritish shruggingshoulders:(5) scratchinghead:othercinghandupon

pointingatnose:proximity,postureandproximity:physicaldistancebetween closeness:intimacyor(7) :formalityorabsenceofinterest Proximity -,culture-and - hunchedshouldersorahanginghead:to directleveleyecontact:toexpressanopenorchallenging definition:imitationofsimilar :aidin consciousimitation:SECTION InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.NowlistentotheAccordingtoDrJohnson,diversitymergingofdifferentculturalmoreemphasisonembracingofmoreethnicacceptanceofmorebranchesofAccordingtotheinterview,whichofthefollowingstatementsinSomecesaremorediversethanTownsarelessdiversethanlargeDiversitycanbeseenAmericanisatrulydiverseAccordingtoDrJohnson,whichcewillwitnessaradicalchangeinitsracialmakeupbyDuringtheinterviewDrJohnsonindicatesgreaterracialdiversityexistsamongyoungerbotholderandyoungerpopulationsareraciallyagediversitycouldleadtopensionolderpopulationsaremoreraciallyAccordingtotheinterview,religiouswasmostevidentbetween1990andexistsamongMuslimisrestrictedtocertaincesintheisspreadingtomorepartsoftheSECTION InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.NowlistentotheWhatisthemainideaofthenewsSonydevelopedacomputerchipforcellJapanwillmarketitswalletphoneThewalletphoneisoneofthewirelessReaderdevicesareavailableatstoresandQuestion7and8isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.NowlistentotheWhichofthefollowingismentionedas ernment’smeasuretocontrolForeignDonorPriceBankAccordingtoKingdomBank,whatisthecurrentinflationratein20million2.2million11.2millionOver11.2millionQuestion9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestion.NowlistentotheWhichofthefollowingisAbigfireeruptedontheNileHelicopterswereusedtoevacuateFivepeopleweretakentohospitalforAbigfiretookceontwoThelikelycauseofthebigfireelectricalshort-lackoffire-satefynot READINGCOMPREHENSION(30Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourcolouredanswersheet.Still,theimageofanycityhasahalf-lifeofmanyyears.(Sodoesitsname,officiallychangedin2001fromCalcuttatoKolkata,whichisclosertowhatthewordsoundslikeinBengali.ConversinginEnglish,IneverheardanyonecallthecityanythingbutCalcutta.)ToWesterners,theconveyancemostidentifiedwithKolkataisnotitsmodernsubway—afacilitywhosespaciousstationshaveartonthewallsandcricketmatchesonevisionmonitors—butthehand-pulledrickshaw.Storiesandficelebrateaprimitive-lookingcartwithhighwoodenwheels,pulledbysomeonewholooksclosetoneedingthesuccorofMotherTeresa.Foryearstheernmenthasbeentalkingabouteliminatinghand-pulledrickshawsonwhatitcallshumanitariangrounds—principallyonthegroundthat,asthemayorofKolkatahasoftensaid,itisoffensivetosee“onemansweatingandstrainingtopullanotherman.”Butthesedayspoliticiansalsolamenttheimpactof6,000hand-pulledrickshawsonamoderncity’strafficand,particularly,onitsimage.“WesternerstrytoassociatebeggarsandtheserickshawswiththeCalcuttalandscape,butthisisnotwhatCalcuttastandsfor,”thechiefministerofWestBengal,BuddhadebBhattacharjee,saidinapressconferencein2006.“Ourcitystandsforprosperityanddevelopment.”Thechiefminister—theequivalentofastateernor—wentontoannouncethathand-pulledrickshawssoonwouldbebannedfromthestreetsofKolkata.Rickshawsarenottheretohaularoundtourists.(Actually,IsawalmostnotouristsinKolkata,apartfromtheyoungbackpackersonSudderStreet,inwhatusedtobeared-lightdistrictandisnowsaidtobethesingleceinthecitywheretheservicesarickshawpulleroffersmayincludeprovidingfemale toagentlemanfortheevening.)It’sthepeopleinthelaneswhomostregularlyuserickshaws—notthepoorbutpeoplewhoarejustanotchabovethepoor.Theyarepeoplewhotendtotravelshortdistances,throughlanesthataresometimesinaccessibletoeventhemostdaringtaxidriver.Anolderwomanwithmarketingtodo,forinstance,canarriveinarickshaw,havetherickshawpullerwaituntilshecomesbackfromvariousstallstoloadherpurchases,andthenbetakenhome.Peopleinthelanesuserickshawsasa24-hourambulanceservice.Proprietorsofcafésorcornerstoressendrickshawstocollecttheirs.(OnemorningIsawarickshawpullertakeonaloadoflivechickens—tiedinpairsbythefeetsotheycouldbedrapedovertheshaftsandthefoldedbackcanopyandeventheaxle.Bythetimehetrottedoff,hewascarryingaboutahundredupside-downchickens.)Therickshawpullerstoldmetheirsteadiestcustomersareschoolchildren.Middle-classfamiliescontractwithapullertotakeachildtoschoolandpickhimup;thepulleressentially esafamilyretainer.FromJunetoSeptemberKolkatacangettorrentialrains,anditsdrainagesystemdoesn’tneedtorrentialraintobeginbackingup.ResidentswhofavoratouchofhyperbolesaythatinKolkata“ifastraycatpees,there’saflood.”Duringmystayitoncerainedforabout48hours.Entireneighborhoodscouldn’tbereachedbymotorizedvehicles,andthenewspapersshowedpicturesofrickshawsbeingpulledthroughwaterthatwasuptothepullers’waists.Whenit’sraining,thenormalcustomerbaseforrickshawpullersexpandsgreatly,asdoesthepriceofajourney.AwriterinKolkatatoldme,“Whenitrains,eventheernortakesrickshaws.”WhileIwasinKolkata,amagazinecalled Todaypublisheditsannualrankingof nstates,accordingtosuchmeasurementsasprosperityandinfrastructure.Among ’s20largeststates,Biharfinisheddeadlast,asithasforfourofthepastfiveyears.Bihar,acouplehundred northofKolkata,iswherethevastmajorityofrickshawpullerscomefrom.OnceinKolkata,theysleeponthestreetorintheirrickshawsorinadera—acombinationgarageandrepairshopanddormitorymanagedbysomeonecalledasardar.Forsleeprivilegesinadera,pullerspay100rupees(about$2.50)amonth,whichsoundslikeaprettygooddealuntilyou’vevisitedadera.Theygrossbetween100and150rupeesaday,outofwhichtheyhavetopay20rupeesfortheuseoftherickshawandanoccasional75ormoreforapayoffifamanstopsthemfor,say,crossingastreetwhererickshawsareprohibited.A2003studyfoundthatrickshawpullersarenearthebottomofKolkataoccupationsin ngbetterthanonlytheragpickersandthebeggars.Forsomeonewithoutlandoreducation,thatstillbeatstryingtomakealivinginTherearepeopleinKolkata,particularlyeducatedandpoliticallyawarepeople,whowillnotrideinarickshaw,becausetheyareoffendedbytheideaofbeingpulledbyanotherhumanbeingorbecausetheyconsideritnotthesortofthingpeopleoftheirstationdoorbecausetheyregardthehand-pulledrickshawasarelicofcolonialism.Ironically,someofthosepeoplearenotenthusiasticaboutbanningrickshaws.TheeditoroftheeditorialpagesofKolkata’segraph—RudrangshuMukherjee,aformeracademicwhostillwriteshistorybooks—toldme,forinstance,thatheseeshumanitarianconsiderationsascomingdownonthesideofkeehand-pulledrickshawsontheroad.“Irefusetobecarriedbyanotherhumanbeingmyself,”hesaid,“butIquestionwhetherwehavetherighttotakeawaytheirlivelihood.”Rickshawsupporterspointoutthatwhenitcomestodemeaningoccupations,rickshawpullersarehardlyuniqueinKolkata.WhenIaskedonerickshawpullerifhethoughttheernment’sntoridthecityofrickshawswasbasedonagenuineinterestinhiswelfare,hesd,withaquickshakeofhishead—agestureIinterpretedtomean,“Ifyouaresonaiveastoasksuchaquestion,Iwillanswerit,butitisnotworthwastingwordson.”SomerickshawpullersImetwereresignedtotheimminentendoftheirlivelihoodandpintheirhopesonbeingofferedsomethinginitsce.Asmigrantworkers,theydon’thavethepoliticalcloutenjoyedby,say,Kolkata’ssidewalkhawkers,who,aftersupposedlybeingscaledbackatthebeginningofthemodernizationdrive,stillclogthesidewalks,sellingabsoluyeverything—or,asIfoundduringthe48hoursofrain,absoluyeverythingbutumbrellas.“Theernmentwasthe ernmentofthepoorpeople,”onesardartoldme.“NowtheyshakehandswiththecapitalistsandtrytogetridofpoorButothersinKolkatabelievethatrickshawswillsimplybeconfinedmorestrictlytocertainneighborhoods,outoftheviewofWorldBanktrafficconsultantsandCaliforniainvestmentdelegations—orthattheywillbeallowedtodieoutnaturallyasthey’resupntedbymoremodernconveyances.BuddhadebBhattacharjee,afterall,isnotthefirsthighWestBengalofficialtosaythatrickshawswouldbeoffthestreetsofKolkatainamatterofmonths.Similarstatementshavebeenmadeasfarbackas1976.ThebandecreedbyBhattacharjeehasbeendelayedbyacourtcaseandbyawidelyheldbeliefthatsomeretrainingorsocialsecuritysettlementoughttobeofferedtorickshawdrivers.Itmayalsohavebeendelayedbyaquietreluctancetogiveupsomethingthathasbeenpartofthefabricofthecityformorethanacentury.Kolkata,aresidenttoldme,“hasdifficultylettinggo.”O(jiān)nedayacityofficialhandedmeareportfromthemunicipalernmentlayingoutoptionsforhowrickshawpullersmightbe“Whichoptionhasbeenchosen?”Iasked,notingthatthereportwasdatedalmostexactlyayearbefore

“Thathasn’tbeendecided,”he“Whenwillitbe“Thathasn’tbeendecided,”heAccordingtothepassage,rickshawsareusedinKolkatamainlyforthefollowingtakingforeigntouristsaroundtheprovidingtransporttoschoolcarryingstoresandcarryingpeopleovershortWhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestherickshawpullersfromTheycomefromarelativelypoorTheyareprovidedwith TheirlivingstandardsareverylowinTheyareoftencaughtbymenintheThat“Forsomeonewithoutlandoreducation,thatstillbeatstryingtomakealivinginBihar”(4paragraph)meansthatevenso,thepoorprefertoworkandliveinthepoorfromBiharfarebetterthanbackthepoornevertrytomakealivinginthepoorneverseemtoresenttheirlifeinWecaninferfromthepassagethatsomeeducatedandpoliticallyawareholdmixedfeelingstowardsstronglysupportthebanoncallforhumanitarianactionsfrorickshawkeepquietontheissueofbanningWhichofthefollowingstatementsconveystheauthor’ssenseof“…notthepoorbutpeoplewhoarejustanotchabovethepoor.”(2“…,.whichsoundslikeaprettygooddealuntilyou’vevisitedadera.”(4Kolkata,aresidenttoldme,“hasdifficultylettinggo.”(7“…or,asIfoundduringthe48hoursofrain,absoluyeverythingbutumbrellas.”(6Thedialoguebetweentheauthorandthecityofficialattheendofthepassageseemstotheuncertaintyofthecourt’stheinefficiencyofthe thedifficultyoffindingagoodtheslownessinprocessingTEXTDependingonwhomyoubelieve,theaverageAmericanwill,overalifetime,waitinlinesfortwoyears(saysNationalPublicRadio)orfiveyears(accordingtocustomer-loyaltyexperts).Thecrucialwordisaverage,aswealthyAmericansroutinelyavoidlinesaltogether.Oncethemostdemocraticofinstitutions,linesarerapidly ingtheexclusiveprovinceofsuckers(peoplewhostillbelieveinandpracticewaitinginlines).Poorsuckers,mostly.AirportsresembleFrancebeforetheRevolution:first-classpassengersenjoy"élite"securitylinesandpriorityboarding,anddisembarkbeforetheunwashedincoach,heldatbaybyaflightattendant,areallowedtofoultheAtamusementparks,too,youcannowbuyyourwayoutofline.ThissummerIhaplesslywatchedkidsuse$52GoldFlashPasstojumpthelinesatSixFlagsNewEngland,andsimilarsystemsareinuseinmostmajorAmericanthemeparks,fromUniversalOrlandotoWaltDisneyWorld,wherethehavesgettowatchthehave-moresbreezepastontheirwaytotheirseats.FlashPassteacheschildrenavaluablelessoninreal-worldeconomics:thatthericharemoreimportantthanyou,especiallywhenitcomestowaiting.AnNBAyeroncesaidtome,withabemusedchuckleofdisbelief,thatwhenyinginCanada--getthis--"wehavetowaitinthesamecustomslineaseverybodyelse."Almosteverylinecanbebreachedforaprice.InseveralU.S.citiesthissummer,earlyarriversamongtheearlyadopterswaitingtobuy sofferedtoselltheirspotsinthelines.OnCraigslist,prospective offeredtopay"waiters"or"ceholders"towaitinlineforthemoutsideApplestores.Inevitably,somesemi-populistpoliticianshaveseenthevalueofsort-ofwaitinginlineswiththeordinarypeople.ThissummerPhiladelphiamayorJohnStreetwaitedoutsideanAT&Tstorefrom3:30am.to11:30am.beforeastand-infromhisofficelillystoodinforthemayorwhileheconductedofficialbusiness.AndbillionaireNewYorkmayorMichaelBloombergoftenwaitsforthesubwaywithhisfellowcitizens,thoughhe'sfirstdrivenbymotorcadepastthestopnearesthishousetoastation22blocksaway,wherethewait,oratleasttheride,isshorter.Asearlyaselementaryschool,we'retoldthatjumthelineisanunethicalact,whichiswhysomanyU.S.lawmakershaveframedtheimmigrationdebateasakindoffundamentalsinoftheschoollunchline.AlabamaSenatorRichardShelby,tocitejustonelegislator,saidamnestywouldallowillegalimmigrants"tocutinlineaheadofmillionsofpeople."Nothingannoysanationallawmakermorethana whowillnotwaitinline,unlessthatlineisinfrontofanelevatorattheU.S.Capitol,whereSenatorsandRepresentativesuseprivateelevators,lesttheyhavetoqueuewiththeirconstituents.Butcompromisingtheintegrityofthelineisnotjustantidemocratic,it'sout-of-date.TherewassomethingabouttheorderlyboardingofNoah'sArk,twobytwo,thatseemedtorestorenotjustcivilizationbutcivilityduringtheGreatFlood.Howcivilwasyourlastflight?SouthwestAirlineshas e,first-servedfestivalseating.Butfor$5perflight,anunaffiliated willsecureyouacoveted"A"boardingpasswhenthatairlineopensforonlinecheck-in24hoursbeforedeparture.Thus,thesavvytravelerdoesn'tevenwaitinlinewhenheorsheisonline.Someculturesarenotrenownedforliningup.Thenagain,someculturesaretooadeptatliningup:acitizenoftheformerSovietUnionwouldjoinaqueuejustsohecouldgettotheheadofthatqueueandseewhateveryonewasqueuingfor.AndthenthereistheU.S.,wheresocietyseemstobecleavingintotwogroups:VeryImportant s,whodon'twait,andVeryImpatient s,whodo--unhappily.Forthoseofusinthelattergroup--consignedtocoach,bereftofFlashPass,toopoororpropertopayaWhatdoesthefollowingsentencemean?“Oncethemostdemocraticofinstitutions,linesarerapidly theexclusiveprovinceofsuckers…Poorsuckers,mostly.”(2paragraph)LinesaresymbolicofAmerica’sLinesstillgiveAmericansequalLinesarenowforordinaryAmericansLinesareforpeoplewithdemocraticspiritWhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleofbreachingtheGoingthroughthecustomsataCanadianUsingGoldFlashPassesinamusementFirst-classpassengerstatusatPurchaseofaceinalinefromaWecaninferfromthepassagethatpoliticians(includingmayorsandprefertostandinlineswithordinaryadvocatethevalueofwaitinginbelieveinandpracticewaitinginexploitwaitinginlinesfortheirownWhatisthetoneoftheTEXTAbustookhimtotheWestEnd,where,amongthecrazycolouredfountainsofillumination,shatteringtheblueduskwithgreenandcrimsonfire,hefoundthecaféofhischoice,atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Bbylonian,awhilepalacewithtenthousandlights.Ittoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandllightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots,behindthethousandwaitressesandcash-boxgirlsandblack-coatedfloormanagersandtemperamentallong-hairedviolinists,behindthemoundsofcauldronsofstewedsteak,thevanloadsofices,wereafewmenwhowenttoworkjugglingwithfractionsofafarming,whoknewhowmanyunitsofelectricityittooktofinishasteak-and-kidneypuddingandhowmanyminutesandsecondsawaitress(fivefeetfourinheightandinaveragehealth)wouldneedtocarryatrayofgivenweightfromthekitchenlifetothetableinthefarcorner.Inshort,therewasawarm,sensuous,vulgarlifefloweringintheupperstoreys,andacoldscienceworkinginthebasement.Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Thecewasbuiltforhim.Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywerealthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavouritefloor,whreanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls,scentedair,thesensuousclamourofthestrings;and,ashestoodhesitatingamoment,halfdazed,therecame,bowing,ssleekgraveman,olderthanhewasandfarmoredistinguishedthanhecouldeverhopetobe,whomurmureddeferentially:“Forone,sir?Thisway,please,”Shyly,yetproudly,Turgisfollowedhim.That“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”suggestsmodernrealisticcommercialismexistedbehindtheluxurioustherewasafundamentalfalsenessinthestyleandtheappealofthethearchitecthadmadeasensibleblendofoldandnewbuildingthecaféwasbasedonphysicalfoundationsandrealeconomicThefollowingwordsorphrasesaresomewhatcriticalofthetea-shop“…turned“perhapsanew“acresofwhite“balancedtothelastInitscontextthestatementthat“thecewasbuiltforhim”meansthatthecaféwasintendedpleasesimplepeopleinasimpleexploitgulliblepeoplelikesatisfyademandthatalreadyproviderelaxationfortiredyoungWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondparagraphisNOTThecaféappealedtomostsensesThecaféwasbothfullofpeopleandfullofTheinsideofthecaféwascontrastedwiththeweatherItstressedthecommercialdeterminationofthecaféThefollowingarecomparisonsmadebytheauthorinthesecondparagraphEXCEPTtheentrancehalliscomparedtoarailwaytheorchestraiscomparedtoa edtheliftlikeaconqueringtheinteriorofthecaféiscomparedtowarmTheauthor’sattitudetothecaféfundamentallyslightlyquitecompleyTEXTINowelsewhereintheworld,Icelandmaybespokenof,somewhatbreathlessly,aswesternEurope’slastpristinewilderness.ButtheenvironmentalawarenessthatissweetheworldhadbypassedthemajorityofIcelanders.Certainlytheywereconnectedtotheirland,thewayoneiscomplicatedlyconnectedto,orencumberedby,familyonecan’tdoanythingabout.Butthetruthis,onceyou’reoffthebeat-enpathsofthelow-lyingcoastalareaswhereeveryonelives,theroadsarefew,andthey’reallbad,soIceland’snaturalwondershavebeenoutofreachandunknowneventoitsowninhab-itants.Forthemthelandhasalwaysjustbeenthere,somethingthathadtobedealtwithand,ifpossible,exploited—themind-setbeingoneoflandascommodityratherthanlandas,well,pricelessartonthescaleofthe“MonaLisa.”Whentheopportunityarosein2003forthenationalpower toenterintoa40-yearcontractwiththeAmericanaluminum Alcoatosupplyhydroelectricpowerforanewsmelter,thosewhohadbeendreamingofsome-thinglikethisfordecadesjumpedatitandneverlookedback.Icelandmayatthemomentbeoneoftheworld’srichestcountries,witha99percentlicyrateandlonglifeexpectancy.Buttheproj-ect’sadvocates,someofthemgettingoninyears,weremoreemotionallyattunedtothecountry’scenturyuponcenturyofwant,hardship,andcolonialservitudetoDenmark,whichofficiallyhadendedonlyin1944andwhosepsychologicalimprintremainedrelativelyfresh.Forthelongesttime,lifeherehadmeantlittlemorethanasodhut,darkallwinter,cold,nohope,childrendyingleftandright,earthquakes,s,starvation,volcanoeseruptinganddestroyingallvegeta-tionandlivestock,allspirit—aworldrevolvingalmostentirelyaroundthewelfareofone’ssheepand,later,onhowgoodthecodcatchwas.Intheoutlyingregions,itstilllargelydoes.Ostensibly,theAlcoaprojectwasintendedtosaveoneofthesedyingregions—theremoteandsparselypopulatedeast—wherethewayoflifehadsteadilydeclinedtoapointofdesperationandgloom.Afterfishingquotaswereimposedintheearly1980stoprotectfishstocks,manyindi-vidualboatownerssoldtheirallotmentsorgavethemaway,fishingrightsendedupmostlyinthehandsofafewcompanies,andsmallfishermenwerevirtuallywipedout.Technologicaladvancesdrainedawayevenmorejobspreviouslydonebyhumanhands,andthepeoplewereseeingevery-thingtheyhadworkedforalltheirlivesturnupworthlessandtheirchildrenmoveaway.Withtheoldwayoflifedoomed,aluminumprojectslikethisonehadcometobeperceived,wiselyornot,asalastchance.“Smelterordeath.”ThecontractwithAlcoawouldinfusethere-gionwithforeigncapital,anestimated400jobs,andspin-offserviceindustries.ItalsowasawayforIcelandtodevelopexpertisethatpotentiallycouldbesoldtotherestoftheworld;diversifyaneconomyhistoricallydependentonfish;and,inanappealingdisyofIcelandiccan-doverve,perhapsevenprotectallofIceland,onceandforall,fromtheunpredictabilityoflifeitself.“Wehavetolive,”HalldórÁsgrímssonsaidinhissad,sonorousvoice.Halldór,aformerprimeministerandlongtimememberofparliamentfromtheregion,wasadriving behindtheproject.“Wehavearighttolive.”Accordingtothepassage,mostIcelandersviewlandassomethingenvironmentalcommercialpotentialvalueforgreatvalueforWhatisIceland’sold-agedadvocates’feelingtowardstheAlcoaIcelandiswealthyenoughtorejecttheTheprojectwouldlowerlifeTheprojectwouldcauseenvironmentalTheprojectsymbolizesandendtothecolonialThedisappearanceoftheoldwayoflifewasduetoallthefollowingfewerfishingfewerjobsmigrationofyoungimpostionoffishingThe4paragraphinthesumsupthemainpointsofthestartstodiscussanentirelynewelaboratesonthelastpartofthe3continuestodepictthebleakeconomic GENERALKNOWLEDGE(10Therearetenmultiple-choicequestionsinthissection.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.WhichofthefollowingstatementsinTheBritishconstitutionincludestheMagnaCartaofTheBritishconstitutionincludesParliamentaryTheBritishconstitutionincludesdecisionsmadebycourtsofTheBritishconstitutionincludesonesinglewrittenThefirstcityeverfoundedinCanadaWhendidtheAustralianFederationofficiallycomeintoTheEmancipationProclamationtoendtheslaveryntationsystemintheSouthoftheU.S.wasissuedAbrahamThomasThomas isbestknownforthetechniqueofdramaticmonologueinhisWillRobertTheFinancieriswrittenMarkHenryThreIn tureastoryinverseorprosewithadoublemeaningisdefinedblank referstothelearninganddevelopmentofaLanguageLanguageLanguageLanguageTheword“Mo”comesfrom“motor+ho”.Thisisanexampleof inLanguageisttoolofcommunication.Thesymbol“HighwayClosed”onahighwayanexpressiveaninformativeaperformativeapersuasivePart Proofreading&ErrorCorrection(15ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsaumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword, underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword, markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha"∧"signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foraunnecessaryword, crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash"/"andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Sofaraswecanl,allhumanlanguagesareequallycompleteandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:thatis,everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosaythethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitivepeoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofriceortheengravingofBenaresbrass.Whereasthisisnotthefaultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimoscanspeakaboutsnowwithagreatdealmoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecaninEnglish,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthosesometimesmiscalled'primitive')isinherentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.ThisexampledoesnotcometolightadefectinEnglish,ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.Thepositionissimply

大3大4大9obviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinenvironments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichintermsforsimilarkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasSimilarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'life.Forobvioushistoricalreasons,Englishmeninthen