2021-2022學(xué)年上海市浦東新區(qū)高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)試卷（一模）

第1頁(yè)（共1頁(yè)）2021-2022學(xué)年上海市浦東新區(qū)高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)試卷（一模）GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1．Children'sFineMotorSkillsUsingaforktoeat，zippingupasweatshirtandturningadoorknobareallthingsmostpeopledowithoutthinking，butchildrenspendtheirearlyyearsdevelopingandrefiningtheseabilities.Theyareknownasfinemotorskills，（1）thesmallmusclesofthehandswithadequatestrength，dexterity（靈巧）andcoordination（協(xié)調(diào)）tograspandcontrolobjectsandused.Itisfirmlybelieved（2）later，finemotorskillsdohelpchildrentosucceedinschool.（3）arealsoimportantinday﹣to﹣daylife.（4）（watch）ababyusetheiruncoordinatedarmsandlegsmightbeadorable，buttheseearlyreactionsarepracticeforthefinemotorskillsthey'lleventuallydevelop.（5）StephanieReich，aprofessoroftheUniversityofCalifornia，toddlersneedtoincreasethecoordinationoffinemovementsinthepreschoolyears.（6）childrengrowolder，thesefinemotorskillswillimproveandbecomemorecomplex.Forexample，a4﹣year﹣oldmayholdacrayonwiththeirfist，usingtheirwholehandtodraw.Butfive﹣year﹣oldscanstartusingapencilbetweenthefirstandmiddlefingersandthumb，asadultscan.Theelementaryschoolyearsandbeyondsee（7）（advanced）finemotorskills，suchaswhenchildrenlearntotieshoesbetween5and6yearsold.Ataboutage7，（8）（improve）performancecanbeamazinglywitnessed.However，everychilddevelopsattheirownpace.Ifasinglemilestone，suchasusingeatingutensils（餐具），（9）（delay），itisn'tnecessarilycauseforconcern.Infact，whenworkingonfinemotorskillsintheclassroom，shortlessonsprovidethemostbenefitforlearning.Play﹣basedlearningisalsooneofthestrategiesthatarepreferred.Teachersmayalsousehand﹣eyecoordination﹣theabilityofachild'seyes（10）（control）theirhandsandfingers﹣toworkwithchildrentoimprovefinemotorskills.Usingcomputers，especiallyakeyboardandmouse，alsohelpsyoungerchildrenwithfinemotorskills.SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.2．A.housingB.leisurelyC.soughtD.referenceE.primarilyF.legG.windingH.wildlyI.pioneeredJ.majorK.highlight18thCenturyGrandTourofEuropeTheGrandTourbeganinthe16thcenturyandgainedpopularityduringthe17thcentury.Privileged（有特權(quán)的）youngEuropeangraduates（1）atrendwheretheytraveledacrossthecontinentinsearchofartandculturalexperiencesupontheirgraduation.Thispractice，whichgrewtobe（2）popular，becameknownastheGrandTour.Specialtyguidebooks，tourguides，andotheraspectsofthetouristindustryweredevelopedduringthistimetomeettheneedsofwealthy20﹣somethingmaleandfemaletravelersastheyexploredtheEuropeancontinent.Theseyoung，classically﹣educatedTouristswererichenoughtofundmultipleyearsabroadforthemselvesandtheytookfulladvantageofthis.Theycarriedlettersof（3）andintroductionwiththemastheydepartedfromsouthernEnglandtocommunicatewithandlearnfrompeopletheymetinothercountries.SomeTourists（4）tocontinuetheireducationandbroadentheirhorizonswhileabroad，somewerejustafterfunand（5）travels，butmostdesiredacombinationofboth.AtypicaljourneythroughEuropewaslongand（6）withmanystopsalongtheway.LondonwascommonlyusedasastartingpointandtheTourwasusuallykickedoffwithadifficulttripacrosstheEnglishChannel.Crossingthewidechannelwasandisnoteasy.17th﹣and18th﹣centuryTouristsriskedsea﹣sickness，illness，andevenshipwreckonthisfirst（7）oftravel.GrandTouristswere（8）interestedinvisitingcitiesthatwereconsideredcentersofcultureatthetime，soParis，Rome，andVenicewerenottobemissed.TheaverageGrandTouristtraveledfromcitytocity，usuallyspendingweeksinsmallercitiesandmonthsinthethree（9）ones.ThevastmajorityofTouriststookpartinsimilaractivitiesduringtheirexplorationwithartatthecenterofitall.OnceaTouristarrivedatadestination，hewouldlookfor（10）andsettleinforanywherefromweekstomonths，evenyears.Thoughcertainlynotanoverlytryingexperienceformost，theGrandTourpresentedauniquesetofchallengesfortravelerstoovercome.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections：Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage，therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.3．Theword"adolescence"literallymeans"growingup"（fromtheLatinadolescere）.（1），itdescribesadistinctstagebetweenchildhoodandadulthood，butinpracticeoftensimplydefinesthe"teenage"years.InmostWesternsocieties，theideaofadolescencewasnot（2）untilthe20thcentury；childhoodendedandadulthoodbeganatacertainage﹣typicallyat18.G.StanleyHall，apsychologistandeducator，inhis1904bookAdolescence，wasthefirsttoexplorethe（3）.HallwasinfluencedbyDarwin'stheoryofevolution，perceivingthatallchildhoods，especiallywithregardtobehaviorandearlyphysicaldevelopment，reflectthecourseof（4）change，andthatweeachdevelopinaccordancewithour"ancestralrecord".OnekeyinfluenceonHallwasthe18th﹣century"SturmandDrang"（StormandStress）movementofGermanwritersandmusicians，whichpromotedtotalfreedomofexpression.Hall（5）adolescenceas"SturmandDrang"；heconsidereditastageofemotionaldisturbanceandrebellion，withbehaviorrangingfromquietmoodinesstowild（6）.Hestatedthatadolescents"areeagerforstrongfeelingsandnewsensations，whileroutineanddetailare（7）".Awarenessofselfandtheenvironmentgreatlyincreases；everythingismore（8）felt，andsensationispursuedforitsownsake.ManyofHall'sfindingsare（9）inresearchtoday.Hallbelievedthatadolescentsarehighlyaffectedbydepressionanddescribeda"curveofdespondency（消沉）"thatstartsattheageof11，（10）at15，thenfallssteadilyuntiltheageof23.Modernresearchacknowledgesasimilarpattern.ThecausesofdepressionthatHall（11）aresurprisinglyfamiliar：suspicionofbeingdislikedandhavingseeminglyinsuperablecharacterfaults，and"the（12）ofhopelesslove".Hebelievedtheself﹣consciousnessofadolescenceleadstocriticizingselfandothers.Thisviewmirrorslaterstudies，whicharguethatteenagers'advanced（13）skillsallowthemto"readbetweenthelines"，whilealsointensifyingtheirsensitivitytosituations.EvenHall'sclaimthatcriminalactivityismorecommonintheteenageyears，reachingthetoparound18，still（14）.However，Hallwasnottotallynegativeaboutadolescence."Adolescenceisanew（15），"ashewroteinYouth：ItsEducation，Regiment，andHygiene，"forthehigherandmorecompletelyhumanqualitiesarehowborn."（1）A.IntheoryB.InessenceC.IncontrastD.Ingeneral（2）A.exchangedB.recognizedC.imposedD.transformed（3）A.differenceB.worldC.possibilityD.subject（4）A.evolutionaryB.consequentialC.minimalD.structural（5）A.employedB.interpretedC.treatedD.classified（6）A.decision﹣makingB.problem﹣solvingC.risk﹣takingD.example﹣following（7）A.inexhaustibleB.intolerableC.inadequateD.instinctive（8）A.keenlyB.hesitantlyC.slightlyD.oddly（9）A.publishedB.revisedC.summarizedD.echoed（10）A.bouncesB.jumpsC.swingsD.peaks（11）A.promotedB.eliminatedC.identifiedD.determined（12）A.lackB.fancyC.claimD.power（13）A.reasoningB.copingC.socialD.verbal（14）A.soundsone﹣sidedB.holdstrueC.remainsunknownsD.standsout（15）A.trendB.outletC.birthD.modelSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.4．For38﹣year﹣oldJustinHerald，thejourneytowealthbeganoneSundaymorningatachurchinSydney'snorthwest，whenhewasinvolvedinaquarrelwithamemberofthechurchchoir."Youhaveanattitudeproblem，"shetoldhim.Theaccusationsparkedsomethinginhim，andheborrowed﹩50fromhisbrothertohavefourT﹣shirtsprintedwiththeslogan："Idon'thaveanattitudeproblem；youhaveaperceptionproblem.""Itwasthebest﹩50Ieverspent，"laughsHerald.Bytheendofthemorning，hehadsoldthreeofthefourT﹣shirts.Withthemoneyhemade，hehadanothersixprinted，then12，then24."Thatfirstyeartheearningwere﹩98，000，"hesays.Hisbusiness，AttitudeInc.，isnowamulti﹣million﹣dollarcompanywithawiderangeofproductssellingin3，500storesacrossAustralia.Hisbusinesswasduetonotjustclevermarketing﹣thepubliclovedtheslogan﹣butalsohehastoadmitthatinthosedaystherewasverylittlecompetitionnhissectoroftheclothingindustry，andhewasintherightplaceattherighttime.Themediaspotlightalsohelped，withpeoplepayingattentiontoHerald'slikeablepersonalityandinfectionspassionforhisbusiness：thenightofoneTVappearance，187storesrangtogethisproductsintotheirstores.Heraldsoldthebusinessthreeyearsago，bywhichtimeitwasturningover﹩30millionayear，andnowspendshistimeasamotivationalspeaker.Hismessage：anyonecanbefinanciallysuccessfuliftheysettheirmindtoit."Youhavetohavealotofstickability，becausenoteverythingisgoingtoworkthewayyouplanit."StilllivinginCastleHillwithhiswifeandtwochildren，Heraldbelievestoomanysuccessfulpeoplebecomecaughtupinthetrappingsofwealth."IhavelivedheresinceIleftschoolat16，"hesays."Inthisarea，youdon'tforgetwhereyoucamefrom."（1）WhydoesHeraldthinkitwasthebest﹩50heeverspent？A.BecausethatsumofmoneycoveredthecostoffourT﹣shirt.B.Becausethatsumofmoneyshowedhisaccusationwaswrong.C.Becausehereceivedthatsumofmoneywhenhewasinneed.D.Becausehegainedmorethanexpectedfromthatsumofmoney.（2）AccordingtoHerald，thesuccessofhisbusinessresultedfrom.A.goodtimingandcooperationB.businesssenseandluckC.fiercecompetitionandpassionD.familybackgroundandmotivation（3）Theunderlinedword"stickability"（paragraph6）isclosestinmeaningto.A.competenceB.conscienceC.persistenceD.fortune（4）Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.A.AttitudePaysOffB.NoBravery，NoGainsC.StartaBusinessD.NeverTooOldtoChallengeYourself5．Thesmell，thewarmth，thedistincttaste﹣agoodcupofcoffeeiswhatgetsusthroughthedayandhelpsustounwindattheendofit.AndinwalksthePodCoffeeMachine.Thisskillfulkitchendeviceishereforconvenience.ProsConsUsuallyquitesmall﹣sizedCheaptobuy﹣somecostaslittleas￡40.Goodforoccasionalcoffeedrinkers，asthesealedpodskeepcoffeefresh.MoreexpensiveperthinkthanBean﹣to﹣cupcoffeeorbeans.Coffeepodscreatewaste，asmanypodsareplastic.Toensurethatyougetthebestfixofcaffeine，we'veroundedupalistofwhatweconsiderthebestpodcoffeemachinesinmind.HamiltonBeach（49976）PodCoffeeMachineNespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeTwiceasnice!Whetherit'sforaquickcuponthegooracoffeedatewithfriends，thisnotbeveragemakergivesyoutheoptiontoselectasingleservingortobrewupawholepot.Humbleinappearance，thismulti﹣servepodcoffeemakercomeswithanotheraddedbonus；usetheloosecoffeegroundsoptionifyoupreferabrandthatdoesnotcomeinapod.★★★★☆21，017ratings＄104.99＄124.87Currentlyunavailable.Wedon'tknowwhenorifthisitemwillbebackinstock.MachineDesignedtoplease，notonlyisthismachinesmallenoughtofitinthesmallestofkitchens，butthe19﹣barhigh﹣pressurepumpalsoensuresthateachpodisreleasedtoensuremaster﹣styleresults.Heatingupinonly25seconds，thissingle﹣servekitchenbuddywillhaveyourcupofcoffeereadyinlessthan2minutes.★★★613ratings＄159.95NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachineThisPREMIUMCHOICEmodelisidealforsmallhouseholdswhoenjoynovelcoffeesthatarepreparedinnotimeatall.Oryoucanpreparethecoffeeforthego.BuyAldicoffeepodstocutthepriceofyourdailybrewandsaveadollar.Andthey'reallcompatible（兼容）withNespressomachines.★★★★★3.676ratings＄149.95Only10leftinstock.Ordersoon.＄66.75（6Second﹣hand）KeuringK55/K﹣ClassicPodCoffeeMachineIfthestrengthorweaknessofyourcoffeeisoneofyourgreatestconcern，thenthismachinemightcomeinquitehandy.Thesmallerthepot，thestrongerthecoffee.★★★☆2.665ratings＄118.26＄121.43（1）Accordingtothepassage，podcoffeemachinesattractpeople.A.whowanttobringconveniencetotheirkitchenlifeB.whoarekeenonthetypicaltasteofBean﹣to﹣cupcoffeeC.whoattachimportancetothelightweightofplasticmachinesD.whopayattentiontotheircarbonfootprintsontheenvironment（2）Ifthecustomersisexceptionallymindfuloftheprice，whichofthefollowingwillbeagooddeal？A.HamiltonBeach（49976）PodCoffeeMachine.B.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachine.C.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachine.D.KeuringK55/K﹣ClassicPodCoffeeMachine.（3）isperfectforanextendedfamilywhopreferhigh﹣qualitycoffee.A.HamiltonBeach（49976）PodCoffeeMachineB.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachineC.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachineD.KeuringK55/K﹣ClassicPodCoffeeMachine6．Deepbelowtheground，radioactiveelementsbreakupwatermolecules（分子），producingingredientsthatcanfuelsubsurfacelife.Thisprocess，knownasradio﹣lysis（輻射分解），hassustainedbacteriainisolated，water﹣filledcracksonEarthformillionstobillionsofyears.NowastudypublishedinAstro﹣biologyshowsthatradiolysismayhavesupportedlifeintheMartiansubsurface.Duststorms，raysintheuniverseandsolarwindsruintheRedPlanet'ssurface.Butbelow﹣ground，somelifemightfindrefuge."TheenvironmentwiththebestchanceofhabitabilityonMarsisthesubsurface，"saysJesseTarnas，aplanetaryscientistatNASA.ExaminingtheMartinundergroundcouldhelpscientistslearnwhetherlifecouldhavesurvivedthere.AndthebestsubsurfacesamplesavailabletodayareMartinmeteorites（隕石）thathavecrash﹣landedonEarth.Tarnasandhiscolleagueevaluatedthemineralmakeupandradio﹣activeelementabundanceintheMartinsurfaceusingsatelliteandroverdata.Theyinputthesedataintoacomputermodelthatsimulated（模擬）radiolysistoseehowefficientlytheprocesswouldhavegeneratedhydrogengasandotherchemicalingredientsthatcansustaintheundergroundbacteria.Theresearchersreportthatifwaterwaspresent，radiolysisintheMartinsubsurfacecouldhavesustainedlifeforbillionsofyearsandperhapsstillcouldtoday.ScientistspreviouslystudiedMarsradio﹣lysis，butthismarksthefirstestimateusingMartinrockstoquantifytheplanet'ssubsurfacehabitability.TarnasandhiscolleaguesalsoevaluatedthepotentialrichnessoflifeintheMartinundergroundandfoundthatasmanyasamillionbacteriacouldexistinakilogramofrock.Themosthabitablemeteoritesamplesanalysedappearedtobemadeofarocktypecalledregolithbreccia."ThesearethoughttocomefromthesouthernhighlandsofMars，whichisthemostancientareaonMars，"Tarnassays.Undergroundlife，asdescribedbythisresearch，wouldrequirewateranditremainsunknownifgroundwaterexistsontheplanet，saysLujendraOjha，aplanetaryscientistatRutgersUniversity.DeterminingwhethertheMartinsubsurfacecontainswaterwillbeanimportantnextstep，butthisinvestigationhelpstomotivatethatsearch.Ojhasays，"Wherethereisgroundwater，therecouldbelife."（1）ScientistsbelievetheMartiansubsurfacemightbehabitableprobablybecause.A.theMartinsurfaceabsorbsraysintheuniverseB.radio﹣lysismayexistintheMartianundergroundC.radiationcombinesingredientsforsubsurfacelifetosurviveD.cracksinMartianmeteoritesoverflowwithbacteria（2）What'sthepurposeofusingMartianmeteorites？A.TomeasuretheMartianhabitabilitybelow﹣groundB.Tosimulatetheprocessofproducinghydrogen.C.TohelplifefindshelterfromsolarwindsD.Toexplorethesourceofhydrogengas.（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelast3paragraphs？A.TarnaswasthefirsttostudyMarsradio﹣lysis.B.TheMartianundergroundprovedtoberichinbacteria.C.ThesouthernhighlandsofMarsarethemosthabitable.D.Theexistenceofgroundwateriskeytotheinvestigationfindings.（4）Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.A.thereasonfornolifeontheMartiansurfaceB.thesourceofdataforthestudyofMartianhabitabilityC.thepossibilityofMarssustaininglifethroughradiationD.therichnessofradioactiveelementsbelowtheMartiansurfaceSectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.7．Gout（痛風(fēng)）：TheDiseaseofKingsGout，oncethediseaseofgeniuses，conquerorsandkings，nowisaffectingthemasses.Butcomesatnight，firstasafevereddream，thenpainindarkness，thebodyturnedrudeanimals.（1）Sostrongisthesensitivityofthisswollenbigtonthatthefaintestfootstepofasympatheticvisitorisagunshotstraighttothenerve.Itwillnothelp，atsuchasmoment，torecallthatAlexandertheGreat，LeonardodaVinci，IsaacNewtonreportedlysuffered.（2）Inthewordsofthe17th﹣centuryFrenchpoet，Goutfallsontoapoormanandthen，horrifiedbyherhost'sceaselesslabor，didnothinginabuilding.Surelyit'satimeofalessenlightened，morehierarchical（等級(jí)制的）age.Wecanlaughatfromthesafedistanceofthepresentday.ButtheAmericancriticSusanSontagwarnedusagainstillnessasmyth.Goutisnotapunishment，certainlynotanembarrassmentand，itishighlycurable，ifgoodtreatmentisfollowed.Andthediseasehasnotbeenlimitedtothepast.（3）Fromthe1960stothe1990s，thenumberofsufferersdoubledintheUnitedStates，andthat'scontinuedtorise.Itistemptingtoseegoutasanannoyingangelandcometopunishgreed.Mentioningtheromanticaspectoftuberculosis（肺結(jié)核）inthe19thcentury，Sontagarguedthatgoutwascontrarytotubercular.Thegout﹣riddenwereguiltyofeatingtoomuch，whilethosedyingoftubercularwerethemselvesconsumedfromtheinside.Duringthatperiod，turningthinnerfromtubercularwastakenasasignofelegance，withpoetsconsideredunreliableiftheyweighedmorethanahundredpounds，andso"itbecamerudetoeatheartily".Sontagalsohighlightedastrangesocialphenomenon.（4）Greatmen"grewfat，wrotenovelsandconqueredcontinents."A.Ifyouareagoutsufferer，youarenotalone.B.Nooneknowswhat'sbehindthephenomenon.C.Norisitanylongerexclusivetorichwhitemen.D.Thefootisredandswollen，poundinglikeaheart.E.Wemightdismissgoutasaghostfromafable，whichitwas.F.Thetubercular'shollowcheekswereconsidereddesirablelookforwomen.SummaryWriting8．Directions：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.MindfulnessMindfulnesstypicallyreferstoastateofin﹣the﹣momentawarenessinwhichoneavoidsjudgingthethoughtsandemotionsofhimselfandothers.Itisoftenpracticedinmeditation（冥想）andsomeformsoftherapy.Numerousfindingsfrompsychologicalresearchsuggestpracticingmindfulnesscanleadtomanybenefits，includingstressreductionandincreasedpsychologicalwell﹣being.Forexample，inastudyofcancerpatients，cultivatingmindfulnessthroughmeditationorothermindfulness﹣basedtrainingenabledpeopletobemoreselectiveabouttheiremotionalexperiences，enablingthemtoreducetheirstressandanxietywhileincreasingpositiveemotions.Similarly，studiesshowthatmindfulnesscanalsoenhanceinformationprocessingspeedwhilereducingeffortandnegativethoughtsandthemeditatorssignificantlyoutperformedthenon﹣meditatorsonallmeasuresofattention，suggestionthatmindfulnessimprovesone'sabilitytofocus.Itisapparentthatmindfulnesshasmanynoteworthybenefits，whichincludeeverything，frompsychologicaltophysicalimprovements.However，researchhasalsoshownthatinsomecasesmindfulnesscanalsoleadtonegativeoutcomes.Forexample，onestudyfoundthatfollowingmindfulnessmeditation，participantsweremorelikelytoformtakememories，demonstratingapotentialunintendeddownsidetomindfulness.Inaddition，anotherstudysuggestedmindfulnessresearchersneededtobecarefulthattheydidn'tlearnparticipantsbybringingaboutunpleasantmental，physical，orspiritualreactionsthroughmindfulness.Forexample，mindfulnessmeditationmayresultinsevereanxietyforthosediagnosedwithPost﹣traumaticStressDisorder（PTSD創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）.ThosewithPTSDtendtoavoidthoughtsandfeelingsrelatedtotheirtrauma.However，mindfulnessmeditationencouragesemotionalopenness，whichcouldleadindividualswithPTSDtoexperiencethestressorsthattheypreviouslyavoided，potentiallyleadingtore﹣traumatization.Itcan'tbedeniedthatmindfulnessisanimportanttoolinthemanagerialtoolbox，butitisnotacure﹣all，anditmustbeappliedthoughtfullytobeeffective.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.9．快把冰箱里的牛奶喝掉，它很容易壞。（for）10．40年前買一塊普通手表要花一個(gè)人一整年的收入，這是真的嗎？（it）11．昨天，我按說(shuō)明書的建議給新買的手電筒充了電，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不能正常工作。（recommend）12．最近一個(gè)月來(lái)，時(shí)令蔬菜大量上市，因其品種豐富，價(jià)格親民，百姓的選擇越來(lái)越多。（available）GuidedWriting13．Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.據(jù)報(bào)道，陪伴讀者23年的上海書城福州路點(diǎn)計(jì)劃重裝。為了更好地在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代服務(wù)讀者，值此重裝之際，上海書城向全社會(huì)征集建議。假如你是讀者李明，你對(duì)此很感興趣，并決定給相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人寫一封信，內(nèi)容包括：1.重裝的建議（如：功能、風(fēng)格等）；2.相應(yīng)的理由。

2021-2022學(xué)年上海市浦東新區(qū)高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)試卷（一模）參考答案與試題解析GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1．Children'sFineMotorSkillsUsingaforktoeat，zippingupasweatshirtandturningadoorknobareallthingsmostpeopledowithoutthinking，butchildrenspendtheirearlyyearsdevelopingandrefiningtheseabilities.Theyareknownasfinemotorskills，（1）wherethesmallmusclesofthehandswithadequatestrength，dexterity（靈巧）andcoordination（協(xié)調(diào)）tograspandcontrolobjectsandused.Itisfirmlybelieved（2）thatlater，finemotorskillsdohelpchildrentosucceedinschool.（3）Theyarealsoimportantinday﹣to﹣daylife.（4）Watching（watch）ababyusetheiruncoordinatedarmsandlegsmightbeadorable，buttheseearlyreactionsarepracticeforthefinemotorskillsthey'lleventuallydevelop.（5）AccordingtoStephanieReich，aprofessoroftheUniversityofCalifornia，toddlersneedtoincreasethecoordinationoffinemovementsinthepreschoolyears.（6）Aschildrengrowolder，thesefinemotorskillswillimproveandbecomemorecomplex.Forexample，a4﹣year﹣oldmayholdacrayonwiththeirfist，usingtheirwholehandtodraw.Butfive﹣year﹣oldscanstartusingapencilbetweenthefirstandmiddlefingersandthumb，asadultscan.Theelementaryschoolyearsandbeyondsee（7）moreadvanced（advanced）finemotorskills，suchaswhenchildrenlearntotieshoesbetween5and6yearsold.Ataboutage7，（8）improved（improve）performancecanbeamazinglywitnessed.However，everychilddevelopsattheirownpace.Ifasinglemilestone，suchasusingeatingutensils（餐具），（9）isdelayed（delay），itisn'tnecessarilycauseforconcern.Infact，whenworkingonfinemotorskillsintheclassroom，shortlessonsprovidethemostbenefitforlearning.Play﹣basedlearningisalsooneofthestrategiesthatarepreferred.Teachersmayalsousehand﹣eyecoordination﹣theabilityofachild'seyes（10）tocontrol（control）theirhandsandfingers﹣toworkwithchildrentoimprovefinemotorskills.Usingcomputers，especiallyakeyboardandmouse，alsohelpsyoungerchildrenwithfinemotorskills.【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講解了兒童的精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能，最初兒童可以做簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)作，如拉拉鏈，用刀叉等，在接下來(lái)的時(shí)間里，慢慢的孩子可以在日常生活和學(xué)習(xí)中深化這些日常動(dòng)作，提高這些精細(xì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)技能?！窘獯稹浚?）where.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：它們被稱為精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能，即手部的肌肉具有足夠的力量、靈活性和協(xié)調(diào)性來(lái)抓握和控制物體并加以使用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)該填連詞來(lái)連接后面的從句，從句不缺少成分，用來(lái)修飾前面的"finemotorskills"，"finemotorskills"在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，需要用where，故填where。（2）that.考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：后來(lái)人們堅(jiān)信，良好的運(yùn)動(dòng)技能確實(shí)有助于孩子在學(xué)校取得成功。句子中It作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)從句被后置，根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語(yǔ)從句不缺少成分，句意完整，需要用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故填that。（3）They.考查代詞。句意：他們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪幸埠苤匾Ｓ删渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，句子缺少主語(yǔ)，指代上一句的"finemotorskills"，所以填代詞，因其指代復(fù)數(shù)含義，需要用they，位于句首，首字母需大寫，故填They。（4）Watching.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：看嬰兒用他們不協(xié)調(diào)的胳膊和腿可能很可愛，但這些早期反應(yīng)是為了練習(xí)他們最終發(fā)展的精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子中動(dòng)詞是mightbe，所以空格處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，watch和ababy之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且表示伴隨，需要用動(dòng)名詞形式，位于句首，首字母需大寫，故填Watching。（5）Accordingto.考查固定搭配。句意：根據(jù)加州大學(xué)的教授斯蒂芬妮?賴希所說(shuō)，幼兒在學(xué)齡前需要增加細(xì)微動(dòng)作的協(xié)調(diào)性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子成分完整。根據(jù)句意，句子意思?xì)埲?，固定搭配accordingto"根據(jù)"符合語(yǔ)境，位于句首，首字母需大寫，故填A(yù)ccordingto。（6）As.考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：隨著孩子們年齡的增長(zhǎng)，這些精細(xì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)技能將得到提高，并變得更加復(fù)雜。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處應(yīng)填連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，從句不缺少成分，根據(jù)句意，連詞as"隨著"符合語(yǔ)境，由as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。位于句首，首字母需大寫，故填A(yù)s。（7）moreadvanced.考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：小學(xué)及以后可以看到更進(jìn)一步的精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能，如當(dāng)孩子5至6歲學(xué)會(huì)系鞋帶。由"finemotorskills"可知，空格處應(yīng)該填形容詞，advanced是形容詞"先進(jìn)的，進(jìn)一步的"，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，對(duì)比上文講述4歲和5歲小孩子可以做的事情，那么5歲至6歲，即小學(xué)以后可以看到更近一步的精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能，因此要用形容詞的比較級(jí)，故填moreadvanced。（8）improved.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在7歲的時(shí)候，我們可以驚奇地看到他們的表現(xiàn)有所提高。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填形容詞修飾主語(yǔ)"performance"，故填improved。（9）isdelayed.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：如果一個(gè)單一的里程碑，比如使用餐具，被推遲，它不一定會(huì)引起關(guān)注。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，if引導(dǎo)的從句缺少動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)是"asinglemilestone"，與動(dòng)詞delay之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，由語(yǔ)境可知，表示事實(shí)應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以空出要填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填isdelayed。（10）tocontrol.考查不定式。句意：老師也可以利用手眼協(xié)調(diào)能力—孩子的眼睛，來(lái)控制他們的手和手指的能力—來(lái)幫助孩子提高精細(xì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)技能。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中含有動(dòng)詞use，因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意老師可以使用手眼協(xié)調(diào)鞥能力去控制孩子的手和手指的能力，為目的狀語(yǔ)，tocontrol符合語(yǔ)境，故填tocontrol。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】語(yǔ)法填空考查學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合知識(shí)的運(yùn)用，做題時(shí)要首先明確短文大意，從詞語(yǔ)搭配，固定句型，語(yǔ)法，時(shí)態(tài)等方面綜合考慮，結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境找出正確答案。SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.2．A.housingB.leisurelyC.soughtD.referenceE.primarilyF.legG.windingH.wildlyI.pioneeredJ.majorK.highlight18thCenturyGrandTourofEuropeTheGrandTourbeganinthe16thcenturyandgainedpopularityduringthe17thcentury.Privileged（有特權(quán)的）youngEuropeangraduates（1）Iatrendwheretheytraveledacrossthecontinentinsearchofartandcultu