落葉針葉園林植物

落葉針葉園林植物Metasequoiaglyptostroboides（73）水杉參考：/item/水杉水杉：裸子植物杉科。落葉喬木，小枝對(duì)生，下垂。葉線形，交互對(duì)生，假二列成羽狀復(fù)葉狀，長(zhǎng)1-1.7厘米，下面兩側(cè)有4-8條氣孔線。雌雄同株。球果下垂，近球形，微具4棱，長(zhǎng)1.8-2.5厘米，有長(zhǎng)柄；種鱗木質(zhì)，盾形，每種鱗具5～9種子，種子扁平，周?chē)哒?。水杉屬在中生代白堊紀(jì)和新生代約有6～7種，過(guò)去認(rèn)為早已絕滅，1941年中國(guó)植物學(xué)者在湖北利川謀道鎮(zhèn)（當(dāng)時(shí)四川萬(wàn)縣磨刀溪）首次發(fā)現(xiàn)這一聞名中外古老珍稀孑遺樹(shù)種。據(jù)近年調(diào)查，重慶萬(wàn)州、重慶石柱縣、湖北利川和湖南龍山、桑植均發(fā)現(xiàn)300余年的巨樹(shù)。水杉適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，喜濕潤(rùn)生長(zhǎng)快，北京以南各地均有栽培。材質(zhì)輕軟，可供建筑、板料、造紙等用；樹(shù)姿優(yōu)美，為庭園觀賞樹(shù)。簡(jiǎn)介識(shí)別特征圖片來(lái)源：/tu/1717水杉水杉是喬木，高達(dá)35米，胸徑達(dá)2.5米；樹(shù)干基部常膨大；樹(shù)皮灰色、灰褐色或暗灰色，幼樹(shù)裂成薄片脫落，大樹(shù)裂成長(zhǎng)條狀脫落，內(nèi)皮淡紫褐色；枝斜展，小枝下垂，幼樹(shù)樹(shù)冠尖塔形，老樹(shù)樹(shù)冠狹圓錐形，枝葉稀疏；側(cè)生小枝排成羽狀，長(zhǎng)4-15厘米，冬季凋落；主枝上的冬芽卵圓形或橢圓形，頂端鈍，長(zhǎng)約4毫米，徑3毫米，芽鱗寬卵形，先端圓或鈍，長(zhǎng)寬幾相等。葉條形，長(zhǎng)0.8-3.5（常1.3-2）厘米，寬1-2.5（常1.5-2）毫米，上面淡綠色，下面色較淡，沿中脈有兩條較邊帶稍寬的淡黃色氣孔帶，每帶有4-8條氣孔線，葉在側(cè)生小枝上列成二列，羽狀，冬季與枝一同脫落。花期2月下旬，球果11月成熟。幼樹(shù)樹(shù)冠尖塔形，老樹(shù)樹(shù)冠狹圓錐形，枝葉稀疏；側(cè)生小枝排成羽狀，長(zhǎng)4-15厘米，秋季顏色由綠變黃，冬季凋落。秋色葉觀賞特征分布區(qū)域Ⅳ區(qū)Ⅴ區(qū)生態(tài)習(xí)性秋色葉耐水濕Ⅵ區(qū)抗so2抗CL2Ⅶ區(qū)Glyptostrobuspensilis（74）水松參考/item/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9D%BE/830080水松是杉科，水松屬喬木，1-2月開(kāi)花。陽(yáng)性，喜暖熱多雨氣候，酸性土，耐水濕.樹(shù)冠狹圓錐形，樹(shù)姿優(yōu)美。分布于中國(guó)廣州珠江三角洲和福建中部及閩江下游海拔1000米以下地區(qū)。廣東東部及西部、福建西部及北部、江西東部、四川東南部、廣西及云南東南部也有零星分布。此外南京、武漢、廬山、上海、杭州等地有栽培。該種為中國(guó)特有樹(shù)種，木材實(shí)用價(jià)值大，可栽于河邊、堤旁，作固堤護(hù)岸和防風(fēng)之用。樹(shù)形優(yōu)美，可作庭園樹(shù)種?？勺魉幱谩：?jiǎn)介識(shí)別特征圖片來(lái)源：/pic/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9D%BE/830080/0/dc54564e9258d109aa84e333dc58ccbf6d814dcf?fr=lemma&ct=single#aid=0&pic=dc54564e9258d109aa84e333dc58ccbf6d814dcf水松高可達(dá)25米，樹(shù)干有扭紋；樹(shù)皮縱裂成不規(guī)則的長(zhǎng)條片；枝條稀疏，大枝近平展，葉片多型：鱗形葉較厚或背腹隆起，有白色氣孔點(diǎn)，冬季不脫落；條形葉兩側(cè)扁平，先端尖，基部漸窄，淡綠色。秋季葉子變色。圖片來(lái)源：/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E6%B0%B4%E6%9D%BE%E5%BC%80%E8%8A%B1&step_word=&hs=0&pn=21&spn=0&di=24640&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=3311956312%2C1083432153&os=2130977942%2C226269229&simid=4275453520%2C852239612&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=237&fr=&fmq=1584952164356_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined©right=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2F%2Fimages%2Fupload%2Fupc%2Ftx%2Fitbbs%2F1701%2F02%2Fc15%2F34361327_1483338142752_mthumb.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3F1r_z%26e3Brv5gstgj_z%26e3Bv54_z%26e3BvgAzdH3Fri5p5AzdH3Fstfp_n0dc00d_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=16&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E6%B0%B4%E6%9D%BE%E5%BC%80%E8%8A%B1&step_word=&hs=0&pn=42&spn=0&di=12100&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&cs=3572818968%2C4206354009&os=1913580768%2C1603177021&simid=4212956558%2C587027125&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=237&fr=&fmq=1584952164356_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined©right=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2F%2Fimages%2Fupload%2Fupc%2Ftx%2Fitbbs%2F1101%2F18%2Fc3%2F6576576_1295361468983_1024x1024it.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Ftpkkf_z%26e3Brv5gstgj_z%26e3Bv54_z%26e3BvgAzdH3F1vAzdH3Fp5rtv_0bb9mac-8d90dma0_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=16&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined觀賞特征秋色葉球果倒卵圓形，種鱗木質(zhì)，扁平，鱗背近邊緣處有三角狀尖齒；苞鱗與種鱗合生圖片來(lái)源：/pic/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9D%BE/830080/0/dc54564e9258d109aa84e333dc58ccbf6d814dcf?fr=lemma&ct=single#aid=0&pic=6159252dd42a2834f647878a56b5c9ea14cebf4a/pic/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9D%BE/830080/0/dc54564e9258d109aa84e333dc58ccbf6d814dcf?fr=lemma&ct=single#aid=0&pic=6a600c338744ebf8a380d4bed4f9d72a6159a7ba球果觀賞特征作為盆景整體觀賞特征圖片來(lái)源：/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E6%B0%B4%E6%9D%BE%E7%9B%86%E6%99%AF&step_word=&hs=0&pn=0&spn=0&di=33220&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=3143338054%2C2427517955&os=3342574336%2C3974817313&simid=3512190634%2C235140177&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=375&fr=&fmq=1584952648018_R&fm=detail&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined©right=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2F%2Ffile%2Fupload%2F201506%2F19%2F10-35-51-90-1.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3Brjg3tg2b_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3FzwtrjtAzdH3FdAzdH3Fc80l_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=1&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E6%B0%B4%E6%9D%BE%E7%9B%86%E6%99%AF&step_word=&hs=0&pn=10&spn=0&di=34880&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=477913979%2C1194055937&os=564350714%2C2113614177&simid=0%2C0&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=375&fr=&fmq=1584952648018_R&fm=detail&ic=undefined&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined©right=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=15&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2F%2Ft0105bf4fa2a5b25979.png%3Fsize%3D640x519&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Ftpj4_z%26e3Bkpt4j_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3F4_df8vsqen9j3&gsm=1&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined分布區(qū)域抗so2生態(tài)習(xí)性耐水濕VIII區(qū)VI區(qū)GPesudolarixamabilis（75）金錢(qián)松參考/item/%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E6%9D%BE/828303?fr=aladdin金錢(qián)松為松科金錢(qián)松屬下的一個(gè)種。別稱金松（杭州），水樹(shù)（浙江湖州）葉片條形，扁平柔軟，在長(zhǎng)枝上成螺旋狀散生，在短枝上15～30枚簇生，向四周輻射平展，秋后變金黃色，圓如銅錢(qián)，因此而得名。陽(yáng)性，喜溫暖多雨氣候及酸性土，深根性，抗風(fēng).錢(qián)松為著名的古老殘遺植物，最早的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)于西伯利亞?wèn)|部與西部的晚白堊世地層中，古新世至上新世在斯匹次卑爾根群島、歐洲、亞洲中部、美國(guó)西部、中國(guó)東北部及日本亦有發(fā)現(xiàn)。由于氣候的變遷，尤其是更新世的大冰期的來(lái)臨，使各地的金錢(qián)松滅絕。只在中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江中下游少數(shù)地區(qū)幸存下來(lái)。因分布零星，個(gè)體稀少，結(jié)實(shí)有明顯的間歇性，而亟待保護(hù)。木材紋理通直，硬度適中，材質(zhì)稍粗，性較脆。可作建筑、板材、家具、器具及木纖維工業(yè)原料等用；樹(shù)皮可提栲膠，入藥（俗稱土槿皮）有助于治頑癬和食積等癥；根皮亦可藥用，也可作造紙膠料種子可榨油。簡(jiǎn)介識(shí)別特征圖片來(lái)源：/pic/%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E6%9D%BE/828303/0/2e2eb9389b504fc26f814ca2e7dde71191ef6dbf?fr=lemma&ct=single#aid=250981&pic=1f178a82b9014a90eaef9bf4a9773912b21beea2金錢(qián)松葉條形，柔軟，鐮狀或直，上部稍寬，長(zhǎng)2～5.5厘米，寬1.5～4毫米（幼樹(shù)及萌生枝之葉長(zhǎng)達(dá)7厘米，寬5毫米），先端銳尖或尖，上面綠色，中脈微明顯，下面藍(lán)綠色，中脈明顯，每邊有5～14條氣孔線，氣孔帶較中脈帶為寬或近于等寬；長(zhǎng)枝之葉輻射伸展，短枝之葉簇狀密生，平展成圓盤(pán)形，秋后葉呈金黃色?；S色，圓柱狀，下垂球果倒卵圓形，種鱗木質(zhì)，扁平，鱗背近邊緣處有三角狀尖齒；苞鱗與種鱗合生圖片來(lái)源：/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E6%9D%BE%E9%9B%84%E7%90%83&step_word=&hs=0&pn=0&spn=0&di=220&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=466275384%2C2371956537&os=3116557865%2C2961591684&simid=0%2C0&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=52&fr=&fmq=1585020433932_R&fm=result&ic=&s=undefined&hd=&latest=©right=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2F%2Fsinacn10121%2F138%2Fw586h352%2F20190320%2Fa30a-huqrnan3290564.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fh_z%26e3Bftgw_z%26e3Bv54_z%26e3BvgAzdH3Fw6ptvsj_mcb0b8cb0n_8bbww80v8aa8aa2yr8_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=1&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined/pic/%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E6%9D%BE/828303/10162532/34fae6cd7b899e51f258e75d42a7d933c9950da1?fr=lemma&ct=cover#aid=10162532&pic=34fae6cd7b899e51f258e75d42a7d933c9950da1花果觀賞特征多作為盆景為觀賞圖片來(lái)源：/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E6%9D%BE%E7%9B%86%E6%99%AF%E5%9B%BE&step_word=&hs=0&pn=10&spn=0&di=13200&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=2686264406%2C3015738861&os=3634555455%2C2418693151&simid=3403955744%2C443047089&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=275&fr=&fmq=1585020539351_R&fm=result&ic=&s=undefined&hd=&latest=©right=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2F%2Fb%2F%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E6%9D%BE%E7%9B%86%E6%99%AF%E6%A0%91%EF%BC%8C%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E6%9D%BE%E5%B1%9Eamabilis%EF%BC%8C%E8%A2%AB%E9%9A%94-37141146.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fvg_z%26e3B16jw4fpt4j_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3F%25Ec%25BA%25ln%25Ec%25AD%25lb%25E0%25bc%25A0%25E0%25bl%25b0-%25El%25b0%25l8%25El%25ld%25B8%25Em%25lD%25BE%25EF%25BC%25bC%25E0%25lB%25bm%25Em%25ll%25AF%25Em%25Aa%25l8%25EF%25BC%25bC%25El%25b0%25l8%25El%25ld%25B8%25Em%25lD%25BE%25Ec%25B8%25lEw4wktstf%25EF%25BC%25bC%25Eb%25Ad%25AB%25El%25lA%25l9-t4w2jnd9l9mda&gsm=b&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E6%9D%BE%E7%9B%86%E6%99%AF%E5%9B%BE&step_word=&hs=0&pn=11&spn=0&di=11560&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=2831133562%2C3637884816&os=2832943485%2C3130164890&simid=4124945185%2C576669784&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=275&fr=&fmq=1585020539351_R&fm=result&ic=&s=undefined&hd=&latest=©right=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=15&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2F%2Fnewsapp_match%2F0%2F2664972920%2F0.jpg&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fh7wtkw5_z%26e3Bqq_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3FfAzdH3Fda8ba8alBa8JSnaa%3F6juj6%3Dfrt1j6&gsm=b&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined觀賞特征盆景葉秋后變金黃色，圓如銅錢(qián)秋色葉觀賞特征圖片來(lái)源：/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E6%9D%BE&step_word=&hs=0&pn=3&spn=0&di=27720&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=1175040061%2C3573954382&os=3508961571%2C3364766924&simid=3338367212%2C273584557&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=1776&fr=&fmq=1585017813611_R&fm=result&ic=&s=undefined&hd=&latest=©right=&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=http%3A%2F%2F%2Fg3%2FM00%2F03%2FC3%2FCg-40lhmZr-IK91GAA_V9BNDKJQAAF2EQKODqQAD9YM889.jpg%3FimageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F1200%2Fq%2F90%2Fignore-error%2F1%2F&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Frr_z%26e3Bujg2gtw5_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3F9cda9d_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=4&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&force=undefined/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E6%9D%BE&step_word=&hs=0&pn=17&spn=0&di=148500&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=2205849522%2C3113556444&os=2998534602%2C605433787&simid=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喬木，在原產(chǎn)地高達(dá)25米；樹(shù)干基部膨大，通常有屈膝狀的呼吸根（低濕地生長(zhǎng)尤為顯著）；樹(shù)皮褐色，縱裂，成長(zhǎng)條片脫落；枝條向上伸展，樹(shù)冠較窄，呈尖塔形；當(dāng)年生小枝綠色，細(xì)長(zhǎng)，通常微向下彎垂，二年生小枝呈褐紅色。葉鉆形，微內(nèi)曲，在枝上螺旋狀伸展，上部微向外伸展或近直展，下部通常貼近小枝，基部下延，向上漸窄，先端有漸尖的銳尖頭，下面有棱脊，上面中脈微隆起.球果圓球形或矩圓狀球形，有短梗，向下斜垂，熟時(shí)褐黃色；種鱗木質(zhì)，盾形；種子不規(guī)則三角形，微扁，紅褐色，邊緣有銳脊?；ㄆ?-4月，球果10月成熟。樹(shù)冠狹圓錐形。圖片來(lái)源：/pic/%E6%B1%A0%E6%9D%89/3502349/0/bd3eb13533fa828bfa3be1b2f61f4134970a5a42?fr=lemma#aid=0&pic=d041a4a17ce78db246106415觀賞特征秋葉鮮褐色。圖片來(lái)源：/pic/%E6%B1%A0%E6%9D%89/3502349/25014902/55e736d12f2eb938da807b68db628535e4dd6fbe?fr=lemma#aid=25014902&pic=55e736d12f2eb938da807b68db628535e4dd6fbe秋色葉觀賞特征分布區(qū)域V區(qū)VI區(qū)VII區(qū)VIII區(qū)生態(tài)習(xí)性耐水濕不耐堿喜溫暖Taxodiumdistichum（77）落羽杉參考：/ite