高分指導中心2011翻譯英語

廈門大學2011年招收攻讀入學考試試(專 科目代碼專業(yè)領域：翻譯PartⅠVocabularyand ACompleteeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththebestchoice.每小題1分，共 hasnowintroducedapayrisesarerelatedtoperformancesatwork.A. B. C. D.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty, soneednothavedressed B.mustnothavedressedC.didnotneedtodress D.mustnotdressWesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnow EasternA. B.itreceives C. D.itdoesThebrillianceofhisSatires makeevenhisvictimsA.soastoB.suchas C.so D.suchMuchas ,Icouldn'tlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidn'thavethatmuchsparecash.Ishouldhaveliked B.IwouldliketoC.Ishouldhaveto D.Iwouldhavelikedforthewar,thetwocountrieswouldhavenormalizedtheirrelations,thirtyyearsearlier.A.Ifitwas B.IfhaditnotbeenC.Wereit D.Haditnotnocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisA.There B. C. D.There lectistothe sightistotheA. B. C. D.Theauthorofthenovelwasbroughtupinthecountry, ofherworks.asit B.as C.that D,such sotiredif forthewholewouldn'tfeel...didn'twouldn'tfeel...weren'twouldn'tbefeeling...weren'twouldn'tbefeeling...hadn'tbeenTheartifactsdisyedinthe theboy'sA. B. C. D.Thistuneis toJ.S.A. B. C. D.Therehasbeenan dropinthenumberofunemployedsincethenewernmentcametopower.A. B. C. D.Childrenunder16 fromtheusualchargesfordentalA. B. C. D.Heis inhishandlingoftheschool'sA. B. C. D.Inthatcountry,studentswillbe admittancetotheirclassroomiftheyarenotproperlydressed.A. B. C. D.Hemadesome sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.A. B. C. D.Hetries hislessons .A.cheer B. C. D.livenInthatshopyoucanbuyanykindsof formodelships,andyouwillhavegreatfunassemblingthetinybitsandpiecesprovidedintosomethingthatmaybearadecenttoaship.outfits, B.kits,C.tools, D.ns, roomsmust bynoon,butluggagemaybeleftWithdeparted, D.disced,13Correcttheerrorineachlinemarkedwithanumber.每小題1分,共10分ForthelastfifteenortwentyyearsthefashionincriticismorappreciationtheArtshavebeentodenytheexistenceofanyvalidcriteriaandtomake words"good"or"bad"irrelevant,immaterial,andinapplicable.Thereisnosuchthing,wearetold,likeasetofstandardsfirstacquiredthroughexperience knowledgeandlateimposedonthesubjectunderdiscussion.Thishasbeen popularapproach,foritrelievesthecriticoftheresponsibilityofjudgmentandthepublicbythenecessityofknowledge,Itpleasesthoseresentfulof itflatterstheempty-mindedbycallinghimopen-minded,anditcomforts Underthebannerofdemocracyandthekindofqualitywhichourfathersdidnotmean,itsays,ineffect,"Whoareyou luswhatisorbad?"Thisissamecryusedsolongandsoeffectivelybythe ofmassmediawhoinsistthatitisthepublic,notthey,whodecidewhat wantstohearandtosee,andthatforacritictosaythatthisprogramisbadthatprogramisgoodispureareflection altaste.Nobody highlyin ligentofCBS evision.AtahearingbeforetheFederalCommunicationsCommission,thisphraseescapedfromhimunderquestioning: PartⅡReadthefollowingpassages. Answerthemultiple-choicequestionsandtheshort-answerquestiontoeachpassage.Passage"Museum"isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.Both to'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion,amusesshrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples—notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)—hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwere altoitsmainpurpose.TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticnts,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinby tion(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant"Muses-shrine".Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejewelledreliesofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot"collected"either,but"site-specific".andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem—andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisysofantiquitieswouldinspire stoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation;andsocouldbeconsideredMuses-shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly"inspirational"collections.Soontheymultiplied,and.gradually,exemry"modem"workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries,Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNaturhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure,Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.Multiple-choicequestions(每小題1分，共5分Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeans.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15ththemeaningofthewordhadchangedoverthetheGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheTheideathatmuseumcouldmeanamountainoranobjectoriginates.the"...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeans therewasagreatdemandforfakersgrewrapidlyinfakersbecamemorePaintingsandsculpturesondisyinchurchesinthe15thcentury collectedfrommadepartofthedonatedbyboughtbyModemmuseumscameintoexistenceinorder protectroyalandchurchimproveexistingstimulatepublicraisemoreShort-answerquestion(每小題3分，共3分Accordingtothepassage,whydidtheconnectionbetweenmuseumsand"Muses-shrines"reviveinthe15th-centuryEurope?PassageRichard,KingofEnglandfrom1t89to1199,withallhischaracteristicvirtuesandfaultscastinaheroicmould,isoneofthemostfascinatingmedievalfigures,Hehasbeendescribedasthecreatureandembodimentoftheageofchivalry.Inthosedaysthelionwasmuckadmiredinheraldry,andmorethanonekingsoughttolinkhimselfwithitsrepute.WhenRichard'scontemporariescalledhim"CoeurdeLion"(TheLionheart),theypaidalastingcomplimenttothekingofbeasts.LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures,HewasinEnglandonlytwiceforafewshortmonthsinhistenyears'reign;yethismemoryhasalwaysEnglishhearts,andseemstopresentthroughoutthecenturiesthepatternofthefightingman.InalldeedsofprowessaswellasinlargeschemesofwarRichardshone.Hewastalland yshaped,stronginnerveandsinew,andmostdexterousinarms.Herejoicedinalcombat,andregardedhisopponentswithoutmaliceasnecessaryagentsinhisfame.Helovedwarnotsomuchforthesakeofgloryorpoliticalends,butasothermenlovescienceorpoetry,fortheexcitementofthestruggleandthegrowofvictor3'.Bythishiswholetemperamentwastoned;andunitedwiththehighestqualitiesofthemilitarycommander,loveofwarcalledforthallthepowersofhismindandbody.Althoughamanofbloodand ,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel,Hewasasreadytoforgiveashewashastytooffend;hewasopen-handedandmunificenttoprofusion;inwarcircumspectindesignandskilfulinexecution;inpoliticalachild,lackinginsubtletyandexperience,Hispoliticalallianceswereformeduponhislikesanddislikes;hispoliticalschemeshadneitherunitynorclearnessofpurpose.Theadvantagesgainedforhimbymilitarygeniuswereflungawaythroughdiplomaticineptitude.When,onthejourneytotheEast,MessinainSicilywaswonbyhisarms;hewaseasilypersuadedtosharewithhispolished,faithlessally,PhilipAugustus,fruitsofavictorywhichmorewiselyusedmighthavefoiledtheFrenchKing'sartfulschemes.TherichandtenableacquisitionofCypruswascastawayevenmoreeasilythanitwaswon.Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyin.In1199,whenthedifficultiesofraisingrevenueforfineendlesswarwereattheirheight,goodnewswasbroughttoKingRichard.ItwassaidtherehadbeendugupnearthecastleofChaluz,onthelandsofoneofhisFrenchvassals,atreasureofwonderfulquality;agroupofgoldenimagesofanemperor,hiswife,sonsanddaughters,seatedroundatable,alsoofgold,hadbeenunearthed,TheKingclaimedthistreasureaslordparamount.ThelordofChaluzresistedthedemand,andtheKinglaidsiegetohissmall,weakcastleonthethirdday,asherodedaringly,nearthewall,confidentinhishard-triedluck,aboltfromacrossbowstruckhimintheleftshoulder.bytheneck.Thewound,alreadydeep,wasaggravatedbythenecessarycuttingoutofthearrow-head,Gangrenesetin,andCoeurdeLionknewthathemustpayasoldier'sdebt.Hepreparedfordeathwithfortitudeandcalm,andinaccordancewiththeprincipleshehadfollowed.Hearrangedhisaffairs,hedividedhis albelongingsamonghisfriendsorbequeathedthemtocharity.HedeclaredJohntobehisheir,andmadeallpresentswearfealtytohim.Heorderedthearcherwhohadshotthefatalbolt,andwhowasnowaprisoner,tobebroughtbeforehim.Hepardonedhim,andmadehimagiftofmoney.ForsevenyearshehadnotconfessedforfearofbeingcompelledtobereconciledtoPhilip,butnowhereceivedtheofficesoftheChurchwithsincereandexemrypiety,anddiedintheforty-secondyearofhisagecaApril6,1199,worthy,bytheconsentofallmen,tositwithKingArthurandRolandandotherheroesofmartialromanceatsomeEternalRoundTable,whichwetrusttheCreatoroftheUniverseinHiscomprehensionwillnothaveforgottentoprovide.ThearcherwasflayedMultiple- questions(每小題1分，共5分"littledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices"(paragraphone)meansthattheEnglish paidfewtaxestogavehimlittlereceivedlittleprotectionfromhadnorealcausetofeelgratefultoTosaythathislifewasa"magnificentparade"(paragraphTwo)impliesthatitwastosomeextent spentchieflyatimpressiveandlivedtooanemptyRichard'sbehaviorasdeathapproached braveryandself-wisdomanddevotionandchivalryandThepointofthelastshortparagraphisthatRichard cheatedbyhisowndeterminedtotakerevengeonhismoregeneroustohisenemiesthanhisunabletoinfluencethebehaviorofhisTherelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphsiseachpresentsonesideofthethefirstgeneralizesandthesecondgivesthesecondisthelogicalresultoftheShort-answerquestion(每小題3分，共3分Passage3ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-day'sflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.Chile,therefore,ishavingtofighthardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcominghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.Butitissucceeding,notonlyinexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWesternEuropebutinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChile'stouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyear.Thestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworldwiden,takingpartintradefairsandinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.Chile'sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.Fromthe amaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.Itsbeachesarenotupto.CaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararegenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.ButthetrompcardistheAndesmountainrange.Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour'sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandntspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialistvisitors:includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion'srivers.However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsandpistesastheirEuropeancounterpartsandthepoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile'stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUnitedStatesandEurope,whileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxury sarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile'sAntarctic"Territoryaxealsoonthelistofareaswherethe ernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourismisnotbeing edbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,includingGreenpeace,saythatmanypansofAndeswillsufferifthey eover-developed.ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsuffertheculturaldestructionwitnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.TheofopeningupAntarcticatotourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanentsettlementsontheiceandmanypeopleseethedecisiontoallowtouriststhereasapoliticalmove,enhancingSantiago'sterritorialclaimoverpartofAntarctica.TheChilean ernmenthaspromisedtorespecttheenvironmentasitseekstobringtourismtotheseareas.Butthereareimmensecommercialpressurestoexploitthecountry'stourismpotential.The ernmentwillhavetomonitordevelopmentscloselyifitisgenuinelyconcernedincreatingabalanced,controlledindustry-andifthepriceofanincreasinglylucrativetouristmarketisnotgoingtomeanthelossofmanyof-Chile'snaturalriches.Multiple- questions(每小題1分，共5分Chileisdisadvantagedinthepromotionofitstourism geographicalguerrillapoliticalstreetManyofChile'stouristsusedtocomefrom U.S,theFarwesternher theunspoiltthedryandhotthefamousmountainthehighstandardofFacilitiesintheskiDomestictransportAirservicestoRoadnetworkintheTheobjectiontothedevelopmentofChile'stourismmightbeallEXCEPTthat.isambitionsandwillbringharmtowillcausepollutionintheShort-answerquestion(每小題3分，共3分Pleaserefertotheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage.Whatdoes"infrastructuraldevelopment"refertointhecontext?3%PassageDespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay,"Denmarkisagreatcountry."You'resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife'sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars;threedaysatastudycentrehearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip,itisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs—thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs.It'sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethinghew—andnonuclearpowerp/ants.It'sanationoftirelessnner.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld'scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-societyintheNorthernHemisphere."So,ofcourse,one'sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!"),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,and-ontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjay-walkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit's2a.m.andthere'snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon'tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople——that'showtheyseeSwedesandGermans,Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes,Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfuturei.nEuropewiltbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods,YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBaltieStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-Theorderlinessofthesociety,doesn'tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmesayorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewould lyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves,Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.Butthereisasense,ofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn'tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto,you'reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemaredeartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.Multiple-choicequestions(每小題1分，共5分TheauthorthinksthatDanesadopt attitudetowardstheirWhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedintheFondnessofforeignLinguisticTheauthor'sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustry Accordingtothepassage,Danish getsthepeopleapartfromGermansandsparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherisconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothepreventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingAttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPT DanesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialDanestakeforgrantedWhatisgiventotheopensystemhelpstotidethecountryorderlinesshasalleviatedShort-answerquestion(每小題3分，共3分Whatcanyouinferfromthepassageconcerningtheauthor'sattitudetowardDanishcharacteristics?PassageThetemperatureoftheSunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.TheSunissomuchhotterthantheEarththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore.Inthecore