老子全英文介紹

老子全英文介紹第1頁/共36頁4/23/2023LuXunsaid:

"ChinarootsdeepinTaoism.IfonewantstocomprehendChinesehistoryandculture,onemustcomprehendTaoismfirst."第2頁/共36頁4/23/2023第3頁/共36頁4/23/2023LiEr(李耳)BoYang(伯陽)LiDan(李聃)ElderDan(老聃)SeniorLord(老君)SeniorLordLi(李老君)SeniorLordTaishang(太上老君)TaoistLordLaoZi(老子道君)SupremeMysteriousandPrimordialEmperor(太上玄元皇帝)Names第4頁/共36頁4/23/2023LifeofLaoziHome:QurenVillage,LITownship（厲鄉(xiāng)曲仁里）,KuCountyinthestateofChu,inpresentdayLuyi（鹿里）,HenanProvinceCareer:librarian(圖書管理員),archivist(案卷保管員）,grandscribe（太史）oldage：resignedfromofficialpostandlivedinseclusion(隱居）第5頁/共36頁4/23/2023第6頁/共36頁4/23/2023第7頁/共36頁4/23/2023Story:孔子適周，將問禮于老子。

Once,ConfuciuswenttoZhouandconsultedwithLaozionritualmatters.

第8頁/共36頁4/23/2023老子曰：“良賈深藏若虛，君子盛德、容貌若愚。去子之驕氣與多欲，態(tài)色與淫志，是皆無益于子之身?！盠aozi'sresponsewasacritiqueofConfucius'steachings.

LaozitellsConfuciustogiveuphisstiffdeportmentandpridefulairs.孔子去，謂弟子曰：“鳥，吾知其能飛；魚，吾知其能游；獸，吾知其能走。走者可以為罔，游者可以為綸，飛者可以為矰。至于龍吾不能知，其乘風云而上天。吾今日見老子，其猶龍邪！”

ConfuciusisreportedtohavepraisedLaozi’swisdomandtohavecomparedhimtoadragonwhoseabilitieswerebeyondhisunderstanding.第9頁/共36頁4/23/2023Conclusion:1.Hewasanarchivistorlibrarianattheroyalcourtof

Zhou;

2.HewasvisitedbyConfuciusandtalkedaboutrites;3.Hepreachedtheretirementfromtheworld;4.Heleftthecourt,wrotetheDaodejing,anddisappearedwithoutatrace.第10頁/共36頁4/23/2023Work：DaoDeJing《道德經(jīng)》Achievement：esteemedasaphilosopherbyConfucianists;asaint(圣人)orgodbythecommonpeopleofChina;adivinity(神)andtherepresentativeoftheDaoidea:DialecticalThought(辯證法思想)

Noninterference(無為而治)Thedualcultivation(性命雙修)第11頁/共36頁4/23/2023Daoism:PhilosophyofLaozi

DaoDeJing

hasbeenstudiedby

literarycritics

forcenturies,andhave

influencedeveryaspectinourlife

第12頁/共36頁4/23/2023①Tao/Daotheimageofahairy,humanheadafootwalking"thewayoftheancients"第13頁/共36頁4/23/2023—Taoisundefinable,unlimited,andunnamable.道可道，非常道;名可名，非常名。無名，天地之始;有名，萬物之母。

—《道德經(jīng)》第一章TheTaothatcanbetoldofisnottheeternalTao;Thenamethatcanbenamedisnottheeternalname.TheNamelessistheoriginofHeavenandEarth;TheNamedisthemotherofallthings.

Thefeaturesof“Tao”:第14頁/共36頁4/23/2023

TaogavebirthtotheOne;theOnegavebirthsuccessivelytotwo

things,threethings,uptothenthousand.

道生一，一生二，二生三，三生萬物

第15頁/共36頁4/23/2023DialecticalThought(辯證法思想)Fortruly,beingandnot—beinggrow

outofoneanother;Difficultandeasycompleteoneanother.Longandlow

determineoneanother.Pitchandmode

giveharmonyto

oneanother.Frontandbackgivesequencetooneanother

有無相生，難易相成，長短相形，高下相盈，音聲相和，前后相隨，恒也第16頁/共36頁4/23/2023

InTaotheonlymotionisreturning;Theonlyusefulquality,weakness.Forthoughallcreaturesunderheavenaretheproductsofbeing,beingisitselfistheproductofNon-being

反者道之動；弱者道之用。

天下萬物生于有，有生于無。

第17頁/共36頁4/23/2023ManyofLaozi’senlighteningviewsarebasedonhisphilosophyofnaturalness(自然主義)andnon-action（無為）.第18頁/共36頁4/23/2023Naturalness自然主義；順其自然

Itreferstoanaturalstateofbeing,anattitudeoffollowingthewayofnature.Laoziemphasizedthateverythingintheworldhasitsownwayofbeinganddeveloping:birdsflyinthesky,fishswiminthewater,flowersbloomandflowersfall.Headmonishedpeopletogiveuponanydesirestocontroltheworld.第19頁/共36頁4/23/2023第20頁/共36頁4/23/2023★Waternourisheseverythingbutcontendsfornothing.

水善利萬物而不爭?！颳aternourisheseverythingbutcontendsfornothing.水善利萬物而不爭。老子的《道德經(jīng)》第八章：“上善若水。水善利萬物而不爭，處眾人之所惡，故幾于道。居善地，心善淵，與善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，動善時。夫唯不爭，故無尤?！钡?1頁/共36頁4/23/2023★Thegreatestvirtueislikewater.

“上善若水”意為最高境界的善行就像水的品性一樣，澤被萬物而不爭名利。上善：至善，最完美；水：這里喻指與世無爭的圣人。達到盡善盡美的境界，就和圣人差不多。水有滋養(yǎng)萬物的德行，它使萬物得到它的利益，而不與萬物發(fā)生矛盾、沖突，故天下最大的善性莫如水。第22頁/共36頁4/23/2023最高的善像水那樣。水善于幫助萬物而不與萬物相爭。它停留在眾人所不喜歡的地方，所以接近于道。上善的人居住要像水那樣安于卑下，存心要像水那樣深沉，交友要像水那樣相親，言語要像水那樣真誠，為政要像水那樣有條有理，辦事要像水那樣無所不能，行為要像水那樣待機而動。正因為他像水那樣與萬物無爭，所以才沒有煩惱。第23頁/共36頁4/23/2023★Nothingintheworldisweakerthanwaterwhenitcomestobreakingsomethingstrong.天下莫柔弱于水，而攻堅強者莫之能勝。Waterisatypicalexampleoftheweakwinningoverthestrong.Waterisinvinciblebecauseitdesiresnothingandcontendsfornothing.第24頁/共36頁4/23/2023★Awareofthestrong,oneshouldremainweak.Oneshouldstartwithone’sownweakpoints,accumulatingstrengthbykeepinglow,justaswaterdoes.Givingupthedesiretoflauntone’ssuperiorityisthebasicwaytoprosperity.★Remainingweakisnotonlythewaytoprosperity,butalsothewaytopreservinglife.第25頁/共36頁4/23/2023Definition:

Wuxingisasystemoffivephasesusedfordescribinginteractionsandrelationshipsbetweenphenomena.Wuxing“五行”第26頁/共36頁4/23/2023Therelationshipbetweenthefiveelements:WoodfeedsFire;FirecreatesEarth;EarthbearsMetal;MetalcarriesWater;WaternourishesWood.TheGeneratingCycle第27頁/共36頁4/23/2023Therelationshipbetweenthefiveelements:WoodpartsEarth;EarthabsorbsWater;WaterquenchesFire;FiremeltsMetal;MetalchopsWood.TheOvercomingCycle第28頁/共36頁4/23/2023Definition:

TheBagua(八卦)areeighttrigramsusedtorepresentarangeofinterrelatedconcepts.Eachconsistsofthreelines,eacheither"broken"or"unbroken,"representingayinlineorayangline,respectively.Duetotheirtripartitestructure,theyareoftenreferredtoas"trigrams"inEnglish.Bagua“八卦”乾Qián

?兌Duì

?離Lí

?震Zhèn

?巽Xùn

?坎Kǎn

?艮Gèn

?坤Kūn

?第29頁/共36頁4/23/2023SourcesofBagua"Fuxi"bagua(伏羲八卦)or"EarlierHeaven"(先天八卦）TheLimitless(Wuji)producesthedelimited,andthisistheAbsolute(Taiji).TheTaijiproducestwoforms,namedyinandyang.Thetwoformsproducefourphenomena,namedlesseryin,greatyin(taiyinalsomeanstheMoon),lesseryang,greatyang(taiyangalsomeanstheSun).Thefourphenomenaactontheeighttrigrams(bagua),eighteightsaresixty-fourhexagrams.無極生有極、有極是太極、

太極生兩儀、即陰陽;

兩儀生四象:即少陰、太陰、少陽、太陽

四象演八卦、八八六十四卦第30頁/共36頁4/23/2023DerivationoftheEarlierHeaveneighttrigrams第31頁/共36頁4/23/2023卦名

Name自然

Nature方位

Direction乾Qian天Heaven南South巽Xun風Wind西南Southwest坎Kan水Water西West艮Gen山Mountain西北Northwest坤Kun地Earth北North震Zhen雷Thunder東北Northeast離Li火F