高中英語主謂一致語法復(fù)習(xí)

3eud教育網(wǎng)百萬教學(xué)資源，完全免費，無須注冊，天天更新！3eud教育網(wǎng)教學(xué)資源集散地?？赡苁亲畲蟮拿赓M教育資源網(wǎng)！高中英語主謂一致語法復(fù)習(xí)高中英語語法之主謂一致概述：1)語法形式上要一致,即用作主語的名詞中心詞和謂語動詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上一致2)意義上要一致,即主語和謂語的一致關(guān)系取決于主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義.1并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時當(dāng)意義為復(fù)數(shù)時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)注意:當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),and此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞.Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were答案B.注:先從時態(tài)上考慮.這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時,先排除A.,C..本題易誤選D,因為TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是兩個人,但仔細辨別,monitor前沒有the,在英語中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞.后面的職務(wù)用and相連.這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應(yīng)選B.2主謂一致中的靠近原則當(dāng)therebe句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致.Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk..Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.總的來說，在由notonly…butalso…,notjust…but…,or,either…or…,neither…nor…連接主語的句子中及在therebe句型中，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按就近原則處理，即按與謂語動詞最靠近的那個主語來確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：NotonlyJohnbutalsoIamgoingtoShanghainextweek.Eitheryouorsheistogo.Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.3謂語動詞與前面的主語一致當(dāng)主語后面跟有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等詞引起的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語一致.Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.4謂語需用單數(shù)1)代詞each和由every,some,no,any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語,或主語中含有each,every,謂語需用單數(shù).Eachofushasatape-recorder.Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.2)當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.<TheArabianNight>是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書.3)表示金錢,時間.距離.價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數(shù).(用復(fù)數(shù)也可,意思不變.)Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.Tenyuanisenough.5指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)1)在代詞what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.Allisright.(一切順利.)Allarepresent.(所有人都到齊了.)2)集體名詞作主語時,謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定.如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時,意為這個集體中的各個成員,用單數(shù)時表示該個集體.Hisfamilyisn'tverylarge.他家不是一個大家庭.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他的家人都是音樂愛好者.但集合名詞people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Arethereanypolicearound3)有些名詞,如variety,number,population,proportion,majority等有時看作單數(shù),有時看作復(fù)數(shù).Anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞.Thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞.Anumberofbookshavelentout.ThemajorityofthestudentslikeEnglish.6與后接名詞或代詞保持一致1)用halfof,partof,mostof,aportionof等詞引起主語時,動詞通常與of后面的名詞,代詞保持一致.Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.2)在一些短語,如manya或morethanone所修飾的詞作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式.但由morethan…of作主語時,動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致.Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.許多人都讀過這本書.Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來自這個城市.主謂一致中的"表里不一"現(xiàn)象和主語必須在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,最基本的原則是:單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)動詞,復(fù)數(shù)主語用復(fù)數(shù)動詞.但在實際使用當(dāng)中情況比較復(fù)雜,現(xiàn)在學(xué)生常犯的主謂一致錯誤歸納整理如下1,"morethanone+名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如:Morethanoneteachergetstheflowers.不止一個教師得到了花.2,"manya+名詞"作主語時,從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如:Manyastudenthasbeensenttoplanttrees.很多學(xué)生被派去植樹.3,"halfof,therestof,mostof,allof及百分數(shù)或分數(shù)+of等后接名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞形式根據(jù)of后的名詞而定.例如:Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋.4,all指人時,動詞用復(fù)數(shù);all指物時,動詞用單數(shù).例如:"Allarepresentandallisgoingwell."所有人全部到場了,一切進展順利5,what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動詞可視表語而定:表語是單數(shù)名詞時,動詞用單數(shù),相反,則用復(fù)數(shù).例如:Whattheywanttogetis

thenumberofgoodbooks.他們想得到的是大量的好書.6,and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞前若用each,every,no修飾,該名詞短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.例如:Nobookandnopenisfoundintheschoolbag.書包里沒有書和鋼筆.7,當(dāng)主語后面有aswellas,with,alongwith,togetherwith,but,like,ratherthan,except等引導(dǎo)的短語時,謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致.例如:MyfatheraswellashisworkmateshasbeentoBeijing.我父親和他的同事曾去過北京.8,each作主語的同位語時,謂語動詞由主語來決定,與each無關(guān).例如:Theyeachhaveabike.他們每人有一輛自行車.9,動詞不定式,動詞-ing形式短語作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如:Goingoutforawalkaftersupperisagoodhabit.晚飯后出去散步是一個好習(xí)慣.10,thefollowing作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致.例如:Thefollowingaregoodexamples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).以-s結(jié)尾的名詞news,works,plastics等同屬此類.例如:Politicsisnowtaughtinallschools.現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開設(shè)政治課.當(dāng)以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞表示"學(xué)科"以外的意義時，用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：mathematics（運算能力）politics(政治觀點)economics（經(jīng)濟意義）等12,有些用來表示由兩個對應(yīng)部分組成一體的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主語時,前面若有"一條","一副","一把"之類的單位詞,動詞用單數(shù);若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如:Theshoesareallright.這些鞋子都很合適.還有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（記錄）.remains（遺體）.thanks等13,"oneanda

half+名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù).例如:Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.桌子上有一個半蘋果.14,"Oneortwomore+復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如:Oneortwopersonsaresenttheretohelpthemdothework.要派一兩個人到那兒去給他們幫忙.15,"oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句"結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而在"theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句"的結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù).例如:Heisoneofthestudentswhogetthereontime.他是準(zhǔn)時到達那里的學(xué)生之一.16,表示時間,距離,金錢等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語表達一個整體概念時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù),但若強調(diào)數(shù)量,謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù).例如:Onemilliondollarsisalotofmoney.一百萬美元是一大筆錢.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題英語可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式是在詞尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞并不是可數(shù)名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實際使用上的困難，以下詳述了以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題。（一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題,如：arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,這類以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語時，謂語動詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如：Arthritiscausesgreatpaininthejointsofthepatient.（二）以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱作主語的主謂一致問題以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱作主語時，謂語動詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如：Dartsisbasicallyaeasygame.但當(dāng)Darts，Marbles等的意義為游戲器具而非游戲名稱時，謂語動詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Threedartsarethrownateachturn.Allnineskittleswerebroughtdownbythegoodthrow.（三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱，如果是國名，如theUnitedStates，theNetherlands等，因其是單一政治實體，所以謂語動詞用作單數(shù)。例如：TheUnitedStateswashitbytheGreatDepressionin1930s'.InearlyJanuary1996theNetherlandswashitbyitsworststormsince1976.但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語，謂語動詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：TheWestIndiesarecommonlydividedintotwoparts.（四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語時，如physics,mathematics,mechanics,optics,acoustics,politicsstatistics,economics,linguistics,athletics等,謂語動詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如：Thethirdworldeconomicsispromising.Athleticsisarequiredcourseforstudentsofallgrades.但如果這類名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其它含義，可作復(fù)數(shù)用。例如：Athleticshavebeengreatlyencouragedatthiscollege.（五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問題A.以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱作主語英語中有一些通常以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞，如glasses,pincers,pliers,scissors,shorts,suspenders,trouse等集合名詞的主謂一致集合名詞作主語時,主謂一致關(guān)系是一個較為復(fù)雜的問題.對此類問題我們可以從"數(shù)"的角度分為四類.1)單數(shù)—復(fù)數(shù)型.凡是有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類.如:aclass—classes;afamily—families;agovernment—governments;anarmy—armies;apeople—peoples;agroup—groups;acrowd—crowds;acrew—crews等.這類集合名詞強調(diào)的是整體性,即當(dāng)作一個整體或多個整體來看待.屬于這類集合名詞的單數(shù)作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).【例如】Abigcrowdoftengathersonthesquareeverymorning.Thegovernmenthasdecidedtopassthebill.TherearehugecrowdsinthestreetsonSunday.TherearemanyEnglish-speakingpeoplesintheworld.但應(yīng)注意,這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式有時表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,所以這些集合名詞的單數(shù)形式也可歸為"單復(fù)同形型"中.2)單數(shù)型.這類集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體,即把這類人或事物的全部包括在內(nèi),所以只有單數(shù)形式.如作主語,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).這類名詞常見的有:humanity,mankind,proletariat等.【例如】Theproletariatisthegreatestclassinthehistoryofmankind.Inthefieldsofproductionandscientificexperiment,mankindmakesconstantprogress.3)復(fù)數(shù)型.這類集合名詞在形式和內(nèi)容上是相互矛盾的,就是說它們只有單數(shù)形式,但表達的都是復(fù)數(shù)概念.它強調(diào)的是集體中的個體性.這類名詞有:police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel等.它們作主語時,謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù).【例如】Thepolicehavecaughtthemurder.Ourpersonnelareveryhighlytrained.Theverminareverydangerous.4)單復(fù)同形型.這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式既可表示單數(shù)也可表示復(fù)數(shù).作主語時,用單數(shù)動詞或復(fù)數(shù)動詞均可,有時意義區(qū)別不大.【例如】Theschoolteachingstaffare(is)excellent.Thepublicis(are)requestednottolitterinthepark.Theteachingprofessionclaim(s)tobebadlypaid.這類集合名詞常見的有:class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience等.根據(jù)說話人的心理意向若把這個集合名詞所代表的人或事物看作一個整體,就認為是單數(shù),用單數(shù)動詞;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干個個體的話,就認為其為復(fù)數(shù),用復(fù)數(shù)動詞.試比較:Thefootballteamisplayingwell.那個足球隊打得非常漂亮.Thefootballteamareshavingsbathandarethencomingbackherefortea.足球隊員們正在洗澡,然后來這里吃茶點.Thefamilyisaveryhappyone.那個家庭是一個非常幸福的家庭.ThatfamilyareverypleasedaboutthenewsofWilliam'ssuccess.全家人對威廉的成功都感到很高興.練習(xí)1.Neitherofthem______goingtothecinema.Bothofthem_____goingtothecinema.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;wasD.are;is2.Allbutone_____herejustnow.AllthatIwanttosay____this.A.was;wereB.was;isC.were;isD.were;were3.Anumberofstudents____goneforanouting.Thenumberofthestudents______increasingyear.A.have;hasB.is;haveC.has;haveD.have;is4.Someoftheoranges______turnedbad.Someofthemilk_______turnedsour(酸).A.have;hasB.have;haveC.has;haveD.have;is5.Eachstudent-____gotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thestudentseach______adictionary.A.have;hasB.has;haveC.have;haveD.has;has6.There_____apen,aninkbottle,andsomebooksonit.There________somebowls,platesandaspoononit.A.is;areB.are;areC.are;isD.is;is7.Eitherthejudgeorthelawvers________wrong.Eitheryouorhe_______toblame.A.is;areB.are;isC.are;areD.is;is8.Hisfamily______allverywell.Hisfamily_______a“fivegood”one.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are9.Mybluetrousers______wornout.Onepairoftrousers______notenough.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is10.OurLeaguesecretaryandmonitor______theleadineverything.OurLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor______goodfriends.A.take;areB.take;isC.takes;isD.takes;are11.Thegirlaswellashisparents_______abike.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheprofessor______surprisedatMary’sanswer.A.have;wasB.have;wereC.has;wasD.has;were12.Who_____thegirlsinginginthenextroom?Who______thesepeopleoverthere?A.are;areB.are;isC.is;areD.is;is13.Mostofthestudents_____boys.Mostofhismoney_____spentonbooks.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are14.Thepoliceman______standingatthestreetcorner.Thepolice_____searchingforhim.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is15.Theglasses______mine.Thatpairofglasses_____mybrother’s.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is16.Thenewsatsixo’clock_____nottrue.Thosepiecesofnews_____tobebroadcasted.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is17.GrandpaWangandhistwograndsons______takingawalkintheparknow.GrandpaWang,togetherwithhistwograndsons,____takingawalkintheparknow.A.are;areB.is;areC.is;isD.are;is18.NoonebutJane______thesecret.NobodybutMaryandI___intheclassroomatthattime.A.know;wasB.

knows;wasC.know;wereD.knows;were19.There_______nothingbuttwoloomsinthehall.There_____somethingwrongwiththemachine.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;isD.were;are20.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____neverlateforschool.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____neverlateforschool.A.is;areB.are;areC.are;isD.is;is21.Whattheyhavedone______ofgreatusetous.Whathesaysandwhathedoes___agree.A.is;notB.

is;donotC.are;doesnotD.are;not22.Everypictureexceptthesetwo_______.Everythingaroundus_____matter.A.havebeensold;isB.havebeensold;areC.hasbeensold;isD.hasbeensold;are23.Awomanwithtwochildren______cominguptous.Mary,alongwithherparents,___movedtoParis.A.is;hasB.is;haveC.are;haveD.are;has24.onesixthofourclassmates_____frompeasantfamilies.Onefifthofhertime____devotedtowriting.A.comes;isB.

come;areC.come;isD.comes;are25.Only10percentofthestudentsintheclass_____Leaguemembers.About40%ofJim’sincome________totherent(租金).A.are;goesB.are;goC.is;goesD.is;go26.Itisthisteacherwho______leavingforLondon.Itisyouwho____next.A.are;areB.is;areC.are;isD.is;is27.Thepopulationoftheearth_____increasingfast.Onethirdofthepopulationhere_____workers.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are28.Thiskindofsnakes_____verydangerous.Thesekindsofmetal_____hardtofind.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are29.Halfofthevisitors_____fromEurope.Halfofthefruit_____bad.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are30.Everymanworkerandeverywomanworker_____freemedicalcare.AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirl_____givenapresent.A.enjoy;isB.enjoy;areC.enjoys;isD.enjoys;are31.Manyaman______seenthewonderfulfilm.Manymen_____seenthewonderfulfilm.A.has;hasB.has;haveC.have;hasD.have;have32.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_____agoodhabit.Singinganddancing_____twoofthethingsthathelikesbest.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are33.Such______AlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievements.Such______herwords.A.were;wereB.was;wereC.were;wereD.was;was34.BesidesXiaoWang,WiaoMa_____willingtodothework.Thefactory,includingitsmachines_____burntlastnight.A.was;isB.were;isC.was;areD.were;are35.Ifanybody_____,askhimtowait._____thereanythingIcandoforyou?A.come;IsB.come;AreC.comes;AreD.

comes;Is36.Chinese_____notsodifficulttolearn.TheChinesepeople________braveandhardworking.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are37.Little_____donetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.Much_____donetoagainstfightpollution.A.hasbeen;havebeenB.have;hasC.hasbeen;has