詳細(xì)解析單獨(dú)提取1019英語(yǔ)一最2018年

SectionIUseof1、【答案】[B【解析】此處介詞的用法。it’sanecessarycondition manyworthwhilethings(信任是一個(gè)必要條件 許多重要事情)此處應(yīng)該是說(shuō)，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)必要條件。B選項(xiàng)for(對(duì)...來(lái)說(shuō))符合語(yǔ)義，故為正確答案;A選項(xiàng)from(來(lái)自于)，C選項(xiàng)like(像...)，D選項(xiàng)on(關(guān)于)語(yǔ)義不恰當(dāng)，故排除。2、【答案】[C【解析】此處詞義辨析和中心一致性原則。第一段首句提出句：trustisatrickybusiness(信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明：Ontheonehand,it’sanecessarycondition for manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.(一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說(shuō)信任的好處。Ontheotherhand,puttingyour inthewrongceoftencarriesahigh .(另一方面，把...放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋詞“trust”，只有C選項(xiàng)faith(信任、忠誠(chéng))與trust屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故正確答案為[C]faith。3、【答案】[B【解析】此處詞義辨析。第一段首句提出句：trustisatrickybusiness(信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明：Ontheonehand,it’sanecessaryconditionformanyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.任的好處。Ontheotherhand,puttingyour inthewrongceoftencarriesa .(另一方面，把...放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，并且根據(jù)空格所在句中的“wrongce”，本句應(yīng)該在說(shuō)信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥?，所以空格處?yīng)該填入一個(gè)負(fù)向感彩的詞，故A選項(xiàng)benefit和D選項(xiàng)hope排除，而C選項(xiàng)debt()帶入之后語(yǔ)義不當(dāng)，故正確答案為[B]price(代價(jià))。4、【答案】[D 我們?yōu)槭裁匆湃巍薄Ｖ挥蠨選項(xiàng)then(那么)填入后能形成順暢的語(yǔ)義和邏輯關(guān)系。故正確答案為Dthen(那么)。Aagain(再次)表示強(qiáng)調(diào);Binstead(但是、然而)表示轉(zhuǎn)折;Ctherefore(因此)表示結(jié)果，不符合要求，故排除。5、【答案】[A]When Awhen(當(dāng)..時(shí)候)填入后符合邏輯要求，故正確Awhen。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)Bunless(如果不)表?xiàng)l件，Calthough(盡管)表讓步，D選項(xiàng)until(直到...)表時(shí)間，帶入后均語(yǔ)義不通順，故排除。6、【答案】[C【解析】此處動(dòng)賓搭配問(wèn)題。上文：Whenpeoplecetheirtrustinan…theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormone.上文當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種，后面是定語(yǔ)從句，句內(nèi)的動(dòng)賓搭配，可推知這個(gè)能產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的情緒，并且與后面的trigger同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此C.produce正確。7、【答案】[Aherdinginstinctthatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromoteoneanother，andandflocktogether.因此選擇A.connect8、【答案】[B析，Swissscientistshavefoundthatexposuretothishormoneputsus….所以研究exposureto觸”的意思，因此選擇to。9、【答案】[Dpleasurablefeelingsexposuretothishormoneputsusinatrusting…，因此，根據(jù)上下文，試驗(yàn)中，處于這種環(huán)境中，會(huì)給人帶來(lái)情緒;語(yǔ)氣;心境;。因此選擇mood。10、【答案】[A]【解析】此處上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文，Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects另外一組受試者比較。故選擇A。counterparts.相對(duì)物，相對(duì)應(yīng)的人。11、【答案】[C【解析】此處上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說(shuō)明前文和后文情情感色彩。只能選擇lucky。A選項(xiàng)odd奇怪的是，B選項(xiàng)funny有趣的是，D選項(xiàng)ironic諷刺的是，皆不符合文意。12、【答案】[A]【解析】此處上下文的成分搭配。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說(shuō)明前文和后文情感是并列平行關(guān)系，前后情感應(yīng)該一致。所以此處只能選擇protect保護(hù)我們，符合文意。B選項(xiàng)delight使高興;C選項(xiàng)surprise使;D選項(xiàng)monitor皆不符合文意13、【答案】[D【解析】此處固定搭配。differentiatebetweenAandB.介詞between表示在B：“414、【答案】[C【解析】此處成分搭配。原文表達(dá)：Sixtytoddlerswereeach toanadulttesterholdingasticcontainer.只有C選項(xiàng)beintroducedtosth表示“初次認(rèn)識(shí)某事物”，符合文意。A選項(xiàng)added添加;B選項(xiàng)transferred轉(zhuǎn)移;D選項(xiàng)entrusted委15、【答案】[B【解析】此處介詞搭配及詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。原文表達(dá)：“What’sinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer……Eachsubjectwastheninvitedto .只有選擇B選項(xiàng)inside才能和前文所表達(dá)的inhere和lookinginto一脈相承。16、【答案】[D【解析】此處詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。根據(jù)原文Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty句肯定是再說(shuō)另半會(huì)怎么樣，兩個(gè)小分句的結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致Halfofthem=theotherhalf，found=16，atoy=thecontainerwasempty，所以16found的同義詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)的含義，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。17、【答案】[A]【解析】此處句間邏輯關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。—andrealizedthetesterhad17them，此句位于破折號(hào)后面，是對(duì)前面意思的解釋說(shuō)明。前面提到另一半人發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子testerthem語(yǔ)的意思決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的含義為戲弄，故Afooled為正確選項(xiàng)。18、【答案】[B【解析】此處搭配關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskilldemonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership.新技能的時(shí)候與測(cè)試者的合作是怎么樣的，demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership表明這些孩子信任他的，所以既然信任他們就是愿意與其合作，故選擇B.willing，與werewillingto構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為愿意。19、【答案】[DIn【解析】此處句間的邏輯關(guān)系。19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwith“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivityonly與上文的themajorityof形成鮮明的對(duì)比，19A，B，C表示舉例子，只有D示轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。20、【答案】[C【解析】此處詞義辨析。19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity30只有5個(gè)孩子與。。。樣的測(cè)試者能合作，所以結(jié)合上文提到的大部分孩子信任測(cè)試者，但是5/30屬于一小部分，大部分對(duì)應(yīng)的是信任，那么小比例的對(duì)應(yīng)的是不信任，所以tester的修飾詞應(yīng)該為C，unreliable不可靠的，不可信任的，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText21、【答案】DMiddle-class【解析】根據(jù)題干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“theannoyi-ngchallengefacingthemiddleclassisonethat...fortheirjobschallenge第二段的最后三句話，可以得知相對(duì)于低收入者和富人，中產(chǎn)受到的沖擊最大。22、【答案】CIssuesarisingfromautomationneedtobe【解析】根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段中的首句“thisisn’ttobealarmist”和末句“Butmiddle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting”，but作者的觀點(diǎn)，即中產(chǎn)工人需要很多幫助來(lái)調(diào)整應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，末句中”mayneedalotofhelp”Cneedtobetackled”，自動(dòng)化帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題需要被解決，得出C答案。23、【答案】Acreative【解析】根據(jù)題干中的可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculums—fromgr schooltocollege—shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication”。由該句可知，課程應(yīng)該更關(guān)注創(chuàng)造性和復(fù)雜的溝通而非事實(shí)。所以，應(yīng)該選C選項(xiàng)creativepotential(創(chuàng)造潛能)，同義替換為24、【答案】Dpreventing egapfrombecauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapital eand e,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought”。由該句可知，施)，即政策應(yīng)該避免收入差距擴(kuò)大，選D選項(xiàng)preventingthe egapfrom25、【答案】Bpossiblesolutionsto法，最后一段表明作者觀點(diǎn)。所以應(yīng)該選B選項(xiàng)possiblesolutionstoit(解決問(wèn)題的相Text26、【答案】[Dsocialmediaasareliablesourceof12一段中心句為最后一句話：MillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersources,nota’ssocialmediatform?！扒ъ弧５?段中心為第二句轉(zhuǎn)折之后，說(shuō)明對(duì)于社交的不信任上升。故雙段中心都和他們不信任社交相關(guān)。結(jié)合以上信息，得出社交信息不可靠，選擇D。27、【答案】[A]22Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialicyskills。句子的情感增強(qiáng)其素養(yǎng)的技能，故選A?！敬鸢浮緽verifynewsbyreferringtodiverse面的論點(diǎn)，故答案應(yīng)該位于第一句話“Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesare ingmoreskillfulatseperatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.”說(shuō)明答案應(yīng)該“和年輕人更容易把網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的事實(shí)和虛假信息區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)”，故答案為B“驗(yàn)證新聞的真?zhèn)巍?。為了精確可以在論據(jù)中去驗(yàn)證，論據(jù)中提到“verifystories”,“crosschecksources”和“prefernewsfromdifferents”，都是和多重角度驗(yàn)證【答案】Creaders【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第三句foundamainreasonthetopreason，而原文剩余信息為“readererror”,所以應(yīng)該和讀者相關(guān)。Error應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)misinterpretationCreaders’misinterpretation。若本句不清晰，下句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明答案的內(nèi)容，文中misintepretationorexerggerationofactualnews進(jìn)一步印證C為正確答案?！敬鸢浮緼ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNews【解析】全文主旨題。本篇文章屬于篇首轉(zhuǎn)折，二段轉(zhuǎn)折之后為全文主旨，yet道：“Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmediapeoplemaybestrartingtobeefuptheirmediali cyskills”.“隨著對(duì)于所有不信任的上升，人們開(kāi)始增強(qiáng)其素養(yǎng)的技能”，故答案為A。為了驗(yàn)證，可以看篇末，篇末重申，so之后講道“sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweeting,theyreavealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills-andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.”更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和人們性看待社交上的相關(guān)。Text31、【答案】[BItfailedtopaydueattentiontopatients【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS,DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“Itisagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyal hospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsin2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients’rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy”。根據(jù)avagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients’rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy這一部分的語(yǔ)義信息，說(shuō)明NHS與DeepMind之間的協(xié)議沒(méi)有充分考慮到的權(quán)利與隱私。這句話的言外之意就是協(xié)議未能充分關(guān)注的權(quán)利。故確定答案為選項(xiàng)B，其中failedto是tookfartoolittleaccount的同義改寫。32、【答案】[CnecessaryNHStrustDenham’sverdict二句“TheNHStrusthasmendeditswaysNHStrustDenham’sverdict已經(jīng)調(diào)整了其與DeepMind的協(xié)議內(nèi)容，故通過(guò)同義替換，可確定正確答案為C。33、【答案】[Dthevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingof【解析】推理題。根據(jù)題干，此題定位在第二段最后一句but之后的轉(zhuǎn)折句?！癇utthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbitsthatgivesdatavalue數(shù)據(jù)意義，而不是擁有數(shù)據(jù)。選項(xiàng)中的“processing”和原文中的“processing”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)中的“thevalueofdata”對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“datavalue”。因此，D34、【答案】[Dthemonopolyofbigdatabytech【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干此題定位在文中最后一段的第四句?！癢hatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublic行研發(fā)。而這正真正的擔(dān)憂所在。因此，選項(xiàng)Dthemonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的aprivatemonopoly。35、【答案】[B[BcautiousText36、【答案】[Bitsrigid【解析】根據(jù)題干判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。第一段的前三句都是有關(guān)USPS的具體數(shù)字，manyreasonsfundamentally本原因是，所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析這個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句，USPS處在squeezebetween1and2,中，1是technologicalchange,2是structure.2structure后定語(yǔ)從句：deniesmanagementflexibility對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B:rigidmanagement。A，budgetCtechnological,原文technologicalchange后的定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是：技術(shù)降低需求，并沒(méi)有提到cost成本問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D，thewithdrawalofbanksupport37、【答案】[A]theinterferencefrominterest【解析】根據(jù)題干dueto，判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干：USPSfailstomodernizeleaving找原因，前一句提到reformlegislationthisiswhythis指代就可以判斷選項(xiàng)。代詞往前推，根據(jù)這句主干interestgroupsexertspressureonCongress選擇選項(xiàng)A，interference對(duì)應(yīng)exertpressureon?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)分析】選項(xiàng)B，theinadequatefundingfromCongress,原文雖然有提到Congress國(guó)會(huì)，theaspectofstatusquogetprotected,國(guó)會(huì)保護(hù)USPS，并沒(méi)有提及inadequatefunding基金不足。選項(xiàng)C，theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice郵政需求縮減，文中沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)D,the petenceofpostalunions郵政工會(huì)的不作為。文章有提到工會(huì)，但是只提他們是屬于Interestgroups,并沒(méi)有提到無(wú)作為。38、【答案】[A]removingitsburdenofretireehealth【解析】因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)38題題干Thelong-standingcomintby 位到第3段，最后一句：“Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thus ”.再根據(jù)題干中“canbeaddressedby”即：通過(guò)哪種方式解決，此處為解題要點(diǎn)，通過(guò)哪種方式來(lái)解決，前后明顯為結(jié)果與途徑的關(guān)系，即可理解為因果關(guān)系。文章此句后半句正是題干，thus為答案Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare。與A.B.C.D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)匹配后，正確答案為Aremovingitsburdenofretireehealthcare。39、【答案】[C【解析】根據(jù)題干可以判斷本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題?；匚亩ㄎ坏阶詈笠欢巍ｎ}干“theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith”,具體定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第2句：“Theemerging.....isasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightened ”再根據(jù)題干，問(wèn)作者最終態(tài)度，本段最后一句，轉(zhuǎn)折句是作者最終的態(tài)度：“Itisnot,however,asignthatthey’regettingserious ”,即作者認(rèn)為他們并沒(méi)有認(rèn)真對(duì)待。所以此ABCDCdiscontent40、【答案】[DThePostalServiceNeedsmorethanaBand-【解析】根據(jù)題干特征詞“besttitle”，這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)前四道題問(wèn)的，第一USPS個(gè)解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)這個(gè)文章框架，首先A“USPS這只是提出問(wèn)題，相對(duì)片面;B選項(xiàng)“USPS：不要?jiǎng)游业哪汤摇?這是解決問(wèn)題的態(tài)選項(xiàng)方案的評(píng)價(jià)，在文章最后一段。這段最后結(jié)尾有Buthoweverit[指代前文講的方法]isnotasign……”，對(duì)此作者表示否定態(tài)度。所以D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。Part41ETheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOBcommandsEEEOB41CtheState,War，andNavyBuilding…，the可以作為另一一個(gè)線索，在E選項(xiàng)中最后一句，復(fù)現(xiàn)了theState,War，andNavyBuilding...。故41題答案選E。42、【答案】[GThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbefore【解析】C選項(xiàng)最后一句談到了manyhistoricevents(建筑內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)了歷史)，而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到了thehistoryoftheEEOB…(EEOB的歷史...)，意思一致，承上啟下，故42題答案選G。43、【答案】[A]InDecemberof1869CongressG后，根據(jù)GthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentBuilding(談到拆除theStateDepartmentBuilding),而A選項(xiàng)中談到了selectasiteandpreparensandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartment，建立一個(gè)新的StateDepartmentBuilding，前后意思順接，故43題答案選A。44、【答案】[BCompletedin1875,theStateDepartment’ssouthFasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing(該建筑逐翼展開(kāi)).而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)第一句談到了...southwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied(首先坐落在南翼)，然后在B選項(xiàng)最后一句又談到...movedintotheeastwingF段總起，再在B44題答案選B.45、【答案】[DManyofthemostcelebratednational【解析】B段結(jié)尾處談到了whereelaboratewall…decoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary(這些精美的墻....裝飾了處的)，而D段第一句提到了...thathavetakencewithintheEEOB’sgranitewalls(歷史在這些EEOB的墻上呈現(xiàn)),thewall原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，兩句話意思一致，故45題答案選D。SectionIIIBythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyand【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】andEuropewaswitnessingthepassing…andthecreationof…;ofthereligiousdrama為定語(yǔ)修飾thepassing;undertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy為狀語(yǔ)【重點(diǎn)詞匯】witnessreligious的drama戲劇incentive刺noboywhowenttoagr rschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofli turewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】主句主干：noboy…couldbeignorantthat…。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾boy，that引導(dǎo)為形容詞ignorant的賓語(yǔ)從句，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾aformof ture，gave…andmightbringhonor…為先行詞aformofli ture的并列謂語(yǔ) rschool文法學(xué)校ignorant忽視 ture文學(xué)glory榮Buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithli ryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】并列句主干分別為：…companiesprosperedanduniversitymenwerequick【重點(diǎn)詞匯】professionalprosperpermanenttheaterAnativeli rydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicyhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。and前的句子主干為一個(gè)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：a…dramahadbeencreated,with引導(dǎo)一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ);and語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：someofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun。【重點(diǎn)詞匯】alliance作為名詞意為“，聯(lián)合;聯(lián)姻”，常與介詞with進(jìn)行搭配使用。establishatleast配，表示“至少”。tradition作為名詞表示“傳統(tǒng)，慣例”。Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofyshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句部分為“wemustremember…”，主句之前的非torealizehowthatrememberwhose語(yǔ)從句，修飾authorofnote。【重點(diǎn)詞匯】realizedramaticdrama詞形式，意思為“戲劇的，引人注目的，激動(dòng)人心的”。survive;比…活得長(zhǎng)”。hostsof表示“大量的”。SectionIVDearI,onbehalfoftheStudents’Union,amwritingthislettertoinviteallofyoutoattendthegraduationceremony.TheceremonywillbeheldintheSportsHallofouruniversityonthisFridaymorning,from9a.m.to11a.m.Thedetailsabouttheceremonyareasfollows.Firstandforemost,thewillmakeaspeechforthegraduates,blessingthemtohaveabrightfuture.Inaddition,severalexpertswillbeinvitedtoissuingstoalltheItwouldbeagreathonorforustohavethe panyofallofyouinthegraduationceremony.Therefore,weallhopethatyoucanspareyourtimetoattenditandwearelookingforwardtoyourreplyto luswhetheryoucanatt