過去分詞講解及習題

過去分詞的用法講解過去分詞的用法在英語語法中很是普遍。那么，如何正確的使用過去分詞呢?我們來看看過去分詞的用法解析，只有了解了過去分詞的用法，才能正確的運用和使用它。一、基本概念1.分詞的定義動詞的-ed分詞即過去分詞，是由動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，一般只有一種形式。2.過去分詞的語法作用：過去分詞一方面具有動詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當于一個形容詞或副詞，在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和補足語。1)過去分詞作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。如：Don’ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。2)過去分詞做定語：單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，相當于一個定語從句。如：Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激動的人們奔進了大樓。Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我們需要更多合格的教師。過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當于一個定語從句。如：Isthereanythingplannedfortomorrow?明天有什么活動嗎?Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.外國專家提出來的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。如：Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.這些書是魯迅寫的，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.這次會議獲得很大的成功，共有一千個學生出席了。3)過去分詞做狀語：過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。①表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調(diào)時間概念。如：Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.從山頂上看，這個城市就像一個大花園。AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.入黨以后，他決定獻身于黨的事業(yè)。②表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。如：Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.激動的人們被那個故事深深地感動了，停止了爭吵。Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來從事斗爭。③表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.和你哥哥相比，你應該更加努力學習英語。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。④表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。如：Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強盜。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。⑤表方式或伴隨情況。如：Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。4)過去分詞作補足語：過去分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復合賓語，用作賓語補語。如：Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?你什么時候去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒?Whenyouaremakingaspeech,youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.當你在作報告時，你應該講響一點使自己被人聽清。當這類句子變成被動語態(tài)時，過去分詞用作主語補語。如：Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個杯子破了。Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.應該讓他們知道那兒的形勢。二、特別提醒1.過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。如：Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.當那個男孩被問到為何來這里時，他沉默不語。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。如果過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致，必須使用過去分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。2.動詞have后所接的三種賓語補語：havesomebody/somethingdosomething不定式作補語必須省去to,不定式動作由賓語發(fā)出，表示一次性的動作。如：Ihadtheworkersdothejobforme.我讓工人們替我完成了工作。Jimoftenhashisfatherhelphimwithhishomework.吉姆經(jīng)常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業(yè)。havesomebody/somethingdoingsomething-ing分詞作補語，分詞動作也由賓語發(fā)出，強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)或正在進行。如：Theyhadthetractorworkingallthetime.他們讓拖拉機一直工作著。Wewon’thavethechildtalkingtohismotherlikethat.我們不能讓那個孩子那樣對他的媽媽說話。havesomebody/somethingdone過去分詞作補語，賓語和補足語之間有邏輯上的被動關系，通常有兩種情況：①主語讓別人做某事，強調(diào)主語的意志。如：Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天理發(fā)了。26.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added27.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutcouldn’tmakehimself_____.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard28.Acookwillbefiredimmediatelyifheisfound_____inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smokedⅡ訓練二1.BecauseofmypoorEnglishI'mafraidIcan'tmakemyself________.A.understandB.tounderstandC.understandingD.understood2.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked3.What'sthelanguage________inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak4.________someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowedby5.Mostofthepeople________tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting6.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions________.A.beenturneddownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddownD.toturndown7.Doyouknowtheboy________underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying8.-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-I'dliketohavethispackage________,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed9.Therewasaterriblenoise________thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed10.________moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven11.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing12.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire________allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned13.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotake14.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage________thegirlandtookheraway,________intothewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing15.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen16.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating17.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,________.A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted18.The________boywaslastseen________neartheEastLake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay19.Thepatientwaswarned________oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating20.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,________.A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC.alakewasdiscoveredundergroundD.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlakeⅢ訓練三1.________in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding2.________time,he'llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given3.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited4.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelower