2022年安徽省宿州市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題一卷(含答案)

2022年安徽省宿州市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題一卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Bankingandconsultingfirmsaretwoleadingbusinesseswhichneedtorecruitmanyuniversitygraduates.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Insulatingandsealingupyourhousecansaveyou______.

3.

Followingitsfounder'slead,Hondahasalwaysbeenaleaderintechnology,especiallyintheareaof______.

4.(9)

5.

Germanornithologistsprovedthatbirdshavea______guidingtheirnavigatorybehavior.thoughsomebiologistsarguedthatitwasimpossibleforbirdstosensetheweakmagneticforceoftheEarth.

6.

Thereisanagingsignwhenfeelingsadfromtimetotime.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

China'seconomicopportunitiesandits______onthefuturecontributestopeople'sinterestinlearningChinese.

8.

InthesouthofChinathewaterissufficientforthemajorcrops.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.Theexampleofcrossingthestreetshowsthatthemiddleschoolboyis______.

10.

China'sentryintoWTOwillspeedupChina'smovingtowardsa______economy.

11.

JamesFreygetsamillion-dollarbookdealafterhe______.

12.

WhydomanyAmericansgoabroadforholiday?

A.Tolearnnewlanguage.

B.Toincreasetheirknowledge.

C.Toenjoybetterclimate.

D.Toseenewsightsandmakenewfriends.

13.

Competitionforgradesandotherpressuresaresupposedtotaketheresponsibilityof______.

14.

Accordingtotheauthor,achildwith______isanexceptionalchildbyitself.

15.

Donottrytomakethetaglinetrendy,becausesuchlinedareoften______.

16.

Inordertogathermuchmoredata,Wal-Martpreferred______tobarcodes.

17.

By______,bothMoravecandProfessorNewelltrytoplayGod.

18.

By______,manyMicrosoftworkersmanagedtogetquicker,easieraccesstodataandmaketheirhigh-techtoolslessdistracting.

19.

Thelargenewspaceprojectplannedatpresentisthe______.

20.

Menviewtalkasameansto______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：M:So,haveyoufinishedreviewingallthematerialsforourlawexam?

W:Justabout,butIstillhavetobrushuponafewfactsI'mnotsureof.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(13)

A.Shejustfinishedstudyingfortheexam.

B.Sheisnotcertainaboutwhatmaterialswillbecoveredontheexam.

C.Sheneedstopreparealittlemorefortheexam.

D.Sheiswillingtohelpthemanstudyfortheexam.

22.(36)

A.Theresidents.B.Thepassers.C.Thesoldiers.D.Thepolice.

23.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Inabout45years,temperaturesonEarthwillbehotterthanatanytimeduringthepastonemillionyears,saystheU.S.【B1】______topclimatologistinanewreport【B2】______today.

Accordingtothereport,publishedinthe【B3】______oftheNationalAcademyofSciences,theplanetisjusttwodegreesshyofan【B4】______temperatureof59degreesFahrenheit,whichiswhatthey【B5】______thetemperaturewasaboutamillionyearsago.

NASA'sJamesHansen,alongwith【B6】______fromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandColumbiaUniversity,areforthefirsttime,markinga【B7】______signalingtheapproachoftemperaturesthathumanshavenever【B8】______"HumansarenowincontroloftheEarth'sclimate,forbetterorworse,"Hansensays.

【B9】______.

Whatthattemperaturechangemeansisthatbymid-century,theworldwillexperienceevenmorerecordheatwaves,wildfires,moreintensestormsandflooding.Inotherpartsoftheworld,【B10】______.

Hansenstresseswecan'twaitthatlongtocutgreenhousegaspollution,becauseofthedecadesittakesfortheclimatesystemtorespondtochanges.【B11】______.

【B1】

24.

【B10】

25.(32)

A.Therearefewertourists.

B.Theentrancefeesarelower.

C.Theanimalsaremoreactive.

D.Therearefewerinsects.

26.

【B4】

27.(28)

A.Educatingstudents.

B.Changingthedangeroustrends.

C.Arrestingthosecriminals.

D.Punishingthosedrugusers.

28.(34)

A.Tostudywellaccountingandfinance.

B.Tobegoodatbusinessmanagement.

C.Totakeaphilosophycourse.

D.Tobeequippedwithtechnicalexpertise.

29.聽力原文：W:It'samiraclethatRobertcameoutoftheaircrashalive.

M:That'sindeedamiracle.Alltheotherpassengerswerekilled.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(14)

A.Robertsurvivedtheplanecrash.

B.Allthepassengerswerekilledintheplanecrash.

C.Robertwaskilledintheaircrash.

D.Robertisawonder-workingperson.

30.聽力原文：M:Didn'tyourhusbandcometoNewYorkwithyou?

W:Hewouldliketo.Buthecouldn'ttakeofftimetocome.HewenttoOrlandoonbusiness.

Q:Whatcanwelearnaboutherhusband?

(18)

A.Hedoesn'tlikeNewYork.

B.HelikesOrlandobetterthanNewYork.

C.Hewasabusinessman.

D.Heisverybusywithhiswork.

31.

【B2】

32.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Ahundredyearsagoitwasscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethe【B1】______.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbe【B2】______fromthewealthofthenation.Theopinions,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheir【B3】______,areoutdated.InallWestern【B4】______countries,asystemofinsurancehasbeenintroducedwhich【B5】______everyoneaminimumofsubsistence(生活維持費)incaseofunemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,eveniftheseconditionsarenot【B6】______,everyonehastherighttoreceivethemeansto【B7】______,inotherwords,hecanclaimthisminimumlife【B8】______withouthavingtohaveany"reason".【B9】______

Thismaysoundlikeafantasticproposal,butIthinkourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeopleahundredyearsago.【B10】______.Thisassumptionrestson.thefallacy(謬論)oftheinherenthazinessinhumannature.【B11】______.

【B1】

33.聽力原文：M:Thesepatients'situationisterriblyserious.Idohopedoctorscaneffectivelydealwiththeproblems.

W:Adoctorcan'tbetoocareful.Let'sprayforthebest.

Q:Whatdoesthewoman'sresponseimply?

(17)

A.Doctorsneedn'tbecarefulfortheirpatientsinserioussituations.

B.Thepatients'situationisnotseriousenoughfordoctorstobecareful.

C.Thebestsituationisthatdoctorscanprayforthepatients.

D.Themorecarefulthedoctorsare,thebetter.

34.

【B3】

35.【B1】

36.

【B9】

37.(26)

A.Hethinksflieswilltakeovertheearth.

B.Hethinkshumanwilldieoffquitesoon.

C.Hethinksmassdiseasecouldbethenextpathtoextinction.

D.Heseeshumanbeingsasdestructive.

38.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Manystudentstrytostudythewholenightanddonotsleepbeforeanexam.Twoseparatestudiesshowthismaydomoreharmthangood.Thestudiesfoundthatagoodnight'ssleepmayimprovememory.ThefindingsofbothstudiesappearedinthepublicationNature.

ScientistsattheUniversityofChicagodidoneofthem.Theytrainedstudentstolistentounclearspeechproducedbyamachine.Somestudentslistenedtotherecordingafteranightofsleep.Othersweretestedtwelvehoursafterthetraining,withnosleep.Guesswhat?Thestudentswhosleptunderstoodtherecordingbetter.

ProfessorDanielMargoliashsayssleephasatleasttwoeffectsonlearning.Oneistostrengthenmemoriesandprotectthemagainstinterference.Thesecondistorecovermemoriesthathavebeenlost.

TheotherstudytookplaceatHarvardMedicalSchoolinMassachusetts.Scientiststrainedone-hundredpeopletorepeattwoseriesoffingermovements.Theactwassimilartoplayingnotesonapiano.Peoplewhosleptbetweenlearningthefirstseriesandtheseconddidthebest.Thestudysuggestedthatmemoriesarerecordedinthreesteps.Scientistssaytheprocessissimilartothewayacomputerstoresinformation.Inhumans,theysay,thesecondsteprequiressleep.

(27)

A.Manystudentstrytostudythewholenightbeforeanexam.

B.Sleepmayimprovememory.

C.Examsmayharmmemory.

D.Sleepcanimprovelisteningability.

39.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：AlthoughBeethovencouldsitdownandcomposeeasily,hisreallygreatcompositionsdidnotcomeeasilyatall.Theycosthimagreatdealofhardworkandhealwaysfoundithardtosatisfyhimself.

Whenhewas28,hebegantonoticeastrangenoiseinhisears.Asitgrewworse,hewenttoseedoctors,andwastoldthathewasgoingdeaf.Thiswastoomuchforanycomposertohear.Beethovenwasindespair;hewassurethathewasgoingtodie.Hewenttothecountrysidewherehewrotealongfarewelllettertohisbrothers,describinghowsadandlonelyhisdeafnessmadehim.Helongedtodie,andsaidtodeath,"Comewhenyouwill,Ishallmeetyoubravely."

Infact,Beethovendidsomethingbraverthandying.Hegatheredhiscourageandwentonwritingmusic,thoughhecouldhearwhathewrotemoreandmorefaintly.Hewrotethemusicforwhichwerememberhimbestafterhebecamedeaf.Thismusicwasverydifferentfromanythathadbeencomposedbefore.Insteadoftheelegantandgrandmusicthatearliercomposershadwrittenfortheirwealthylisteners,Beethovenwrotestormy,excitingmusic,whichremindsusofhistroubledandcourageouslife.HisHeroicSymphonyandFifthSymphonybothshowhiscourageinstrugglingwithhisfate.

Intimehewentcompletelydeaf,buthewrotemoregloriouslythanever,forhecould"hear"hismusicinhismind.Hewaslonelyandoftenunhappy,butinspiteofthis,heoftenwrotejoyfulmusic,suchashislastsymphony,theNinth.Becauseofhiscourageandstrongwilltoovercome,hismusichasgivenjoyandinspirationtomillionsofpeople.

AlthoughBeethovencouldsitdownandcomposeeasily,hisreallygreatcompositionsdidnotcomeeasilyatall.Theycosthimagreatdealofhardworkandhealwaysfoundithardtosatisfyhimself.

Whenhewas28,hebegantonoticeastrangenoiseinhisears.Asitgrewworse,hewenttoseedoctors,andwastoldthathewasgoingdeaf.Thiswastoomuchforany【B1】______tobear.13eathovenwasin【B2】______;hewassurethathewasgoingtodie.Hewenttothecountrysidewherehewrotealong【B3】______lettertohisbrothers,【B4】______howsadandlonelyhisdeafnessmadehim.He【B5】______todie,andsaidtodeath,"Comewhenyouwill,Ishallmeetyoubravely."

Infact,Beethovendidsomethingbraverthandying.He【B6】______hiscourageandwentonwritingmusic,thoughhecouldhearwhathewrotemoreandmore【B7】______.Hewrotethemusicforwhichwerememberhimbestafterhebecamedeaf.Thismusicwasverydifferentfromanythathadbeencomposedbefore.Insteadofthe【B8】______andgrandmusicthatearliercom-posershadwrittenfortheirwealthylisteners,【B9】________________________________.HisHeroicSymphonyandFifthSymphonybothshowhiscourageinstrugglingwithhisfate.

【B10】________________________.Hewaslonelyandoftenunhappy,butinspiteofthis,heoftenwrotejoyfulmusic,suchashislastsymphony,theNinth.【B11】_______________________.

【B1】

40.

【B11】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Itmaybeinferredthatdiseasesofaffluencemostprobablyoccurin______.

42.

【C9】

43.

WhatistheopinionofLorenzoBiuiSmaghiaccordingtohisspeechlastmonth?

A.ItisnecessarytocutInterestratesbymore.

B.Hestronglyrecommendedthehyperactivemonetarypolicy.

C.Actingover-actively,thecentralbankwillleaveapessimisticsignal.

D.Theaggressiveinsuringactswillcertainlybehelpful.

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Whileitcan'tyetbesaidthateverymouthfuloffoodhasbeenchangedthroughgeneticengineering,itislikelythatalmosteveryAmericanhashadamouthfulofengineeredfood.

Takethesoybean,forexample.About55percentoflastyear'scropwasgeneticallyengineeredinsomefashion,reportstheAmericanSoybeanAssociation.AndthoughfewAmericanssitdowntoaplateofsoybeansfordinner,thesesoybeansarrivethroughthebackdoorasanadditivetoscoresoffoodslikecookingoils,saladdressings,coffeecreamers,beer,cerealsandcandy.

Americaisonthevergeofasecondgreenrevolution.Thefirsttripledworldfoodoutputoverthecourseofamerethreedecadesduringthelate20thcentury.Scientistsboostedcropyieldsbycrossbreeding(雜交)relatedplantsthatadddesirabletraits.Thenfarmersaddedfertilizer,pesticide,andirrigationinordertomakethehigh-yieldcropsthrive.

Nowthatthosegainsarelevelingoff,scientistsarelookingtobiotechnologytoincreasefoodproductionevenmore.Thistime,insteadofbreedingplantswiththeirclosestrelatives,scientistsareinsertinggenes.Forexample,genesfromflounderscanhelpordinaryplantsliketomatoesandstrawberriesfightthecold.Researchersarealsoinsertingbacterialgenesintocornandsoybeanplantstobetterprotectthemfrominsectsorrenderthemimmunetocertainherbicides(除草劑).

Thetechnologyhasenormouspotential.Theapplicationofbiotechnologyisgoingtoproduceasetofpossibilitiesthatwesimplycannotconceiveof,eveninourmostimaginativeflightsoffancy.Forfarmers,cropsengineeredwithgenesthatresistcold,drought,orotheradverseweatherconditionscanboostcropyieldswithlessmoneyandeffort.Forconsumers,thatcouldmeancheaperfood.Suchcropswouldalsohelpfeedandbetternourishpeopleindevelopingnations,suchasdrought-riddenAfrica.

Butasthesecropsbegininfiltrating(滲透)ourfoodsupply,environmentalandconsumergroupshavebeguntoquestionwhetherpotentialriskstotheenvironmentandhumanhealthhavebeenadequatelystudied.Lastyear,forexample,biologistsforthefirsttimefoundevidencesuggestingthatplantinggeneticallymodifiedcominopenfieldsmaykillbutterflieswhofeedonthecorn'spollen.Scientistsarealsoquestioningwhetherfoodswithageneinsertedtoimproveoneareaoftheirperformancecouldprovedetrimentalinanother:Foronething,thegenesmightcauseallergicreactionsinpeoplewhoneverhadareactiontothatfoodbefore.

Theexampleofthesoybeantheauthortakesistoprovethat______.

A.Americansarefondofsoybeans

B.Everymouthfulofsoybeanhasbeenchangedbygeneticengineering

C.Americaisonthevergeofasecondgreenrevolution

D.Soybeanistreatedasanadditivetoscoresoffoods

45.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Successfulbusinesstendstocontinueimplementingtheideasthatmadethemsuccessful.Butinarapidlychangingworld,ideasoftenbecomeoutdatedovernight.Whatworkedinthepastwon'tnecessarilyworkinthefuture.Inordertothriveinthefuture,youmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.Infact,youmustcontinuallygeneratenewideasjusttokeepyourheadabovewater.Businessesthatarenotcreativeabouttheirfuturemaynotsurvive.

AlthoughBillGatesisthemostsuccessfulmanontheplanet,hedidnotanticipatetheInternet.Nowheisscramblingtocatchup.IfBillGatescanmissamajoraspectofhisindustry,itcanhappentoyouinyourindustry.Yourbusinessneedstocontinuallyinnovateandcreateitsfuture.GatesnowisconstantlyworriedaboutthefutureofMicrosoft.Here'swhathesaidinarecentinterviewintheUSNewsWorldReport:"Willwebereplacedtomorrow?No.Inaveryshorttimeframe,Microsoftisanincrediblystrongcompany.Butwhenyoulooktothetwotothreeyeartimeframe,Idon'tthinkanyonecansaywithastraightfacethatanytechnologycompanyhasaguaranteedposition.NotIntel,notMicrosoft,notCompaq,notDell,takeanyofyourfavorites.Andthat'stotallyhonest."

Yetmanyrememberthatin1985theCabbagePatchKidswerethebest-sellingtoysonthemarket.ButafterColecoIndustriesintroducedtheirsensationallineofdollstheybecamecomplacentanddidn'tcreateanynewtoysworthmentioning.Asaresult,Colecowentbankruptin1988.

Themostsuccessfulbusinessessurviveinthelongtermbecausetheyconstantlyreassesstheirsituationsandreinvestthemselvesaccordingly.The3MCompanyhasa15%rule:Employeesareencouragedtospend15%oftheirtimedevelopingnewideasonanyprojecttheydesire,it'snosurprise,then,that3Mhasbeenaroundsince1902.

Mostbusinessesarenotwillingtotearapartlastyear'smodelofsuccessandbuildanewone.Here'safamiliaranalogytoexplainwhytheyarelulledintocomplacency.Imaginethatyourbusinessislikeapotoflobster.Tocooklobster,youputthemintoapotofwarmwaterandgraduallyturnuptheheat.Thelobstersdon'trealizetheyarebeingcookedbecausetheprocessissogradual.Asaresult,theybecomecomplacentanddiewithoutastruggle.However,ifyouthrowalobsterintothepotwhenthewaterisboiling,itwilldesperatelytrytoescape.Thislobsterisnotlulledbyalowlychangingenvironment.Itrealizesinstantlythatit'sinabadenvironmentandtakesimmediateactiontochangeitsstatus.

Thepassageconveysthemessagethatthewayforacompanytokeepoutoffinancialdifficultyisto______.

46.

Accordingtoparagraph5,toshareaccesstotheinternetis______forpeopleinacompany.

47.

【C6】

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Researchershaverecentlyfoundaconnectionbetweendiseasesandstressfulsituations.Totestthistheory,psychologistsaretryingtofindalinkbetweenthebrainandtheimmunesystem.

Ourbodiesarelikelytogetvariousdiseasesanditdependsonhowwellourimmunesystemworks.Biologistsusedtothinkthattheimmunesystemwasaseparate,independentpartofourbodies.Recently,however,theyhavefoundthatourbraincanaffectourimmunesystem.Thisdiscoveryindicatesthattheremaybeaconnectionbetweenemotionalfactors,suchasstressordepression,andillness.

Althoughmanydoctorsinthepastsuspectedaconnectionbetweenemotionalfactoranddisease,theyhadnoproof.Scientistshaveonlyrecentlydiscoveredhowthebrainandtheimmunesystemfunction.Beforethis,noonecouldseealinkbetweenthem.Asaresult,medicalscienceneverseriouslyconsideredtheideathatpsychologicalfactorscouldcausedisease.

Severalrecentstudiesshowedaconnectionbetweenstressandillness.Forexample,researcherswenttoanAmericanmilitaryschooltostudythestudents.Theyfoundthatthesickstudentstherehadalotofacademicpressureandwantedtoachieve,buttheywerenotverygoodstudents.Inasimilarstudy,researchersstudiedagroupofstudentnursesandfoundthatthenurseswhodevelopedcoldsoresweretheoneswhodescribedthemselvesasgenerallyunhappypeople.

Inadditiontotheseresults,whichsupporttheirtheory,researchersarealsolookingforproofthatstresscandamagetheimmunesystem.Researchersstudiedrecentlybereavedpeople,i.e.,peoplewhoselovedoneshavejustdied,becausetheyaremorelikelytobecomeillordie.Byexaminingtheimmunesystemofrecentlybereavedpeople,theresearchersmadeanimportantdiscovery.Theyexaminedsomewhitebloodcellswhichareanimportantpartoftheimmunesystem.Theywerenotfunctioningproperly.Thefactthattheywerenotworkingcorrectindicatesthatseverepsychologicalstress,suchasalovedone'sdeath,maydamageanimportantpartofourimmunesystem.

Thereisstillnopositiveproofofaconnectionbetweentheimmunesystemandpsychologicalfactors.Researchersalsosaythattheresultsofthestudiesonbereavedpeoplecouldhaveadifferentexplanation.Forexample,bereavedpeopleoftensleepandeatlessthannormal,ormaydrinkalcoholortakemedication.Thesefactorscanalsoaffecttheimmunesystem.Moreresearchisneededtoclearlyestablishtheconnectionbetweentheimmunesystemandpsychologicalfactors.

Thestudyonthemilitaryschoolstudentsindicatedthat______.

A.lifeintheschoolwasverystressful

B.diseasecouldbecausedbypsychologicalfactors

C.thegoodstudentswerelikelytofallill

D.stressoftenmadestudentsunhappy

49.

Theunderlinedword"parochialism"inthethirdparagraphcanbestbereplacedby______.

A.open-mindednessB.provincialismC.colonialismD.optimism

50.

Thechildren'helastparagraph______.

A.canbebestexplainedbybehaviorism

B.canbelinkedtoPavlov'sdogs

C.showsthatrewardsmaywellkilldesire

D.servestoprovideevidencetobehaviorism

51.

Comparedwiththecrow,GenusEumenusseemstodisplaythenumbersense______ratherthanconsciously.

52.(59)

53.

AccordingtoBrendanBarber,what'stheinfluenceofflexibleworkinghoursoncompanies?

A.Itwillmakethingsworse,especiallyduringrecession.

B.Itwillsolvethecompanies'problemsduringrecession.

C.Itwillmakeemployeesmoreefficientatwork.

D.Itwillmakeeverybodyfeelmorecomfortable.

54.

ThemosteffectivewaytoinfluencetheinformationchildrenretainfromwatchingTVis______.

A.criticizingbadprograms

B.recommendinggoodprograms

C.choosingprogramsforchildren

D.properintervention

55.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Migrationisusuallydefinedas"permanentorsemi-permanentchangeofresidence."Thisbroaddefinition,ofcourse,wouldincludeamoveacrossthestreetoracrossacity.Ourconcerniswithmovementbetweennations,notwithinternalmigrationwithinnations,althoughsuchmovementsoftenexceedinternationalmovementsinvolume.Today,themotivesofpeoplewhomoveshortdistancesareverysimilartothoseofinternalionalmigrants.

Studentsofhumanmigrationspeakof"push"and"pull"factors,whichinfluenceanindividual'sdecisiontomovefromoneplacetoanother.Pushfactorsareassociatedwiththeplaceoforigin.Apushfactorcanbeassimpleandmildamatterasdifficultyinfindingasuitablejob,orastraumatic(創(chuàng)傷的)aswar,orseverefamine(饑荒).Obviously,refugeeswholeavetheirhomeswithgunspointedattheirheadsaremotivatedalmostentirelybypushfactors(althoughpullfactorsdoinfluencetheirchoiceofdestination).

Pullfactorsarethoseassociatedwiththeplaceofdestination.Mostoftentheseareeconomic,suchasbetterjobopportunitiesortheavailabilityofgoodlandtofarm.ThelatterwasanimportantfactorinattractingsettlerstotheUnitedStatesduringthe19thcentury.Ingeneral,pullfactorsadduptoanapparentlybetterchancebetweenseveralattractivepotentialdestinations.Thedecidingfactormightbeanon-economicconsiderationsuchasthepresenceofrelatives,friends,oratleastfellowcountrymenalreadyestablishedinthenewplacewhoarewillingtohelpthenewcomerssettlein.Considerationsofthissortleadtothedevelopmentofmigrationflow.

Besidespushandpullfactors,therearewhatthesociologistscall"interveningobstacles".Evenifpushand/orpullfactorsareverystrongtheystillmaybeoutweighedbyinterveningobstacles,suchasthedistanceofthemove,thetroubleandcostofmoving,thedifficultyofenteringthenewcountry,andtheproblemslikelytobeencounteredonarrival.

Thedecisiontomoveisalsoinfluencedby"personalfactors"ofthepotentialmigrant.Thesamepush-pullfactorsandobstaclesoperatedifferentlyondifferentpeople,sometimesbecausetheyareatdifferentstagesoftheirlives,orjustbecauseoftheirvaryingabilitiesandpersonalities.Theprospectofpackingupeverythingandmovingtoanewandperhapsverystrangeenvironmentmayappearinterestingandchallengingtoanunmarriedyoungmanandappallingly(令人毛骨悚然的)difficulttoaslightlyoldermanwithawifeandsmallkids.Similarly,theneedtolearnanewlanguageandcustomsmayexciteonepersonandfrightenanother.

Internationalmigrationdiffersfrominternalmovementindistanceandvolume,butsharethesimilar______.

56.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

CordiaHarringtonwastiredofstandingupalldayandsmellinglikeFrenchfriesatnight.ShealsoownedandoperatedthreeMcDonald'sfranchises(特許經(jīng)銷商)inIllinois,butasadivorcedmotherofthre