(完整版)北師大版高一英語必修三Unit7Thesea定語從句同步導(dǎo)學(xué)案

高一英語必修三Unit7Thesea定語從句（基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)部分）同步導(dǎo)學(xué)案編寫時(shí)間：2014-02-班級(jí)：_________姓名：___________________Learningaims:1.關(guān)系代詞which/that/who/whom/whose/as引導(dǎo)的定語從句用法2.關(guān)系副詞where/when/why引導(dǎo)的定語從句用法3.介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句定語從句基本概念含義：擔(dān)任定語功能的句子稱為定語從句，定語從句在句子中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故又稱為形容詞性從句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。關(guān)系詞定義：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞被稱為關(guān)系詞分類：根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的功能可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語常用的關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,that,which,as常用的關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞有三個(gè)作用：(1)代替先行詞即替代作用；（2）連接先行詞與定語從句即連詞功能（3）在定語從句中做句子成分，即成份功能；Thisisanoldcomputer。itworksmuchslower這是一臺(tái)老式電腦。它工作起來速度較慢Thisisanoldcomputerwhich∕thatworksmuchslower這是一臺(tái)工作速度較慢的老電腦。普通代詞只起替代作用，如在上例中it替代anoldcomputer,而關(guān)系代詞除可以替代anoldcomputer外，還可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系代詞的具體用法1.who/whom的用法二者都指人。Who在定語從句中作主語、賓語Whom在定語從句中作賓語，可以省略，有時(shí)who可以代替whomWho不用于介詞后例：Ihaveafriendwholikesclassicalmusic.（作主語）IwenttothemovieswithMary,whoIthinkyouoncemet.（作賓語，不用于介詞后）Theboy(whom)youmetinthestreetismybrother.（作賓語，可省略）ThepersonwithwhomItalkedwasmyteacher.（前面有介詞with，因此不能用who）2.whose的用法一般指人，有時(shí)也指物，作定語指物時(shí)“whose+n.=n.+ofwhich”指人時(shí)“whose+n.=n.+ofwhom”例：You'retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.（作advice的定語）Do

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?

Do

you

like

the

book

the

cover

of

which

is

yellow?

DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq?Doyouknowthegirl,thefatherofwhomdiedinIraq?3.which的用法（1）一般指物（2）作主語、賓語，偶爾作定語（3）在非限定性從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略（4）which在指人時(shí)，往往指嬰兒或人的品質(zhì)，或先行詞是指人的集體名詞，把它看做一個(gè)單數(shù)整體例：Thesweaterwhichisinthedrawerisoutoffashion.（作主語）Thatistheparcelwhichwassentthismorning.（作賓語，不可省略）Isthisthedictionary(which)youarelookingfor?（作賓語，可省略）Theaudience,whichwasmostenthusiastic,applaudedthesoloist.（集體名詞，單數(shù)）Whereisthebabywhichneedsinjection?（指嬰兒）Heishardlythemanwhichwethoughthimtobe.（指品質(zhì)）4.that的用法（1）指人或物可作主語、賓語或表語作賓語或表語時(shí)可以省略作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞不能提到that之前，否則應(yīng)用which或whom代替例：Themanthatcamehereyesterdayisafriendofmine.（指人，作主語）Theman(that)youmetjustnowishisuncle.（指人，作賓語，可省略）Didyouseetheletter(that)Iputonthetable?（指物，作賓語，可省略）TheplanethathastakenoffisforPairs.（指物，作主語）Thecitythatshelivesinisverybig.（作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞在后面）5.as的用法（1）既可指人也可指物，還可指整個(gè)句子（2）在句子中可作主語、賓語、表語，指整個(gè)句子時(shí)可以位于句首、句中或句尾（3）as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常用省略形式（4）常出現(xiàn)于固定形式中：thesame...as...，such...as...，...as...as...例：Let'smeetatthesameplaceaswedidyesterday.（as與thesame連用）Shakespeareisafamouswriter,aseverybodyknows.（as代替整個(gè)從句，作knows的賓語，位于句尾）Aseverybodyknows,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.（位于句首）Shakespeare,aseverybodyknows,isafamouswriter.（位于句中）6.which和that的區(qū)別用that不用which先行詞為all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾ThisisthemostexcitingreportthatIhaveeverread.先行詞前有first,last,next,only,very,all,any等詞修飾Thefirststep(that)wearetotakeisverydifficult.先行詞同時(shí)含有“人”和“非人”時(shí)，用that不用which，也不用who/whomHetalkedaboutthepeopleandthebooksthatinterestedhim.用which不用that1）非限制性定語從句中，充當(dāng)主語或定語Theyhavethreehouses,whicharebuiltofstone.

Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemsad2）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.Westudyintheclassroomofwhichthedoorsfacesouth.3）先行詞本身是that時(shí)What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?4）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時(shí)HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

I'veboughtyousomebookswhichIthinkmayinterestyou.7.as和which的用法1）

as

和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如：

He

married

her,

as

/

which

was

natural.

他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。

He

is

honest,

as

/

which

we

can

see.

他很誠實(shí)，

這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來。

2）

as

引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。

which

引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as

常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如：

As

is

known

to

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.

眾所周知，中國是發(fā)展中國家。

He

is

from

the

south,

as

we

can

know

from

his

accent.

他是南方人，這一點(diǎn)我們從他的口音可以知道。

John,

as

you

know,

is

a

famous

writer.

正如你所知，

約翰是個(gè)著名作家。

Zhang

Hua

has

been

to

Paris

more

than

ten

times,

which

I

don’t

believe.

張華已去過巴黎十多次了，這一點(diǎn)我不相信。

3）當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：

Tom

was

late

for

school

again

and

again,

which

made

his

teacher

very

angry.

湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。

These

tables

are

made

of

metal,

which

made

them

very

heavy.

這些桌子是金屬的，這使得這些桌子很重。

4）在作主語時(shí)，which既可作系動(dòng)詞be的主語，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語，而as只能作動(dòng)詞be的主語Hemarriedagain,which/aswasnatural.Heisthebeststudentinourclass,whichmakeshisparentsveryhappy.5)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常出現(xiàn)下列短語AswecanseeAsweexpectedAsiswellknownAsmaybeimagined（正如可以想象的那樣）AsoftenhappensAshasbeenalreadypointedout（正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣）關(guān)系副詞的具體用法關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句在定語從句中，關(guān)系副詞主要有3個(gè)：when,where和why.1）when在定語從句中表時(shí)間，作狀語，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間的名詞，如：time,day,season,age,occasion等。Ican’tforgetthenightwhenIcametothefarm.翻譯：__________________________________________________2)where在定語從句中表示地點(diǎn)，作狀語，其先行詞通常是place,city,town,factory,table,village,house等表示地點(diǎn)的名詞situation,case,condition,point等表示抽象意義的名詞。Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.翻譯：____________________________________________________Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.翻譯：____________________________________________________3)why在定語從句中表示原因，作狀語，先行詞一般是reason.ThatisthereasonwhyIdidso.翻譯：___________________________Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.翻譯：_____________________________________________________【注意】1)并非先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞就用when,where或why;若定語從句中不缺狀語而缺主語或賓語則須用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。I’llneverforgetthedays______weworkedtogether.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.Doyouknowthereason______hefailedintheexamthistime?Thereason_____hegavemewasreasonable.2)when,where,why,引導(dǎo)的定語從句可用“介詞+which”來替換。其介詞可根據(jù)先行詞和定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞來判斷。when相當(dāng)于at/in/on/during等+which.ThedateonwhichhejoinedthePartywasJuly1，1984.翻譯：where相當(dāng)于at/in/on/等+whichThehouseinwhichhelivedisalibrarynow.翻譯：why相當(dāng)于for+which.Isthatthereasonforwhichhewasabsentfromclass?翻譯：2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which,whom）引導(dǎo)的定語從句1)介詞+which在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因狀語，相當(dāng)于when,where,why.(上邊已經(jīng)講述)2)介詞+which/whom,關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語，這是我們學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的重點(diǎn)，也是高考的常考點(diǎn)。which指物，whom指人。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇非常關(guān)鍵,可根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞來選擇介詞。也可根據(jù)從句的相關(guān)動(dòng)詞來選用。ThisistheprofessorfromwhomIhavelearntalot.翻譯：HaveyouseethepenwithwhichIwritemyhomework.翻譯：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.翻譯：【注意】在日常英語中通常把介詞放在從句的句末，省略關(guān)系詞which/whomThisistheprofessor(whom/that)Ihavelearnedalotfrom.Thisisthecamera(which/that)heoftentakesphotoswith.【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】1）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞的選取必須遵循“一先；二動(dòng)；三意義”的原則。即：a.根據(jù)先行詞的搭配而定；b.根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配而定；c.根據(jù)整句話的意義而定。2)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞的選擇應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)問題：a.有的介詞時(shí)定語從句中詞組的固定搭配拆開的結(jié)果，用什么介詞由從句的動(dòng)詞決定。Heistheboywho/whomIwastalkingto.=HeistheboytowhomIwastalking.翻譯：b.有的介詞是根據(jù)句意添加上去的，即用什么介詞由先行詞決定。Heemployed30men,ofwhom12werefromhishometown.翻譯：c.定語從句中的詞組若是十分密切的固定搭配，一般不拆開。Thebabywho/whommysistertakescareofisverylovely.翻譯：【誤區(qū)警示】：當(dāng)定語從句的動(dòng)詞和介詞是不可分割的固定搭配時(shí)，介詞不能放到關(guān)系介詞之前。當(dāng)堂檢測1.—We’lltaketheconditionsintocarefulconsiderationyouhaveattachedtothiscontract.—Thanks.Hopeforfurthercooperation. A．a(chǎn)s B．which C．where D.what2.Doyourememberacertainoccasion______youwereintroubleandatthatmomentIgaveyouahand.A.where B.which C.why D.when3.Therearemoments_______werememberourchildhooddayswithfondness,embarrassment,regretormixedfeelings.A.when B.that C.which D.Where4.Leavehimanoteatthereceptiondesk,hewilllearnhowtofindyou.A.whichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.onwhich5.-----Howaboutyourjob-hunting？-----Noluck．Now，I’vereachedthestage________Idon’tcarewhatIdo．A.whichB．whereC．whenD.that6.MoreteensaresmokinginBeijing,______thenumberofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentspickingupthehabithasmorethandoubledfrompreviousyears.A.which B.when C.where D.that7.Icanthinkofmanycases________themediahaveastrongeffectonyoungmen.A.why B.where C.as D.which8.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer___sheneededtodecidewhattodoA.that B.whatC.which D.where9.Judgingfromhisface_______therewasaconfidentsmile,weknewthathedidn’tloseheart.A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.bywhichD.onwhich10.Lisa,Iguesswe’dbetterfixanavigational（導(dǎo)航儀）tothecar_____wecanfindourwayeasily.A.whichB.thatC.fromwhichD.withwhich11.InEnglishclass,ourteacheroftencreatesanenvironment______wearegiventheopportunitytosolveproblemsourselves.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that12.Aturningpointforthecontinuouslyhighhousingpricewon’tappearsuddenlybecausetheremustbeacertainprocess______manyfactorsleadtothechange.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that13.Wehavespottedthelocation,______wethoughtisthesiteofEmperorQinShihuang.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where14.---Whendidtheyoungmansaveyou?----January1st,2000,thefirstdayofthenewcentury,_______Icanneverforget.A.whenBwhichC.thatD.where15.I'vereadallthebooks_______yougaveme.

A.whichB.themC.whatD.that16.Thereisn'tmuch_______Icando.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how17.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces_______aredifferentfromours.

A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom18.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone_____Ihavewatchedthisyear.

A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that19.LastSundaytheyreachedQingdao,_______aconferencewastobeheld.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where20.Isthisthemuseum_______youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone21.IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear_______NewChinawasfounded.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.where22.Thereisnodifficulty_______can'tbeovercomeintheworld.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what23.Whoistheperson_______isstandingatthegateofBeijing書面表達(dá)范例背誦2014-02-21.假設(shè)你是李華，你在報(bào)上看到北京電視臺(tái)今年七月將舉辦外國人“學(xué)中文，唱中文歌”才藝大賽。你的美國朋友Peter正在北京一所大學(xué)學(xué)中文，你覺得他應(yīng)去試一試。請按以下要點(diǎn)給他寫信告知此事，并表示可以提供幫助。

比賽時(shí)間：7月18日。報(bào)名時(shí)間：截止到6月30日。報(bào)名地點(diǎn)：北京電視臺(tái)

注意：1.詞數(shù)：100左右2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫3.參考詞匯：才藝大賽-talentshowDearPeter,

Ireadinanewspapertodaythata“LearnChinese,SingChineseSongs”Foreigners’TalentShowwillbeheldinBeijingTelevisionStationonJuly18.Iknowyoulikesinging,andyouareinBeijingduringthatperiod.Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.Ifyouwouldliketotry,you'llhavetogototheTVstationtosignupbeforetheendofJune.IfthereisanythingIcandoforyou,Iwouldbemorethangladtohelp.Yours,

LiHua2.假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，你和在上海上學(xué)的英國朋友Tom約好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴約。請根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)用英語給他寫一封電子郵件：1.表示歉意；2.解釋原因；3.另約時(shí)間。注意：1.詞數(shù)120~150；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)?！緟⒖挤段摹緿earTom,IamindeedverysorrythatIcan’tgotoBeijingwithyounextweek,whichIhavepromised.Ifeelsorryforaboutitandwantyoutoknowwhathappened.Justnow,mycousin,LiQiong,wholefthometoAustraliaforhisfurtherstudylastyear,informedmethathewouldreturnthisSaturdaymorningandaskedmetopickhimupattheairportwithhisfamily.Youknow,wehaven’tseeneachotherfornearlyayear.Isincerelyhopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandme.Iwouldappreciateyourallowingmetomakeanotherdate