2018年10月托福聽力預(yù)測2答案

【答案】BCCAlistentoaconversationbetweenastudentandhernativeAmericanhistoryS:Hi,professorP:Oh oLisaIwasjustgradingtheclassexam.S:Ourexam,really,didyougrademineyet?P:Ididactually,greatjobyoudidverywell,youappeartohaveagoodstronggraspofthematerial,areyouthinkingofmajoringinhistoryS:I'manarthistorymajoractuallybutI'mtakingquiteafewhistoryclassesthissemesterandtruthfullythisoneismyfavoriteI'vealwayslovedAmericanP:IamgladtohearS:Yeah,it'sinterestingstuff,【1andnowI'mfocusingonthefinalprojectforyourclassandIwantedtorunitbyyoubecause,wellreallywhatIwanttowriteaboutissomethingkindofwell,differentIguessP:HowS:WellIjustgotbackfromWashingtonDC【2】whereIsawaDaleChihulyexhibits,DaleChihulyisaglass .Wellthatthatwasfantastic.P:IloveDale,soyou'refamiliarwithDaleChihuly.I'veneverlearnedP:Absoluy,ofcoursehisuseofnativeAmericandesignfascinatesme,thewayheincorporatesitinblownglasssculptureincredible.S:Iespeciallylikehisglasscylindersyouknow,heactuallywroteglassontoglasscylinderindrawingpatternsinspiredbyNavajoandtradeblanketdesign.P:TheNavajoblanketscylindersexactlyheturnedtwodimensionalartsintothreedimensionsS:Yeah,theguytheexhibitthatwhomhedescribedhispiecesbysayingthecylindersarewearingthedrawingsjustlikethenativeAmericanpeopleworetheblankets,【3】I'msointohisworkrightnowthatwhatI'dliketodoiswellkindofanarrativedescriptionofhisblanketcylindertoexinthenativeAmericanP:Ok,there'ssomepotentialthere,umareyoufamiliarwithhisbasketseries,S:ahyeahIthinkIsawsome,thetheglassbasketP:Yeah,youknowbutsomeofChihuly’sglassbasketswerebasedonthebasketsmadebythenativeAmericansoftheS:Oh,somaybeIshouldconsiderdiscussingthebasketkeyP:Ofcoursethey'rebothexcellentexamplesofChihuly’sinterestinnativeAmericanartbutwellthisisahistoryclassandwellrememberinclasswediscussedtheconceptoftransculturation.S:Anduh,【4】yeahtransculturationisthetermthatexinswhatwhentwohistoricallyseperatedgroupsofpeoplecometogetherandsharethethinginspaceP:That'sright,specificallythemergingofthetwocultureswhetherthatbeanart,music,politicalviews,socialtraditionsS:Ohokay,ChihulyisnotnativeAmericanbuthe'screatingsomethingthatmaybearesultofsharinghisspace,maybeIcouldexplorehisartinthecontextofP:Thatsoundsmorelikeit,focusontheconceptwediscussedinclass,Ithat’s.WhydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessorTofindouttheresultsofanexamTodiscussan ingassignmentTotalkabout ingclassToaskforclarificationaboutaconceptdiscussedinB.Whatinspiredthestudent'sinterestinthe DaleChihuly AtalkChihulyrecentlygaveattheuniversityAnarthistoryclassthestudentisAnartexhibitthestudentAprojectthestudentdidtheyear.Accordingtothestudent,whatdoesChihulysayabouttheglasscylindershe TheyareverysimilartohisglassTheyarepopularamongNativeAmericanTheyareintendedasanarrativeoftheNativeAmericanexperience.Theyareintendedtorepresentpeoplewearingblankets..Whydoestheprofessormentionmusic,politicalviews,andsocialtraditionsATopointoutaspectsoflifethatcanbeinfluencedbytransculturationTopointoutaspectsoflifethatarefrequentlyrepresentedinworksofToidentifytopicsthathewillbediscussinginclassToexinhowChihulyfoundinspirationforhisart.WhydoestheprofessorsayToexpresssurprisethatthestudentchosetowriteaboutChihulyToremindthestudentwhatthefocusofthepapershouldbeTosignaltheendoftheToindicatethatthestudentshoulddiscussonlyoneexampleofChihuly's【答案】CDAACListentopartofalectureinageologyOk,sowe'vebeentalkingabouttheeffectstheAmazonRain hasonotherpartsoftheworld,buttodayIwanttotalkaboutacethathasanimportanteffectontheAmazon,eventhoughitsthousandsof awayinAfrica.It'sageographicregioncalledtheBodeledepression【2TheBodeledepressionisintheeasternpartoftheSaharaDesertinnorthernChad,andislocatedbetweentwomountainranges.AsthewindblowsthroughthenarrowpathbetweenthemountainrangesitcreatesawindtunnelwhichcausesagreatamountofdusttobeproducedintheBodele.It'sactuallythedustiestceonearth.Therearemassivedustcloudsinthewholeareathatifyouwerestandingthere,yougetcoveredinalightpowderydust.Andweknowfromsalitephotographsthattheareaisactiveyear-aroundandmostactiveinthewintermonth,whichisalittleunusualfortheSahara.ButbacktotheAmazonconnection,thedustproducedintheBodeleisamajorsourceofmineralsfortheAmazonRain .DuringthewintermonthsintheSahara,thedustontheBodeledepressioniscarriedbytradewindsacrosstheAtlantictotheAmazon.Infact,recently,4】It'sbeenshownthatoverhalfofthemineralsthatfertilizetherain comefromBodeledustthatblowsovertotheAmazoninthewinter.Now,uh,theeffectontheAmazonissurprising,becausetheBodeledepressionisquitesmallinareacomparedtotheAmazon,andtheBodeleisonlyasmallpartoftheSahara.Well,we'veknownforawhilethatthisareaisanimportantdustproducer.【3】Theinformationfromsalitephotographyprovidedsomeindicationoftherelativedustinessoftheareaduringdifferentmonthsoftheyear.ButamoreaccurateestimateofhowmuchdusttheBodeledepressionproduces,andespeciallyhowitproduces,couldonlybeobtainedbycollectingdataontheground,whichisquiteachallengebecauseoftheareas’extremeheatandfrequentduststorms.Butin2004,somescientistsdidgoandcollectdata.Whatdotheyfind?Well,theyalreadyknewthatthegroundattheBodelewasmadenotofsandlikeyoumightexpectinthedesert,butofsedimentcalleddiatomite.Diatomiteisthecrustalremainsoffreshwatercreaturesthatlivedintheareathousandsofyearsagowhenitwassubmergedunderahugelake.forthegrounditselfwasdiatomite.Nowtheresearchersalsoexpectedtofindhowtoreaddepositsofdiatomitecoveringtheground,lightenoughtobewhippedupintodustcloud.Butinsteadtheyfoundtrunksofdiatomitethatweremuchlarger,likegravel,coveringtheground.Theywereweighttooheavyforeventhestrongestwindstoblowthemintotheairasdustclouds.Sowhereonearthwereallthisdustcomingfrom?Well,oneoftheresearchershadahypothesisthatitfirstseemedprettyfar-fetched,andithadtodowiththedunesintheBodele.Nownormallywethinkofsanddo,rightmoundsofdesertsandwhichmightbeagroundofrocklikecourts.Well,thehypothesiswasthattheBodeleduneswerenotmadeofsand,butofdiatomitethatisthoselargesumsofdiatomitewerebeingblownacrossthegroundandcollectedintodunes.Asthewindblewdiatomiteparticlesuptheslopeofadiatomitedunes,theparticleswouldrubandgrindagainsteachother,which,accordingtothehypothesis,wouldbreakthemupintoparticles,lightenoughtobeblownintotheairasdust.【56】Now,thiswasaradicalidea.Uh,nodiatomiteduneswereknowntoexistanywhere,butsureenough,whenresearcherswentouttothesedunes,theyfoundthattheyweremadeofchunksofdiatomiteofvarioussizes.Andwhenthewindpickedup,dustwasclearlybeingblownoffthetopofthedune,creatingdustclouds.Theairwasclearerwheretherewerefewerdunes..Whatdoestheprofessormainlydiscuss TheoriginsofdiatomiteintheSaharaTheroutethatdusttravelsfromtheBodeledepressiontootherTheconditionsthatcausedustproductionintheBodeleTherelationshipbetweentheBodeledepressionandotherpartsoftheBodeledepression，dust是如何產(chǎn).WhatfeatureoftheBodeledepressionallowsittoproducemoredustthanotherregionsDThehightemperaturesthatoccuryear-roundthereTheabundanceofsandonthegroundthereThemixtureofdiatomiteandotherrocksthereTheclosenessoftwomountainrangesthere.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatinformationabouttheBodeledepressionwasobtainedfromsa litephotographs ThemonthsinwhichdustproductionisgreatestthereTheeffectsofdustonlocalweatherconditionsThepreciseamountofdustproducedthereeachyearThevelocityofthewindsthatoriginatethere.WhatdoestheprofessoremphasizeabouttheAmazon ItsfertilitydependspartlyondustfromtheBodeledepression.IthasanimportanteffectonweatherconditionsintheSahara.ItsclimateisgreatlyaffectedbysandfromtheSahara.ItreceivesBodeledustataconstantratethroughoutthe.WhatweretheresearcherssurprisedtofindwhentheyfirstarrivedattheBodeledepression Lessdustisproducedtherethanhadbeenpredicted.Dustcloudstherearesmallerthanexpected.Thediatomitewasinlargerandheavierpiecesthanexpected.Thesoilthereismadeofquartzratherthandiatomite..TheprofessordiscussesahypothesisaboutthecompositionofthedunesintheBodeledepression.Whatdoesheimplyaboutthishypothesis Itisstillnottakenseriouslybymanyresearchers.Itwasprovedcorrectbyresearchatthedunes.ItissimilartoanearlierhypothesisaboutthedunesintheBodeledepression.ItappliestootherareasinadditiontotheBodeledepression.【答案】DACDBDListentopartofalectureinananthropology etoanthropologyoneoone.Now,anthropologistshavetraditionallyclassifiedhumansocietiesintogroupsaccordingtocertainsharedfeaturesorcharacteristics.Sobeforeweevenopenourtextbook,whatmightbesomewaysofclassifyingsociety?S:Well,maybetheirformofernment,youknow,whetherit'sademocracyororsomethingelse,like,um,asocietywhereallmembershaveequalstanding,uh,anegalitariansociety.P:Good,anybodyS:Um,maybewhetheritsnomadicornot,whetherthegroupmovesaroundorjuststaysonallyear?P:Sure,thosearegoodsuggestions.Andanthropologistsdocategoriessocietiesalongthoselines.Butthere'sanothersystemofcategorizationIwanttomentionthat'straditionallybeenverypopular.That'slookingatasociety’smodesubsistence.Howdoesitsurvive,particularly?Howdoesitacquirefood?S:Oh,likehuntergatherers,right?P:Preciselytheywereactuallybornseparatecategories,huntingandgatheringpastoralism,horticultureandintensiveagriculture.S:Ok,Iunderstandhuntingandgathering,butwhat'sthedifferencebetweentheP:Goodquestion.Pastoralismgenerallyreferstodomesticatinganimals,sayraisingchickensorgoats.Horticulturallistntseedsandharvesttheresultingcrops.Andthelastclassification-intensiveagriculture.That'slikepastoralismorhorticultureonalargescale.ButIsaidthat'sagoodquestionforareasonbecauseoncloserexamination,thedifferencebetweensay,huntingandpastoralism,itreallyisn'tthatclear.Butthenifweaddednewcategories,well,weneedtoomanyforittobepractical.Uh,whatImeanisthis,accordingtothedefinition,huntersandgathererssubsistbyhuntingwildanimals,gatheringwildnts.Buthowexactlydowedefinewild?【2】Ifpeoplecaptureandraisetheyoungofananimal,theyhunted?Well,youcouldn'tcallthemdomesticated,butaretheystillwild?Andmerelybygatheringcertainntsonaregularbasis,youaffecttheirgrowth,whicheventuallyleadstodomestication.Sothequestionyou'releftwithiswhendoesgathering ehorticulture?Ok,soanotherquestionis,dowepayattentiontohowpeoplegettheirfoodortowhatfoodtheyactuallyeat?Butwhatdopeopleeatthefoodtheyget?【3】Notnecessarily.Imagineagroupthathunts,butthenfrayedthemeatfordomesticatedcrop.Doweclassifythemashuntergatherers?Becausetheyhuntwildanimalsorashorticulturalbecausetheyeatintentionallycultivatedfood.AndIt'snotjustwhatpeopleeat.It'samatterofhowmuch.Letmeexinwhatifthegroupgetsitsfoodpartlythroughhuntingandgathering,andpartlythroughraisinganimalsandgrowingcrops,doesthesocietyhavetodependexclusivelyononemotivesubsistenceinordertobeclassifiedthatway?Um,well,Idon'tknow,andneitherdoI.I'mnotreallyaskingthequestion.I'msuggestingthatthetraditionalsystemdoesn'thaveananswertothatquestion.【4】Imeantheclassificationsystemisn'tcomple yuseless.It'sjustabittoo,uh,broadtogiveusmuchusefulinformationaboutasociety.Andthere'sanotherconcern,though,onadifferentlevel,whichinvolvescertainassumptionsthatanthropologistshavetraditionallymadeaboutsocietiesbasedonhowtheirmotivesubsistenceisclassified.Basically,it'sbeentakenforgrantedthatthesecategoriescorrelatewithsocietalcomplexity.Thatishuntergatherersocietiestendtobeorganizedalongthesimplestline,smallsettlements,nomadiclifestyles,arelativelyegalitarianpoliticalstructure.Andasyoumovefromhuntingandgatheringtointensiveagriculture,societiesgetmorecomplexintheirorganization.ButarecentstudyinNewGuineasuggestthatthisdoesn'treallyholdtrue.Itisnotsomuchwhetheragroupsourceoffoodiswildorcultivated,butratherwhatkindofstabilitytheyareabletoachieve.Somaybeahuntergatherersocietythat'snomadicwilltendtobemoresimplyorganized.【5】Butthenlet'sconsideronethatreliesonsay,fishing,onanyuseofaquaticresources,whichareavailableyearround.Theycanstayinonece,expandinsize,spendlesstimesearchingforfood.Soeventhoughthey'realsohuntergathers,becausetheyhuntforwildfish,theyareabletodeveloporganizationalstructuresthatarejustascomplexsociallyandculturallyasmanywereculturalorintensiveagriculturalsociety..WhatisthemainpurposeofthelectureTodescribedifferentmethodsanthropologistshaveusedtocategorizecomplexhumansocietiesToexinhowdomesticationofcropsandanimalshasbenefitedhumanToshowhowhumansocietiesdevelopedcomplexorganizationalstructuresToidentifyproblemswithatraditionalmethodofclassifyinghumansocieties.Whatpointdoestheprofessormakeaboutyounganimalsthathavebeencapturedduringahunt ItmaybenecessarytoquestionwhethersuchanimalsshouldbeconsideredItiscommontoraisesuchanimalsinordertotradethemforothertypesoffood.Thispracticeiscarriedoutonlybypastoralists.Itisunclearhowfrequentlythispracticeoccursinhunter-gatherer.Underwhatcircumstancesmightitbedifficulttodecidehowtoclassifyagroupofhunters Clickon2IftheyusetoolsbothforhuntinganimalsandforgatheringwildntsIftheyexchangethemeattheyacquireforcultivatedcropsIftheygrowtheirowncropsinadditiontohuntingIftheygetthemajorityoftheirfoodfromwildntsthatthey.Whatistheprofessor'sopinionabouttheclassificationsystemshediscussesItisflawedtothepointofbeingunusableandshouldbereItisonlyusefulforprovidinggeneralinformationaboutvariousgroups.Itshouldbeexpandedtoincludeothertypesofgroups.Itisnotideal,butitismoreprecisethanearliersystemsof.Whydoestheprofessormentionsocietiesthatrelyprimarilyonfishing ToimplythatthesesocietiesgenerallyhaveanegalitarianpoliticalstructureTopointoutthewidespreadavailabilityoffishasafoodTodemonstratewhyfishingshouldnotbeincludedinthesamecategoryasToargueagainsttheclaimthathunter-gatherersocietiesdeveloponlysimpleorganizationalstructures.WhydoestheprofessorsayToindicatethatthedifferencebetweenmodesofsubsistencecanbeunclearToargueagainstthenotionthathunter-gathererspracticedhorticultureTosuggestthathuntingandgatheringismoreproductivethanhorticultureToexinwhenntsweredomesticated【答案】DBADBListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandanemployeeinthestudentactivitiesoffice.S:【1】Iwasonyourstudentactivitieswebsitethismorninglookingforanenvironmentalclubtojoin,butIdidn'tseeanything.P:Um,weusedtohavesomethinglikethatoncampus,butnotanymore.Wedohaveacommunityserviceclub.Theymightdosomeenvironmentalactivities.S:【2】Yeah.Look,thereareactivitiesseemmorerelatedtoeducation,liketutoringchildrenandstufflikethatandI'mlikethequoteIbelongtoinhighschooldidthingslikerecyclingandraisingmoneyforalocalnaturepreserve.ImeanI'mnotsayingtutoringisn'timportant.It'sjustthatP:Youknowyoucouldstartyourownenvironmentalclub.Soundslikeyou'vegotS:Me,butI'monlyafirstyearP:It'snotlikeyouhavetowaittoyoursecondyeartobethefounderofclubandifyoudon'tfeellikeyouknowenoughpeopletojoinyourclub.There'slotsofwaystoadvertise.Thereisthecampusnewspaper.Youcanmakeflyerstoputuponthebulletinboard.S:Um,IguessIcouldstartlookingintotheprocessofstartingaclub,evenifdidn'tdoitrightaway,maybedownthePIthinkyou'llfindtheprocesstobefairlystraightforwardbutthereareseveralstepsinvolved.Forstarters.【3-1】Thefounderneedstofindatleastfourotherstudentswhowillcommittojointhegrouptoformitscoremembership.S:Ok.Withthebulletinboardsinall,itshouldn'tbetoohardtorecruitpeople.AndI'mtakinganenvironmentalstudiesclass,soIcouldprobablyasksomeofmyfriendsfromthere.P:Sure.Soonceyouhaveyourcoregroupoffive,【3-2】youneedtodraftyourconstitution,youknow,a statingyourmissionandbasicgoals,lingwhytheclubsworthwhile.Theniftheconstitutionapprovedbymyofficewe’llmaketheclubofficial.S:Ok,Doesitcostanything?Imean,isthereafeeforstartingaclub?Actuallytheuniversityfundsyou.Eachapprovedclubgetstart-upfundingoffourhundreddollars.Itcanbeusedforrecruitingmembers,printingflyers,buyingofficesandforyourfirstmeeting,maybesomerefreshment,thatkindofthing.Butyou'renotgiventhemoneyautomatically.【4Youhavetogetafacultymembertosignupasyouradvisorfirst.Andyouhavetosubmitabudgetspecifyingwhatyouliketospendyourfourhundreddollarson.Thisiswhereyourfacultyadvisorwillbemosthelpful.P:Itseemslikealotofwork,butitwouldbeworthwhileforme.Ithink.ImeanIreallyhopetomakeacareeroutofenvironmentalstudiesoneday.Sotoreallybegivingsomehandsonwork.S:S:Great,letmegetyourhandbook.Ithasallthestepsandrequirementsforgettingstarted..Whydoesthewomangotoseetheman ToapplyforfundsforanenvironmentalactivityTogetinformationaboutstartinganewstudentTofindouthowtosignupforactivitiesthroughtheuniversity'sWebsiteTogethelpfindingaclubthatmatchesherinterests.Whatdoesthewomanimplyaboutthecommunityserviceclub Shebelongedtoasimilarclubinhighschool.SheisunlikelytojointheTheclubdoesnotacceptfirst-yearTheactivitiessponsoredbytheclubaretootime-.Accordingtotheman,whataretherequirementsforgettinganewclubapprovedbythestudentactivitiesofficeClickon2answers.TheremustbeaminimumnumberofprospectiveThefoundermusthavecompletedatleastoneyearofuniversitycoursework.Anadvertisingntopublicizetheclubmustbedesigned.Theclub'spurposeandgoalsmustbeclearly.Accordingtotheman,whatisanimportantroleofthefacultyadvisor ToensurethatallclubactivitiesareeducationalTohelpclubmembersdevelopabudgetToencouragestudentstojointheclubTohelptheclubselectaleader.WhatbenefitdoesthewomanexpecttoreceivefromanenvironmentalclubAbettergradeinherenvironmentalstudiesclassTheopportunitytotutorchildrenPracticalexperienceinacareershewantstopursueThechancetoworkwithafacultymembersheadmires【答案】DADCDBlistentopartofalectureinastudioartOk,everybody.Todaywestartoursectionontheplein-airmovement.Thetermplein-airitselfisaFrenchphrasemeaningopenair.Themovementreferstopaintingsthatweredoneoutdoorsintheopenareayouseeratherthaninsideinthestudio,wherepaintingtraditionallytookce.Theplein-airmovementisusuallyconsideredtohavebegunintheseventeenthcenturyinRome,butit epopularinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesuntilthenineteenthcentury.Plein-airpaintinginvolvescloseobservationofnatureandrepresentingthelandscapeaccurayasitappearsunderthechangingconditionsoflightatmosphereandweather.That'swhyyouhavetobeoutsidetodoit,anideathatwasoncerevolutionary.Yousee,landscapepaintingwasn'tgenerallyconsideredaseriousorsophisticatedactivitybeforethismovementbegan.Forthosewhowerepaintinglandscape,itusedtobenormalpracticejusttoproducearoughsketchoutside,thengoinsidethestudioandcreatethepaintingfromthesketch,becauseitreallywasn'tconvenienttopaintoutsideButthenwell,【2-1】anewkindofeaselwasinventedinthenineteenthcentury,theFrencheaselitwaslightandportable,perfectforcarryingaroundoutsidetosomebeautifullocationThatandanotherinventionhelpsplein-airpaintingtakeroot.……[01:32]【2-2】pain-tube,becausebeforethenineteenthcentury,youhavetobuypaintasapigmentinpowderedform,andthenmixityourselfwithamedium,say,oil.Butthatpaintwasalreadymixedandcameinaresealabletubeforeasytransportationandpreservation.Nowwhenwetalkabouttheplein-airmovement,weneedtotakeacloserlookatanothermovement,Frenchimpressionism,whichstartedinthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury,Frenchimpressionistvaluethenaturalnessandopenairthatwasconveyedbyplein-airpaintings.Sotheyadoptedtheplein-airpaintingapproach.You'reallfamiliarwiththeFrenchimpressionistClaudeMonet.Monetpreferredpaintingoutsideandsohelpedpopularizetheplein-airmovement.Sometimeshe'dexaggeratethat.Hedidn'tneedastudioatall.Naturewashisstudio.【3Monetwillbringseveralcanvaseswithhimoutdoors.Hepaintedthesamesceneoneachcanvas,butatdifferenttimesoftheday,and eachcanvasthenextdaywhentheappropriatelightreturned.MonetandotherFrenchimpressionistpaintersusesmallbrushstrokesandintensecolorsforthedepictionoflightwhichwasanunconventionalpaintingtechniqueatthattime.【4】TheFrenchimpressionistsbelievedthatartshouldbeobjective.Thatis,itshouldcapturewhatthe actuallyseesataparticularceandtime.Thatmeantgettingoutofthestudio,whichiswhatwe'regoingtodotoday.Soonyourwayout,grabaFrencheasel.Ifyou'veneversetoneupbefore,I'llshowyouhowbeforeyouleave,findaspotwhereyoucanpaintnature,hititinmindthatyoudon'tneedtobeanywhereexotic,alocalparkorflowergardenwillworkjustfine.Onceyousetupstudywhat'sinfrontofyou,trytoaccuraydepicthowlightisaffectingthetheme,theplein-airpaintingyoupaintfromlife,notfromyourmemoryoryourownideas,whichwouldn'tbeanaccuratedepiction.AlthoughIshouldalsomentionthatyoudon'thavetopayeverythingyouseeinordertobeaccurate.Thinkaboutwhattheessenceofyourpaintingis.【5】Ifyourpurposeistocapturethepeacefulqualityofsunlightonagroupoftreesinthepark,youdon'thavetopaint,say,agarbagecan,justbecauseit'sactuallythereinthescene.Yourmainchallengewillbetheeverchanginglight.Naturallightonanythingchangesquicklytoworkpast.【6】Peoplemightwannatalktoyouandaskyouaboutyourwork,buttrynottogetinterrupted.RememberMonetandallthosecanvases.Youonlyhaveone.WhatisthemainpurposeofthelectureTocomparedifferentpaintingtechniquesusedinthenineteenthcenturyToreviewatopicthatthestudentsfinishedlearningaboutlastweekToevaluateclaimsmadeinanarticleaboutaparticularpainterToprovideanintroductiontoaparticularwayofpainting.Accordingtotheprofessor,whathelpedstrengthentheplein-airmovementinthenineteenthcentury Clickon2ThedevelopmentofaportableeaselAnewtechniquetoproducesketchess'increasedawarenessofRomanlandscapepaintingsAnewwaytotransportandpreservemixedpaint.Accordingtotheprofessor,whydidMonettakeseveralcanvaseswithhimwhenhepainted SohecouldpaintdifferentscenesatSohecouldfinishpaintingshehadstartedintheSohecouldcapturethesamesceneatdifferenttimesofdaySohecouldpaintwithoutworryingaboutmakingmistakes.Accordingtothelecture,whatdidtheFrenchImpressionistshaveincommonwiththeplein-airmovement FrenchImpressionists'paintingtechniqueswereconsideredtraditional.FrenchImpressionistsavoidedusingintensecolors.FrenchImpressionistsbelievedthatartcannotbeFrenchImpressionistssoughttopaintwhatcouldbedirectly.Whydoestheprofessormentionagarbage ToimplythatImpressionistsfoundbeautyineverydayTogiveanexampleofanobjectthataplein-airpaintingneednotToillustratehowpaintingfrommemorycanresultinaninaccuratedepictionofaTosuggestthataparkmightnotbeanidealceto.Whydoestheprofessor lthestudentstoavoidinterruptions Thestudentsarenotfocusingonwhatheissaying.Thestudentsmaynotrealizehowquicklytheywillneedtowork.Thestudentsareeasilydistracted.Thestudentswillbepaintinginalocationwithacrowdof【答案】CBCDACBListentopartofalectureinamarineecologyP:Whenwetalkaboutoceanpollution,wenormallythinkaboutthingslikeoilspills,um,chemicalpollution,andandandsolidwaste,likeumsticbagsthatendupinthestomachsofseashore.Butthereisaninvisibleformofpollutionthatcanalsoaffectmarinelife---noise.SoundwavesgeneratedfromhumanS:Youmeansonarsoundwaves?Youknowwhatpeopleusedtolookforsunkenshipsandstuff?P:Um.Yes.Sonarandotheractivitieslikedrillingforoilundertheseadocontribute.Butwebelievethemajorsourceofunderwaternoisecomesfromships.Largecommercialvesselsthatferrygoodsthroughouttheworld.Weknowthatunderwaterbackgroundnoiseproducedbyshiptraffichasbeendoublingeverytenyearssincethe1950s.Um.Youseeinternationaltradeisgrowingallthetime.Alsosaltwaterisanamazingconductorofsoundwaves.Soundtravelsfivetimesfasterunderwaterthanthroughtheair.【2-1】Soit'snosurprisethatmanymarineanimalsevolvedtousesoundforthingslikecommunication,navigation,locatingfood,detectingpredators,findingamate.Butunfortunaythesoundsproducedbylargeshipsareprimarilyinthesamebandwidththatmarinem lsuse---【2-2】lowfrequencysounds,whichcantravelgreatdistances.S:IsthereanydirectproofthatseaanimalsareactuallygettinghurtbyP:No,nohardevidenceyet,butwe'restillresearchingit.Wedobelievehowever,thatnoisepollutiondoesaddtotheanimalstressandpotentiallyaffectstheirbehavior.Inonestudy,forexample,itwasfoundthatthesongorcallofarightwhalecanbediscernedbyanotherrightwhaleswimming20kilometersawayinaquietocean.Butinanoisyocean,thewhaleswouldhavetobeswimmingwithinoneortwokilometerstoheareachother.Um.Imagineifeveryoneinthisclassroomstartedtalkingatonce.It'llbeastruggletohoneinonjustmyvoice,unlessyouwalkrightuptome.Right?S:Soit'slikeawhale’smatingcallgotdrownedout.ItcouldpreventitfindingaP:Sure.Look,rightnow,there'ssomethinglike2000millionanimalspeciesontheUnitedStatesendangeredspecieslist.Virtuallyallthemarinem includingwhalesandmanyfishspecies,saythatl