中考初中英語語法-冠詞

中考初中英語語法—冠詞冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒有詞義，只能用在名詞之前。冠詞有定冠詞the和不定冠詞a和an。定冠詞the可以用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之前，不定冠詞a和an只能用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前。一.不定冠詞a/an的用法（一）a和an的用法區(qū)別a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞、字母、數(shù)字等前面。abook/buk/一本書；apen/pen/一支鋼筆；2七7期:/一個字母，"；a“nine”/nain/一個數(shù)字“9”an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞、字母、數(shù)字等前面。anEnglish/iqglif/book一本英語書；anapple/'apl/一個蘋果;an“f”/ef/一個字母“f"（字母f的首音素為包）；an“eight"/eit/一個數(shù)字“8"（數(shù)字eight的首音素為/ei/）注意：判斷一個詞是以元音音素開頭還是以輔音音素開頭，是根據(jù)讀音而不是根據(jù)字母。注意以下幾種特殊情況：anhour/'ag（r）/一個小時（hour中的h不發(fā)音）；aone-year/wAn/-oldboy一個一歲的男孩（數(shù)字one的首音素為/w/）。（二）不定冠詞a/an的主要用法1.用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示泛指“一個"。Iamastudent.我是一■個學(xué)生。Myfatherisateacher.我爸爸是一個老師。Thisisanegg,這是一個雞蛋。Ihaveaneraser,我有一塊橡皮。2.表示“一個"（相當(dāng)于one）Anappleadaykeepsthedoctorsaway.一天一■個蘋果，醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我。3.用在固定搭配中afew一些；alittle一點(diǎn)，一些；alotof許多；haveacold感冒；haveagoodtime玩得愉快；haveabreak/rest休息一下；haveaswim/walk/talk/dance/look游泳/步行/談話/跳舞/看一看.定冠詞the的主要用法1.the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞（表示特指”這個，這些”）Thebooksonthedeskareveryinteresting.桌子上的這些書很有趣。Thewaterintheriverisgood.這條河里的水很好。2.the+獨(dú)一無二的事物thesun太陽；theearth地球；themoon月亮；thesea大海；theworld世界3.the+發(fā)明物thetelephone/computer,電話/電腦4.the+方位名詞ontheleft/right在左/右邊；intheeast/west/north/southofChina在中國的東/西/北/南部5.the+西洋樂器名詞playtheviolin/piano拉小提琴/彈鋼琴。6.the+序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級（注意：副詞最高級前thefirstlesson第一課Tomisthetalleststudentinourclassandruns(the)fastest.湯姆是我們班里最高的學(xué)生并且跑得最快。

即可以加the,也可以不加the）7.用在固定搭配中dotheshopping/washing買東西/洗衣服；gotothehotel去住旅館；gotothecinema去看電影不用冠詞的幾種情況1.復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指，不加冠詞。Ilikereadingbooks.我喜歡讀書。Waterisnecessarytous.水對于我們是必不可少的。2.名詞前已有所有格或作定語的物主代詞（my,your,his,her等），指示代詞（this/these,that/those），不定代詞（some,any等）限制時，不加冠詞。ThisisTom'sbook.這是湯姆的書。Theseflowersarebeautiful.這些花很漂亮。3.在季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、學(xué)科、三餐、球類和棋類名詞前，不加冠詞。Springcomesafterwinter.冬天過去了就是春天。TodayisThursday,September10th,Teacher,sDay.今天是九月十號，星期四，是教師節(jié)。Helikesplayingbasketball/chess.他喜歡打籃球/下棋。4.表交通工具或通信手段的名詞與by連用時，不加冠詞。（注意：不與by連用時，要加冠詞）bybike/car/bus/train騎自行車/乘汽車/乘火車byplane乘飛機(jī)byboat/ship乘船byradio/telephone通過無線電/打電話（onabike騎自行車inacar乘汽車）5.用在固定搭配中g(shù)ohome回家；gotowork去上班；gotobed/school去睡覺/上學(xué)；atnoon/night在中午/夜晚；athome在家；atwork在工作練一練一.用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空Mr.Liisoldworker.Lookatpicture!There,shouseinit.Thereisinterestingpictureonwall.Tomiskindboy.Allstudentslovehim.Meimeiisbeststudentinherclass.earthisoneofsun,splanets.Maryisclevererofthetwogirls.--Howlongdidyoustaythere?--Abouthalfhour.GreatWallislongestwallintheworld.ShanghaiisineastofChina.Beijingisbeautifulcity.Thereisoldbookonthedesk.oldbookisMary,s.Hissisterlikesplayingpiano.Shehasorangeskirt.skirtisnice.AtthattimeTomwasone-year-oldbaby.二.單句改錯.Whatainterestingstoryitis!.Katesometimesplaysviolinbeforesupper.sometimesplaythetabletennisafterschool.Wecan,tseesunatnight.Thereisa“s"intheword“bus”.TheHuangheRiverisinnorthofChina.Abookonthedeskismine.havenewpenandIlikeitverymuch.9.Igotoschoolbyabike.Myfatherisanteacher.答案：.1.an2.the;a3.an;the4.a;the5.the6.The;the7.the8.an9.The;the10.the11.a12.an;the13.the14.an;the15.a.1.a—an2.violin之前力口the3.去掉the4.sun之前力口the5.a-an6.north之前力口the7.A—The8.new之前加a9.去掉a10.an--a一、英語閱讀理解專項練習(xí)試卷1.閱讀理解ChineseFarmers'Harvest（收獲，收割）FestivalisthefirstfestivalinChinaforfarmers.Thefestivalstartingfrom2018,fallsontheAutumnalEquinox（秋分）eachyear.TheAutumnalEquinoxisoneofthe24solarterms（節(jié)氣）oftheChineselunarcalendarandusuallyfallsbetweenSeptember22ndand24th,duringthecountry'sharvestseason.Asweallknow,Chinahasthelargestpopulationallovertheworld.Itwasdifficulttofeedthelargestpopulationinthepast.Afterreformandopening（改革開放）,withthedevelopmentofmodernagriculture（農(nóng)業(yè)），people'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalshowsthatourgovernmentispayingmoreattentiontoagricultureandfarmers'life.Itwillgreatlyencouragefarmerstofarmanddevelopfurthermodemagriculture.Chinahasalonghistoryofagriculture.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestival,theculturalsymbol,helpstoshowChina'slongfarmingculturetotheworld.ItalsoconnectstheexcellenttraditionalChineseculturetomodemcivilization（文明）andimprovestheculturalself-confidenceandnationalpride.Sincethefestivalisespeciallycreatedforfarmers,theyareencouragedtothinkoftheirownwaystocelebrateharvest.Someactivitiesareheldacrossthecountry,butmostofthecelebrationswilltakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.Also,localgovernmentusuallyhostsallkindsofactivitiesforthefestival,suchasfolkcultureperformances,foodtastingandsoon.Somepeoplethinkthefestivalisthehappiesttimeofayear,evenbetterthantheSpringFestival,becausefoodgivespeopleasenseofsafetyandhope.Forotherpeople,theharvestfestivalisatimetolookbackatthepastandlookforwardtothefuture.WeprobablycelebratetheChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalon.A.September20thB.September23rdC.September25thD.October1stThemainpurposesthatChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalwascreateddon'tincludeshowingthelonghistoryoffarmingcultureofChinaimprovingChineseculturalself-confidenceandnationalprideencouragingChinesefarmerstogiveuplocalcustomsconnectingthetraditionalChineseculturetomodemcivilizationWecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat.thecelebrationswillbedifferentlybasedonlocalcustomswesterncountriesalsocelebratetheFanners'HarvestFestivaltheFarmers'HarvestFestivalisoneoftheChinesetraditionalfestivalsTheFarmers'HarvestFestivaliscreatedforbothfarmersandworkersWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalfallsondifferentdaysindifferentareasinChina.TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalisthebesttimetoharvestcrops(±稼即theworld.TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalhasbeencelebratedtwiceinourcountrysofar.China'smodemagriculturehasgreatlydevelopedbecauseofreformandopening.【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)D【解析【分析】文章大意：短文介紹了中國的首屆中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié)。節(jié)日定語中國的二十四解氣的秋分，這個節(jié)日是為農(nóng)民創(chuàng)建的，鼓勵他們用自己的方式慶祝收獲。有農(nóng)民認(rèn)為這個節(jié)日是他們一年中最快樂的時候。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)heAutumnalEquinoxisoneofthe24solarterms（節(jié)氣）oftheChineselunarcalendarandusuallyfallsbetweenSeptember22ndand24th,可知，秋分在月22日-24日的某一天，所以慶祝豐收節(jié)應(yīng)該在這個事件范圍內(nèi)。故答案是B。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)Someactivitiesareheldacrossthecountry,butmostofthecelebrationswilltakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.Also,localgovernmentusuallyhostsallkindsofactivitiesforthefestival,suchasfolkcultureperformances,foodtastingandsoon.可知C的陳述絕對錯誤，故答案是C。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)butmostofthecelebrationswilltakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.可知，慶祝活動應(yīng)基于當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)土人情，故答案是A。（4）正誤判斷題，根據(jù)Afterreformandopening（改革開放），withthedevelopmentofmodernagriculture（農(nóng)業(yè)）,people'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalshowsthatour可知，因為改革開放，中國的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)取得了很大的成就，故答案是D?！军c(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解，本文涉及到了細(xì)節(jié)理解題和正誤判斷題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般可知直接在文中找到答案，正誤判斷題也是細(xì)節(jié)理解題的一種，也是基于短文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行判斷的。2.閱讀理解Oncetherewasalittlestream（小溪）.Itfloweddownfromahighmountainandtravelledthroughmanyvillagesandforests.Atlastitreachedadesert.“Iwentthroughsomanydifficulties.Ishouldhavenoproblemcrossingthedesert,shethought.Asshestarted,shefoundherselfslowlydisappearingintothesand.Aftermanytries,shestillfailed.“MaybeIcan'treachtheocean,“shesaidsadlytoherself.Atthistime,adeepvoicesaid,“Ifabreeze（微風(fēng)）cancrossthedesert,socanastream.”Itwasthevoiceofthedesert.Butthelittlestreamanswered,“That'sbecauseabreezecanfly,butIcannot.”“That'sbecauseyoucan,tgiveupwhatyouare.Letyourselfevaporate（蒸發(fā)）intothebreeze,anditcantakeyouacross,”saidthedesert.“GiveupwhatIamnow?No!No!”Thelittlestreamcouldnotacceptthisidea.“Thebreezecancarrythevapor（蒸汽）acrossthedesertandletitleaveasrain.Theminwillformariveragain,”saidthedesert.“Andwhetheryou'reariverorvapor,yournatureneverchanges.”Hearingthis,thelittlestreamwentintotheopenarmsofthebreeze.Itcarriedhertothenextstageofherlife.Thecourseofourlivesisliketheexperienceofthelittlestream.Ifyouwanttogothroughdifficultiesinyourlifetoheadforsuccess,youshouldalsochangethewayyouare.Howdidthelittlestreamfeelatfirstwhenshereachedthedesert?A.Cheerful. B.Worried. C.Afraid. D.Confident.Whydidthelittlestreamrefusethedesert'sadvice?Becauseshedidn,tbelievethedesert.Becauseshedidn,tlikethebreeze.Becauseshewasn,tabletofly.Becauseshedidn/twanttogiveuphershape.Howdidthelittlestreamcrossthedesertfinally?A.Byevaporatingintothebreeze. B.Byformingariver.C.Bydisappearingintothesand. D.Bychanginghernature.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?Bemoreconfidentwhenwemeetsomedifficulties.Weshouldn'tchangeourmindwhateverotherssay.Ifweacceptusefuladvicewhenweareintrouble,wewillsucceed.Ifwetrytoworkhard,wewillsucceedatlast.【答案】(1)D(2)D(3)A(4)C【解析【分析】本文講述的是一條小溪在過沙漠的時候，遇見了困難。最后在沙漠的建議下，改變了自己的形態(tài)，變成了水蒸氣，在風(fēng)的幫助下，最后越過了沙漠。并把這一過程與人生進(jìn)行了比較！(1)理解判斷題。cheerful"高興的";worried"擔(dān)憂的";afraid"害怕的";8門制0位"自信的”。由第一段中Ishouldhavenoproblemcrossingthedesert,shethought可知小溪在到達(dá)沙漠時，開始時很有自信。故選D。⑵理解判斷題。由第三段中的"GiveupwhatIamnow?No!No!”可知小溪不像放棄她現(xiàn)在的形態(tài)。故選D。⑶細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Hearingthis,thelittlestreamwentintotheopenarmsofthebreeze.可知小溪接受了沙漠的建議，變成了水蒸氣。故選A。

⑷主旨大意題。通過這個故事我們學(xué)習(xí)到。當(dāng)我們面臨困難時，如果我們能接受游泳的建議，我們就會成功。故選C。3.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案。The2014FIFAWorldCup,thetwentiethWorldCupfootballmatch,washeldinBrazilfromJune12th,2014toJuly13th,2014.Thirty-twoteamsfromdifferentcountriesbroughtussixty-fourwonderfulgamesduringtheWorldCup.ThisisthesecondtimetheWorldCupisheldinthiscountryandthefifthinSouthAmerica.Thousandsoffootballfanswatchedthegames.ABiteofChina(舌尖上的中國),amouth-wateringdocumentaryTVprogramfeaturingdeliciousChinesefood,hasinterestedalargenumberofpeople.TheprogramhasbecomeverypopularsinceitwasshownonTV.ThedocumentaryprovidesnotonlyChinesedeliciousfoodbutalsotherelationshipsbetweenpeopleandfood.“Wemadethisdocumentarywithourrespectandloveforfood.IhopeitwillhelppeoplelearnmoreaboutChinesefoodaswellasChineseculture.”saidthedirectorMr.Chen.LuJialei,aschoolgirlfromHangzhou,China,wonthechampionshipofthefirstChineseCharacterDictationContest,whichmadeherbecomefamousovernight.Luisahard-workinggirlandalwayscomestopatschool.“IlikereadingandI,mcrazyaboutlearningChinesecharacters.IenjoythecontestandhopemoreandmorepeoplebecomeinterestedinlearningChinesecharacters.”saidLuJialeiafterwinningthecontest.Howlongdidthe2014FIFAWorldCuplast?A.Aboutaweek.B.AbouttwoweeksC.Aboutamonth.D.Abouttwomonths.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticles?LuJialeialwaysgetsgoodgradesatschool.TheWorldCuphasbeenheldinSouthAmericatwice.ManypeoplelikewatchingtheTVprogramABiteofChina.LuJialeihopesmorepeoplecantakemuchinterestinChinesecharacters.Wheremaythearticlesprobablycomefrom?A.Astorybook.B.Asciencereport.C.Asportsmagazine.D.TheInternet.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D【解析【分析】這篇短文給我們介紹了三段不同內(nèi)容的短文。第一段是關(guān)于今年夏天將在巴西舉行的足球世界杯；第二段是關(guān)于《舌尖上的中國》這個電視節(jié)目；第三段是關(guān)于第一屆漢字聽寫大賽的冠軍盧佳磊。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文的第一段中thetwentiethWorldCupfootballmatch,willbeheldinBrazilfromJune12th,2014toJuly13%2014.可知，第20屆世界杯足球賽將于2014年6月12號到7月13號在巴西舉行，時間是持續(xù)一個月。故選C。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)Luisahard-workinggirlandalwayscomestopatschool可知A的說法是對的；根據(jù)ABiteofChina（舌尖上的中國），amouth-wateringdocumentaryTVprogramfeaturingdeliciousChinesefood,hasinterestedalargenumberofpeople.可知C的說法也符合文意；根據(jù)enjoythecontestandhopemoreandmorepeoplebecomeinterestedinlearningChinesecharacters可知D也是符合文意的；根據(jù)ThisisthesecondtimetheWorldCupisheldinthiscountryandthefifthinSouthAmerica.可知，這是世界杯足球賽第五次在南美洲國家舉行，故B不對。選B。（3）主旨大意題。這篇短文中給我們介紹了三個不同的內(nèi)容，第一段是關(guān)于今年的世界杯足球比賽將在巴西舉行；第二個是關(guān)于《舌尖上的中國》這個節(jié)目；第三個是關(guān)于漢字聽寫大賽的冠軍盧佳磊。這樣的一篇短文應(yīng)該來源于網(wǎng)上。故選D。【點(diǎn)評】閱讀理解考查對篇章的把握和對細(xì)節(jié)的識別能力，答題時注意緊扣問題中的關(guān)鍵詞，在文章中尋找答案。4.閱讀理解ThevillageofHenglywasgoingtohavetheBeanOlympics.Itwasacompetitiontoseewhichkindofbeanwouldgrowthefastestandthetallest.Everybodywasexcited.Theycouldn'twaittoshowtheirbestplants.Cassieknewclearlywhichbeanshewouldchooseforthecompetition,forherfamilyhadplantedaspecial"familybean".Itwasaflatbeanthathergreat-grandparentshadbroughtfromSicily.Hergrandmotherplantedthebeanseveryyearandservedthematmanymeals.Cassiewas

suretheywouldbeunbeatablebeans.However,theplandidnotworkoutthatway.AlthoughCassie'sbeanplantslookedhealthywithbeautifulpurpleflowers,theydidnotgrowasfastorclimbashighasanyofherneighbours.Thesepeoplechosebeansfromseed(種子)shops.Theirbeanshadwonderfulnameslike"Rocket"or"TopCrop".Onetypewasevennamed"King'sBean".ThatwasthebeanIvanplanted,andhisplantsclimbedalmosttothetopofthefence.Cassie'splantswerejustnearthemiddleofthefence.Onthedayofthecompetition,Cassiewasdisappointedthatherbeanswereinlastplace.Ivanlaughedatherbeansandsaidshecouldwinaprizefortheslowest,shortestbean.Theorganizer,MrWilliams,handedoutmedalsforthefastest-growingandthetallestbeanplants."Nowthereremainsonlyonefinaltest,anditisjustasimportant:thetastetest."MrWilliamscookedthebeansfromeachcompetitorandchosefiveexperiencedvillagersasjudges(裁判).Cassiewasnervous.Wouldherfamilybeansloseanothertime?Afterthejudgestastedthebeans,MrWilliamscountedtheresults."Wehaveawinner,"MrWilliamsannounced."ThejudgesallagreethatCassie'sbeansarethewinner."Cassiegrinnedatthisunexpectedresult.Manyofherneighbours,evenIvanaskedforherseeds.Theywereallinfavourofthegood-tastingbeanseventhoughtheydidn'tgrowfastorverytall.Cassie'sbeanswerefrom .A.theorganizer B.seedshops C.herneighbours D.herfamilyCassiewontheprizefor.A.thetallestbeans B.themostdeliciousbeansC.themostbeautifulbeans D.thefastest-growingbeansWhatdoestheunderlinedword"grinned"probablymeaninthepassage?A.smiledwidely.B.leftsilently.WhatisthetopicofthepassageA.smiledwidely.B.leftsilently.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?Theexperienceofgrowingbeans.C.Thehistoryofaspecialfamilybean.【答案】(1)D(2)BC.noddedquickly.D.sangsadly.Thetallestbeaninthecompetition.D.ThebeancompetitioninHenglyVillage.A(4)D【解析】【分析】主要講了利村要舉辦豆豆奧運(yùn)會。這是一場競賽，看哪種豆子長得最快、最高。大家都很興奮。他們迫不及待地要展示他們最好的植物。（1）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)forherfamilyhadplantedaspecial"familybean"科學(xué)Cassie的豆子是家人種的，故選D。（2）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Theywereallinfavourofthegood-tastingbeanseventhoughtheydidn'tgrowfastorverytall他們都喜歡味道好的豆子，盡管它們長得不快也不高，可知豆子是美味的，故選B。（3）推斷題。根據(jù)ThejudgesallagreethatCassie'sbeansarethewinner可知Cassie的豆子是獲勝者，所以Cassie是高興的，即咧嘴笑，smiledwidely，故選A。（4）主旨題。根據(jù)全文可知主要講了利村要舉辦豆豆奧運(yùn)會。這是一場競賽，看哪種豆子長得最快、最高。大家都很興奮。他們迫不及待地要展示他們最好的植物。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細(xì)節(jié)題，注意從文中仔細(xì)尋找答案。5.閱讀理解AlmosteveryChinesecanrecitethefamouspoem,"Everygrainontheplatecomesfromhardwork（誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦）."Butsadly,manyofusdon'tactuallygettherealmeaningoftheselines：Don'twastefood.ACCTVprogramme,NewsOnePlusOne,reportedthatthefoodChinesepeoplethrowawayeveryyearisenoughtofeed200millionpeopleforayear.Dowehavetoomuchfood?No,accordingtotheUNWorldFoodProgramme,therewere925millionhungrypeoplearoundtheworldin2010,especiallyindevelopingcountries.6millionchildrendieofhungereveryyear.Chinesepeoplearewell-knownforbeinggenerous.Manyevenfeelthattheywilllosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthefoodonthetable.Luckily,anumberofpeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofsavingfood.InNovember,2011,LiHong,awaitressinarestaurantinNanjing,becamefamousbecauseshetooksomeleftover^^的）foodhomeforherson.Manypeoplestoodbyhersideandagreedthatitwasnotrighttowastefood.Whatshouldwedoinourdailylivestosavefood?HerearesometipsDonotordertoomuchinarestaurant.Onlyorderwhatyouwanttoeat