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RespiratorySystem王雪源蘇彤王浩浩蘇濤濤王靜馬維平馬欣馬陽馬喜玲馬永強(qiáng)StructureFunction*Knownasthethroatregion*ItisanareainwhichbothairandfoodpassthroughpharynxStructureFunction*AlsocalledtheAdam’sapple*orvoicebox*2pairsofvibratingmembranes*HumansusethelarynxasavoiceboxwhichcontainsvocalcordsthatvibrateandproducesoundasairpassesthroughLarynx*AKA:windpipe**Keptopenbyringsofcartilage**LinedwithaciliatedmucusmembraneBreathingtube(Onecigaretteparalyzestheciliafor20minutes)Trachea*Tracheadividesintotwomajordivisionsknownasbronchi**alsocontaincartilagerings***Thebronchisubdividemanytimesformingsmallertubulesknownasbronchioles*TwotubesairleadingtothelungsBronchiBronchiolesAlveoliStructureFunction*Lackcartilagerings**Tinybronchiolessubdivideandterminate(end)withstructuresknownasalveoli

*SmallestairtubeswithinthelungsBronchiolesStructureFunction*thin,(likecapillaries)*moist*surroundedbycapillaries*gasexchangebetweenthelungandtheblood**increasesurfaceareaforgasexchange***O2diffusesintothebloodfromthealveoliandCO2andwaterdiffuseoutofthebloodandintothealveoliAlveoli(I)BreathingProcessLungsarehighlyelastic(stretchable)BreathingiscontrolledbythemedullaMovementofthediaphragmandribcagecausespressurechangeinthechestcavitywhichmovesairintoandoutofthelungsThebreathingrateiscontrolledbytheconcentrationofCO2inthebloodWhenyoubreathyouareinhalingandexhaling….Inhalation=O2(oxygen)entersthebodysystemExhalation=CO2(carbondioxide)ispassedoutofthebody

(II)TheMechanicsofBreathingAirinhaledDiaphragmRibcagerisesAirexhaledDiaphragmRibcagelowersInhalationExhalation(III)GasExchangeTheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxidebetweentheatmosphereandtheblood.ExternalRespirationTernalrespirationcellularrespirationOxygentransportHemoglobinbindstooxygenthatdiffusesintothebloodstream.CarbondioxidetransportCarbondioxidecandissolveinplasma,andabout70%formsbicarbonateions.Somecarbondioxidecanbindtohemoglobinfortransport.(IV)DiseasesoftheRespiratorySystemAsthmaEmphysemaWhatisAsthmaDiseaseofchronicairwayinflammationCharacterizedby-airwayinflammation-airflowobstruction-airwayhyperresponsiveness

CommonTriggers-Petsandanimals-Earlyinfections-Cigarettesmoke-Dustmites-Coldair-StressAsthmatreatmentAvoidincentivePatienteducationDrugtherapyAirwaytothedrugtechnologydrypowderinhalerDPI定量氣霧劑metered-doseinhalerMDI干粉吸入劑吸入型糖皮質(zhì)激素inhaled

glucocorticosteroid,ICS)

EmphysemaDiseaseinwhichthewallsofthealveolibreakdownDecreasingsurfaceareaforgasexchange

Shortnessofbreath,difficultybreathing,anddecreasedlungcapacityAllergies

Anallergyisanadversereactiontoaproteininourenvironment,theseproteinsarecalledallergensandarenormallyharmless.Inpeoplewithanallergy,thebodyreactstoaspecificallergenbyreleasinghistaminefrommastcellsintheskin,lungs,noseorintestine.Thiscausesinflammationandswelling.AllergysymptomsPollenallergiescauserespiratorysymptomssimilartocolds.Sneezing,coughingandirritatedeye

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