2020高考語法填空解題技巧

2020語法填空解題技巧一給出提示詞（1）一動詞一、謂語動詞：給出的提示詞是動詞：若句中找不到謂語動詞，則所給動詞是謂語動詞?？挤?:考查動詞的時態(tài)一謂語動詞.（2019全國I卷?65）InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut（report）increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing..（2019全國II^-66）Irenesaid,"Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66（make）overtheyears..（2018全國^卷?61）Since2011,thecountry（grow）morecornthanrice..（2018全國^卷?68）TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment（start）asoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons..（2017全國^卷%8）Later,engineers（manage）toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels（隧道）,whichbecameknownastheTube.技巧1：在高考語法填空中，有時會給出時間標(biāo)志的時間狀語，根據(jù)所給的標(biāo)志詞或時間狀語得出答案。時態(tài)時間狀語標(biāo)志性詞1.一般現(xiàn)在時usually（通常）,0ften（經(jīng)常），always（總是），sometimes（有時）,everyday（每天）,everyweek（每周），everyyear（每年）,onceaweek（周次）,twiceamonth（每月兩次）,onSundays（每星期天）,nowandthen（有時）2.一般過去時yesterday（昨天）,lastweek（上周）,lastyear（去年）,lastmonth（上個月）,anhourage（一小時之前）,threedaysago（三天前）,justnow（剛才）,theotherday（幾天前）,in+過去年份，時間段+ago,時間段+later等。3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時now（現(xiàn)在）,rightnow（此時，此刻）,atpresent（目前）,atthismoment/time（現(xiàn)在），100k（你瞧）,listen（你聽）,thesedays（現(xiàn)在，目前）,allthetime（一直）4.過去進(jìn)行時atthistimeyesterday（昨天這時）,atthattime/moment（那時）5.現(xiàn)在完成時since+時間點，recently（最近，近來）,for+一段時間，sofar（到目前為止）,uptonow（到目前為止，至今）,lately（最近）,inrecentyears（在最近的幾年）,inthepast/lastfewyears（過去的幾年里）,duringthelast/pasttwoweeks,sincethen（從那以后）,over+時間段，already（E經(jīng)）,yet（還，仍，至今未）,never（決不，從來）,ever（任何時候）,just（剛剛）,untilnow,eversince6.過去完成時by/before/bytheendof/bythetime+過去時間點,bythen,untilthen7.一般將來時tomorrow（明天）,nextweek/year（下周/明年）,thedayaftertomorrow（B天）,inafewdays（幾天后）,inthefuture（將來）,inthefollowingfewweeks（接下來幾周）8.過去將來時thenextday,thenextweek,thefollowingmonth下個月）,aftertwodays9.將來進(jìn)行時atthistimetomorrow（明天這個時候）.（2018全國^I卷?65）Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand（recommend）wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit..（2018全國ni卷?69）WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,I_wasjustgladtofindthemalive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal（mean）menorealharm..（2017全國nI卷^69）Sarahsays,"Mydadthinks_Ishouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthatmoment,school（come）first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.”技巧2：參考語境和根據(jù)并列謂語時態(tài)一致.并列連詞and,but,or,aswellas,ratherthan,both.?.and,neither.??nor???，either.??or.??，notonly???butalso…等前后的謂語動詞時態(tài)要一致。.（2019全國^卷?64）Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene（declare）shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness..（2017全國I卷44）Whenfatandsalt（remove）fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.技巧3：根據(jù)固定句型：（固定句式要牢記）在時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時；主句用一般過去時，從句用一般過去時。在賓語從句中，如主句用一般過去時，從句應(yīng)用過去的某種時態(tài)；從句表客觀事實或真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時。固定句型中的時態(tài)：祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時。②This/That/Itisthe+序數(shù)詞+timethatsb.have/hasdone-某人第幾次做某事.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）This/That/Itwasthe+序數(shù)詞+timethatsb.haddone.（從句用過去完成時）Itis/hasbeen+時間段+sincesb._did…Itishightimethatsbdid/shoulddo..was/weredoingsth.whensb.did?Nosoonerhadsb.donesththansb1didsth./Hardlyhadsb.donesthwhensb1didsth.bythetime+sb.did,主語+haddone…考法2：考查動詞的語態(tài)一辨別邏輯，分析主動或被動.（2019全國小卷?69）Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we（invite）toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals..（2017全國［卷?64）Whenfatandsalt（remove）fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething..（2017全國^卷.65）Steamengines（use）topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess….（2017全國印卷?63）Sarah（tell）thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time..（2016全國印卷?62）Trulyelegantchopsticksmight（make）ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.牢記常考的幾種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài):1.一般現(xiàn)在時is/am/aredone5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時is/am/arebeingdone2.一般過去時was/weredone6.過去進(jìn)行時was/werebeingdone3.一般將來時willbedone7.現(xiàn)在完成時has/havebeendone4.過去將來時wouldbedone8.過去完成時hadbeendone9.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)形式：情態(tài)動詞（can,may,must.?等）+be+done考法3：考查主謂一致.（2019全國I卷?70）Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six（be）stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata..（2018全國I卷?64）Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit（be）moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming..（2017全國I卷?67）Evenworse,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood（be）fulloffatandsalt；byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.（1）一致原則：①主語從句、不可數(shù)名詞、單數(shù)名詞、表示距離、時間、金錢等的名詞、不定式（短語）或動名詞（短語）或不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。（2）當(dāng)主語后接介詞短語，如with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,like,ratherthan,but,except,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including,inadditionto等引起的短語，謂語動詞與第一個主語保持一致。若主語為單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.一致原則①主語從句、不可數(shù)名詞、單數(shù)名詞、表示距離、時間、金錢、重量、長度、價值等的名詞、不定式（短語）或動名詞（短語）或不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。②定語從句謂語動詞的數(shù)與其所修飾的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一致。2.就近原則①or,either...or,neither...nor,whether???or…，not???but??”notonly.??butalso...等連接并列主語時，謂語動詞通常和鄰近的主語保持一致。②在there/herebe句式中，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。3.就遠(yuǎn)原則①“名詞+介詞（短語）（如with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,like,ratherthan,but,except,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including,inaddition3）+名詞”等作主語，謂語動詞與第個名詞或代詞保持一致。4.意義一致①.集合名詞people,cattle,police,clothes等作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式②anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞…,.,,作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,...“許多”，thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞...，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?！薄臄?shù)量”，③“the+形容詞”表示某一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2020語法填空解題技巧⑵一考查非謂語動詞二、考查非謂語動詞：給出的提示詞是動詞：若句中已有謂語動詞，而無并列連詞或從句連詞，則考慮非謂語動詞形式.主動用doing/todo,被動用done/tobedone?？挤?:非謂語動詞作賓語.（2019全國1卷?67）Scientistshaverespondedby（note）thathungrybearsmaybecongregating（聚集）aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion（錯覺）thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare..（2019全國^卷?61）A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61（be）Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek..（2018全國I卷43）Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof（die）earlybyrunning..（2018全國I卷?64）Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid（look）directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged..（2017全國H卷?63）Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,（lay）thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop..（2017全國in卷?61）Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term （rest）..(2017全國HI卷?65)ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.給出的提示詞是動詞，若句中已有謂語，且設(shè)空處不是作并列謂語而是作介詞或動詞(短語)的賓語，應(yīng)用非謂語動詞doing/todo,主動關(guān)系用doing/todo;被動關(guān)系用beingdone/tobedone.牢記非謂語動詞作賓語的固定結(jié)構(gòu)：在介詞by,for,of,about,with,without,after等后應(yīng)用動名詞做賓語。下列動詞接+doing作賓語：admit,allow,advise,avoid,consider,escape,enjoy,keep,finish,include,involve,mind,miss,practise,recommend,suggest,feellike,getdownto等。③下列動詞接+todo作賓語:agree,afford,choose,decide,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,pretend,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike,determine等。goon,mean,forget,remember,regret,stop,try等可接動詞-ing形式或不定式做賓語。believe/consider/find/feel/think+it+adj,+todosth.中it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式?？挤?：非謂語動詞作狀語和補(bǔ)語一理清邏輯關(guān)系(2019全國HI卷?70)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.(2018全國1卷?62)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong(see)thebenefit.(2018全國^卷?64)Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.(2018全國^I卷?70)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme(stay)andwatch.(2017全國I卷?63)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(1)做狀語：①表目的、出乎意料的結(jié)果或形容詞后做狀語，用不定式；②表伴隨、時間或條件等要用現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞；③表自然而然的結(jié)果用現(xiàn)在分詞。⑵作補(bǔ)語：根據(jù)具體結(jié)構(gòu)用(to)do/doing/done.牢記5種用法：①不定式做賓補(bǔ)： allow,expect,advise,ask,beg,permit,tell,wish,forbid,persuade,invite,encourage,command,request等+sb.todosth.②感官動詞see/watch/observe/notice/lookat/hear/listento/feel...sb.dosth五看，兩聽，一感覺)；“三使”：使役動詞let/have/makesb.dosth使某人做某事；③have+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語：1)havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事；2)havesb./sth.doingsth.使某人/物一直做某事；3)havesth.done請人做某事，使…遭受，遭遇④主語+系動詞+形容詞(easy,hard,difficult,impossible,important等)+todo.⑤too+adjJadv.+todo或adj./adv.+enough+todo考法3：非謂語動詞作定語一關(guān)系分析法(2019全國^卷^65)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.(2019全國^卷?68)Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.(2016全國I卷?66)IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.提示詞是動詞，且句中已有謂語動詞，根據(jù)非謂語動詞與主語的邏輯關(guān)系確定用何種形式作定語。①若表將來的動作，用不定式todo；若表將來的被動動作，用不定式tobedone。②若與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞doing;若與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞done;若表被動且正在發(fā)生的動詞用beingdone.③看見thefirst,thesecond,thelast等序數(shù)詞thenext,theonly等以及thebest或“形容詞最高級+(名詞)”，用不定式todo作定語。④抽象名詞plan,ability,ambition,chance,opportunity,hope.idea,right,way,time,key,solution,promise,desire,wish等后常用動詞不定式作后置定語?？挤?：非謂語動詞作主語和表語一成分分析法(2019全國^I卷%2)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake(get)there.(2018全國^I卷%5)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel 《challenge).①句子中缺少主語，找到句子的謂語部分，確定應(yīng)用牢記用動詞ing形式/動詞不定式作主語的句型：Itisadj.(easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,impossible,practice)forsb.todosth.Itisadj.(kind,nice,good,clever,right,foolish,honest)ofsb.todosth.3.Ittakessb.+sometime/money+todosth.Itisnogood/nouse/fun/apleasure/nopleasure/awasteoftimedoingsth.Itisworthwhiledoingsth.=Itisworthwhiletodosth非謂語動詞做表語，設(shè)空前是系動詞(be,get,feel,seem,look,taste,smell等)時，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定用不定式或分詞做表語。2020語法填空解題技巧一給出提示詞⑶一名詞、形容詞、副詞、在語法填空中，所給的提示詞是形容詞或副詞，應(yīng)考慮詞性轉(zhuǎn)換或比較等級；所給的提示詞是名詞，則考慮詞性轉(zhuǎn)換或名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變化?？挤?.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換一分析句子成分，聯(lián)系構(gòu)詞法填形容詞或副詞？技巧1：作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語，填。技巧2:修飾動詞（短語）、形容詞、另一副詞、介詞短語或整個句子放在句首時，填。1.(2019全國I卷%2)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.2.(2019全國H卷?63)Heryearsofhardworkhave(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated^名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.3.2019全國^卷?70)Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's(wonder).”4.(2019全國n]^?67&68)Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere(huge)popularwithtourists.5.(2018全國I卷?69)Runningischeap,easyandit'salways(energy).6.(2018全國H卷?63)Atasteformeatis(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.7.(2018全國H卷?67)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.8.(2017全國I卷?69)However,_be(care)nottogotoextremes..（2017全國^卷?70）TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost（success）ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900..（2017全國n卷?66）Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen（fair）unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise..（2017全國皿卷?70）Itis_ ___ （certain）funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.技巧3：所給的詞是形容詞、副詞，詞性不需要變化時，根據(jù)句意和前后邏輯關(guān)系，確定句意表否定時，添加否定前綴（un-,im-,in-,il-,dis-等）或否定后綴（-less）變?yōu)槠浞戳x詞。.（2015廣東卷）（lucky）,healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.技巧4：根據(jù)句法結(jié)構(gòu)判斷填名詞：1.設(shè)空作主語或在及物動詞（短語）或介詞（短語）后作賓語，填名詞。2.做表語，表主語是“什么”，填名詞。（2）根據(jù)設(shè)空位置判斷：①在冠詞（+形容詞）后填名詞；②在“冠詞+of”結(jié)構(gòu)中填名詞；③在形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞、量詞（some,any,a10tof等）和形容詞之后，考慮填名詞。.（2019全國印卷?66）Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting（compete）towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit..（2018全國n卷46）Thisswitchhasdecreased（pollute）inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople..（2018全國in卷?66）MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma（science）_whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys..（2017全國n卷?69）Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe（introduce）ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts..（2017全國n卷.66）Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher（educate）.考法2.考查比較等級一利用標(biāo)志性詞確定比較等級.（2019全國1卷?68）Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating（聚集）aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion（錯覺）thatpopulationsare（high）thantheyactuallyare..（2018全國1卷?61）Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears-（long）thannon-runners..（2018全國小卷?63）Hescreamsthe（loud）ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme..（2017全國1卷?66）Even （bad）,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.提示詞是形容詞或副詞，根據(jù)語境和句意，該詞詞性不變，意思不變，則可能填該詞的原級、比較級或最高級。1.4類標(biāo)志詞確定答案：①設(shè)空后含有than……結(jié)構(gòu)時用比較級（比較級+than……）;含有as時可能用原級。②設(shè)空前有用來修飾比較級的詞語much,far,even,rather,any,alittle,abit,agreatdeal及倍數(shù)6而。?,threetimes）等時用比較級。③設(shè)空后有表示范圍的標(biāo)志詞“of/in/among+范圍”等時，用最高級。④設(shè)空前有oneofthe、the+序數(shù)詞、byfarthe等修飾詞，用最高級。2.利用固定句型①“the+比較級 the+比較級……”表"越……就越……”②比較級+and+比較級，表“越來越……”③“否定詞+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，表最高級含義。④倍數(shù)+能+形容詞/副詞原級+as3.利用隱含信息判斷：句中雖沒有than等標(biāo)識詞，但暗含比較級，也有比較級?？挤?.考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一利用標(biāo)志性詞確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù).（2018全國I卷?67）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesaday0fmnningreducedtherisk0fheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall_（cause）..（2017全國I卷?62）Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）asamethodoffightingheartdisease,,hashadsomeunintendedside（effect）suchasoverweightandheartdisease-theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight..（2017全國n卷?61）Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible（crowd）ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork..（2017全國IH卷?67）Shehasturneddownseveral（invitation）tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.1.利用名詞前的修飾語，確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。①不定冠詞a/an+單數(shù)名詞:名詞前有oneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞；名詞前有many,several,few,afew,anumberof,hundredsof,acoupleof,adozenof,all,some,both,other等表“多”的數(shù)量詞時,填復(fù)數(shù)名詞。④名詞前有超過1的基數(shù)詞，如two,three等時，填復(fù)數(shù)名詞。⑤名詞前有形容詞different,various等時，填復(fù)數(shù)名詞。2.利用謂語的數(shù)確定名詞的數(shù)⑥所填名詞作主語，且謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式are,were,have等，填復(fù)數(shù)名詞。⑦所填名詞作主語，且謂語動詞是單數(shù)，則填單數(shù)名詞。.牢記習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞或短語，如 belongings/possessions財物；congratulations祝賀；surroundings環(huán)境;goodmanners禮貌;taketurns輪流;takepains努力;inalldirections向四面八方;inruins成為廢墟;inhighspirits興致勃勃；livingconditions生活狀況等。.牢記常考的不可數(shù)名詞：advice（建議）,baggage/luggage（行李）,cash（現(xiàn)金）,courage（勇氣）,equipment（裝備），freedom（自由）,fun（樂趣）,furniture（家具）,health（健康）,wealth（財富）,homework（家庭作業(yè)）,housework（家務(wù)），information（信息），joy（高興），jewellery（珠寶），knowledge（知識）luck（運(yùn)氣），money（金錢）,progress（進(jìn)步）,scenery（風(fēng)景）,traffic（交通）,word（=news）消息,work（工作）,weather（天氣）,air（空氣）,bread（面包）,coffee（咖啡）,meat（肉）,paper（紙）,milk（牛奶）,1?2（茶）,water（水）等。2020語法填空解題技巧一沒有提示詞(4)—冠詞、代詞、介詞(短語)、動詞短語考法1：考查冠詞一基本用法是解題關(guān)鍵（2019全國I卷$9）Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixarestable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.（2018全國n卷?62）Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.（2018全國n]^?62）Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingattopotherlungs.（2017全國I卷?65）Asresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.（2017全國^卷?64）Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofovertop.6,（2017全國111卷?62）Instead,sheisearning6,500adayas modelinNewYork.考填冠詞的情況：確定填a,an還是the①用定冠詞the的情況：特指雙熟悉，上文已提及，世上獨一無二，專有名詞前，西洋樂器前，序數(shù)詞與最高級前。②用不定冠詞的情況：泛指一類人與物，和序數(shù)詞一起表“又一，再一”詞首字母讀元音，冠詞就要用an,其他一律用a。技巧1：填不定冠詞的情況：①“a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表一類人物；②“Han+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”③“a+比較級”表“更……”技巧2：填定冠詞的情況：①the+（定語）+名詞+of等介詞短語； ②the+（定語）+名詞+定語從句（表特指）；③the+（定語）+名詞+不定式份詞短語；④the+形容詞最高級”表“最……；⑤the+序數(shù)詞”表“第幾個”考法2：考查代詞一根據(jù)所作成分轉(zhuǎn)換代詞（給提示詞）或根據(jù)指代對象或句式填寫代詞。.（2018全國I卷?70）Runningischeap,easyandit'salwaysenergetic.Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry..（2018全國III卷?67）WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind（they）alive..（2017全國^卷?67）However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingeveryday,填代詞的情況：當(dāng)句子中缺少主語、賓語、表語和定語時，一般填代詞；確定填代詞之后，再看一下設(shè)空處所填代詞是否與前文提到的人或物有指代關(guān)系。作主語：人稱代詞主格（I,we,you,he,she,it,they）.作賓語：人稱代詞賓格（me,us,you,him,her,it,them）＞g詞性物主代詞（mine,your,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs）.③作表語：人稱代詞賓格或名詞性物主代詞。作定語：形容詞性物主代詞（my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their）如果賓語與主語是指同一人，用反身代詞（myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves）,同時注意數(shù)的變化。⑥填it的情況：作形式主語或形式賓語一定用it；指代前面提到的同一個事物或情況用it；固定搭配，如makeit（成功；按時到達(dá)）,getit明白，理解?？挤?：考查介詞（短語）和動詞短語一根據(jù)固定搭配.（2019全國印卷?63）Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingby_a,packdogsseventobeexact..（2018全國^卷?65）Cornuseslesswaterriceandcreateslessfertilizer（化肥）runoff..（2018全國印卷?67）IwassearchingthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving..（2017全國I卷?61）Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity醫(yī)學(xué)界） amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease-theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight..（2017全國n卷?62）Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandwork..（2017全國ni卷48）Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree engineeringorarchitecture.填介詞的情況：設(shè)空后沒有謂語動詞，而是名詞、代詞或動名詞或what從句，且它們不在句中作主語、表語，也不作動詞的賓語時，那就是作介詞的賓語，填介詞。（介詞+名詞、代詞或動名詞或what從句）2020語法填空解題技巧一沒有提示詞⑸—考查并列句和三大從句考法4：考查并列連詞一關(guān)系分析法+搭配+句型法.（2019卷II?67）IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67becauseIwantto.”.（2016全國ni卷?61）InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks..確定填并列連詞:無提示詞，若設(shè)空前后是并列的兩個并列的主謂完整的句子、單詞、短語等，可根據(jù)前后部分填恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞,.關(guān)系分析法：①表并列或順承關(guān)系用and；表選擇關(guān)系用or；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系用but,表因果關(guān)系用so（因此）或for（因為）；表對比關(guān)系用while。表并列關(guān)系：aswellas也;both and 兩者都;notonly butalso 不但…而且….③表選擇關(guān)系：either or 不是 就是 ;neither nor 既不 也不 ;not but 不是 而是 固定句式：祈使句+and/or+陳述句when作并列連詞常用的句型：beabouttodo…when…；bedoing…when…；beonthepointofdoing???when;had（just）done.??when…；hardly.??when??.等?？挤?：考查定語從句關(guān)系詞的用法一3步確定關(guān)系詞3.（2019全國II卷?62）NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,③缺少介詞的賓語：whom/which ④缺少定語：whose⑤缺少時間，地點或原因狀語時：分別用when,where,why考法6：考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞—成分分析法十句意理解法.（2019全國I^*61）Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencetheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada..（2018全國II卷?61）I'mnotsurethat ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorillaCfc猩猩）thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere..（2015卷II,70）Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlythicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.解題技巧：設(shè)空處無提示詞，先確定主句主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，在確定設(shè)空和設(shè)空后的內(nèi)容在主句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或同位語。技巧1：分析句子成分。①缺少主語，賓語，表語用連接代詞what,who,whom,which,whatever等。②缺少狀語，用連接副詞when俵時間）,where（表地點），why（表原因），how（表方式）等。③不缺成分，句意缺少“是否"用if/whether④不缺成分且句子意思完整用that.技巧2：結(jié)合句意和引導(dǎo)詞的本義解題。有些引導(dǎo)詞在句中有很鮮明地意義，如if是否；whoever無論誰；whatever無論什么；because因為；why為什么等。技巧3：牢記what與that的區(qū)別：that沒有詞義，不作任何成分；what在從句中表示“所…..的東西”，在句中作主語、表語、賓語、定語等成分?？挤?：考查狀語從句的連接詞一根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系和連詞含義解釋11.（2019全國印卷?61）Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraininghardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.12.（2016全國印卷?65）Overtime,thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.1.確定是狀語從句，設(shè)空前后兩個句子之間含有一定的邏輯關(guān)系時，應(yīng)用狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。2.牢記常考的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：時間狀語從句when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,every/eachtime,themoment/minute,hardly/scarcely...when.??，nosooner.than.原因狀語從句because,since,as,nowthat（=since既然，由于）地點狀語從句where,wherever（無論什么地方，不管哪里）目的狀語從句sothat（為了，以便）,inorderthat,incase（以防萬一），forfearthat結(jié)果狀語從句sothat（結(jié)果）,so…that,such…that（如此 以致）條件狀語從句if,unless（除非，如果不），aslongas（只要），solongas（只要），onconditionthat(如果)，incase(如果，萬一)讓步狀語從句although,though,as(狀語或表語要提到as前；作表