2022-2023年遼寧省撫順市大學英語6級大學英語六級測試卷(含答案)

2022-2023年遼寧省撫順市大學英語6級大學英語六級測試卷(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

______isatthecoreoftheArabworld.

2.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Who'sAfraidofGoogle?

RarelyifeverhasacompanyrisensofastinsomanywaysasGoogle,theworld'smostpopularsearchengine.Thisistruebyjustaboutanymeasure:thegrowthinitsmarketvalueandrevenues;thenumberofpeopleclickinginsearchofnews,thenearestpizzaparlororasatelliteimageoftheirneighbor'sgarden;thevolumeofitsadvertisers;orthenumberofitslawyersandlobbyists.

Suchanascentisenoughtoevokeconcerns--bothparanoid(偏執(zhí)的)andjustified.ThelistofconstituenciesthathateorfearGooglegrowsbytheweek.Televisionnetworks,bookpublishersandnewspaperownersfeelthatGooglehasgrownbyusingtheircontentwithoutpayingforit.TelecomsfirmssuchasAmerica'sAT&TandVerizonareannoyedthatGoogleprospers,intheireyes,byfree-ridingonthebandwidththattheyprovide;anditisabouttobidagainsttheminaforthcomingauctionforradiospectrum.ManysmallfirmshateGooglebecausetheyreliedonexploitingitssearchformulastowinprimepositionsinitsrankings,butdroppedtotheInternet'sequivalentofHadesafterGooglemodifiedthesealgorithms(運算法則).

Andnowcomethepoliticians.LibertariansdislikeGoogle'sdealwithChina'scensors.Conservativesmoanaboutitsuncensoredvideos.Butthebignewfearistodowiththeprivacyofitsusers.Google'sbusinessmodelassumesthatpeoplewillentrustitwithevermoreinformationabouttheirlives,tobestoredinthecompany's"cloud"ofremotecomputers.Someusersnowkeeptheirphotos,blogs,videos,calendars,e-mail,newsfeeds,maps,contacts,socialnetworks,documents,spreadsheets(電子數(shù)據(jù)表),presentations,andcredit-cardinformation--inshort,muchoftheirlives--onGoogle'scomputers.

Buttheprivacyproblemismuchsubtlerthanthat.AsGooglecompilesmoreinformationaboutindividuals,itfacesnumeroustrade-offs.Atoneextremeitcoulduseaperson'ssearchhistoryandadvertisingresponsesincombinationwith,say,hislocationandtheitineraryinhiscalendar,toserveincreasinglyusefulandwelcomesearchresultsandads.ThiswouldalsoallowGoogletomakemoneyfromitsmanynewservices.Butitcouldscareusersaway.Asawarning,PrivacyInternational,ahuman-rightsorganizationinLondon,hasberatedGoogle,chargingthatitsattitudetoprivacy"atitsmostblatantishostile,andatitsmostbenignisambivalent".

AndGooglecouldsoon,ifitwanted,compilefilesonspecificindividuals.Thispresents"perhapsthemostdifficultprivacyissuesinallofhumanhistory,"saysEdwardFelten,aprivacyexpertatPrincetonUniversity.Speakingformany,JohnBattelle,theauthorofabookonGoogleandanearlyadmirer,recentlywroteonhisblogthat"I'vefoundmyselfmoreandmorewary"ofGoogle"outofsomeprimal,lizard-brainfearofgivingtoomuchcontrolofmydatatoonesource."

MoreJPMorganthanBillGates

GoogleisoftencomparedtoMicrosoft;butitsevolutionisactuallyclosertothatofthebankingindustry.Justasfinancialinstitutionsgrewtobecomerepositoriesofpeople'smoney,andthusguardiansofprivateinformationabouttheirfinances,Googleisnowturningintoasupervisorofafarwiderandmoreintimaterangeofinformationaboutindividuals.Yes,thisappliesalsotorivalssuchasYahoo!andMicrosoft.ButGoogle,throughthesheerspeedwithwhichitaccumulates

A.enteredadesperatefuture

B.transferredadifferentattitudeonGoogle

C.droppedtothecompetitionofInternet

D.obtainedpredominanceintherankings

3.

Underthepressureandstressfromtheircareersandchildren,adultchildrentendto______.

A.pushtheirparentstogroupliving

B.dependontheirretiredparents

C.visittheirparentslessandlessoften

D.seekforpsychologicalconsultation

4.

InherbookRachelCarsonassertsthat"controllingnature"______anddoesnotnecessarilymean_______.

5.

Afterhavingtheweightlosssurgery,apersonwillnotsufferfromobesityanymore.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Peoplehadbettergiveprioritytotheretirementsavings,becausetheywillnot______whentheyareold.

7.

Unresolvedconflictcanbedestructivetotheperformanceofteams.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Ifmostemployeesoftentakebusinesstrips,thentheofficecouldbemuchsmaller.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Whenenrolledinatechnicalhighschooltoobtainbasicknowledgeofcasting,SoichiroHondafinallygotthediplomaafterattendingtheexaminations.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Withouttheprenuptialtalk,it'snotlikelythatcoupleshaveanactualplanfortheirlivestogether.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Sellershavetherighttorefusethedealiftheofferislowerthan______.

A.theminimumstartingbid

B.thereserveprice

C.theaveragemarketprice

D.thewholesalecost

12.

EvaluationsrevealthatAmericanyoungstersarenotobsessedwith______andinneedofreassurance.

13.

Driverscanbefreefromtheresponsibilityofhavingtofollowalongbehindsomeonewiththehelpof______.

14.Feldmancitedtheexampleofwildanimalstoshowthat______.

A.wildanimalsaregoodatprotectingtheirlife

B.deceivingformedintheprocessofevolution

C.humanbeingslieinthesamewayasanimals

D.modernpeoplearemoreselfishthananimals

15.

Recedinggumsisoftentheresultofhardtoothbrushing.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Alternativesentencingisalsocalled______.

17.

TheprofessorMichaelDertouzosguessedthatIndiacouldincreaseGDPbyatrilliondollarsintheflowingfewyearsbywayof______forWesterncompanies.

A.performingsecretwhite-collartasks

B.improvingmanagement

C.makingtechnologicalchange

D.installingnewtools

18.

Urbancenterslocatedalongriversresultinthefactthat______.

19.

Manypeopleexpectedthemedicinestheytooktobesafewhenthemedicinescostalot.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Theopeningofsocialnetworkmaynowaccelerateowingto______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：TelephonebooksintheUnitedStateshavewhite,blueandyellowpages.Thewhitepageslistpeoplewithphonesbythelastname.Thebluepagescontainnumbersofcityservices,governmentagenciesandpublicschools.Businessesandprofessionalservicesprelistedinaspecialsection,theyellowpages.Tomakealongdistancecall,youneedanareacode.EachareaintheUShasanareacode.TheareacoveredbyOneareacodemaybesmallorlarge.Forexample,NewYorkCityhasoneareacode.ButsodocstilewholeStateofOregon.Ifyouwanttoknowtheareacodeofaplace,youcanlookitupintheareacodemapwhichisprintedinthefrontofthewhitepages.TherearealotofpublietelephonesintheUS.Theyhavetheirownnumbers.Ifyouaremakingalongdistancecallonapublictelephoneandrunoutofmoney,givethenumberonyourphonetothepersonyou'retalkingto.Thenhangupthereceiverandhecancallyouback.Ifyoumakealongdistancecallandgetawrongnumber,calltheoperatorandexplainwhathappened.Thismeansthatyoucanmakethecallagaintotherightnumberwithouthavingtopaymoremoney.

(30)

A.Inthebluepages.

B.Inthewhitepages.

C.Intheyellowpages.

D.Inaspecialsection.

22.(16)

A.Asksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.

B.Askthewomanfordirections.

C.Showthewomanthemap.

D.Showthewomanwherethedormitoryis.

23.

【B9】

24.聽力原文：W:Idon'thavetimetotakethemedicalreporttothefamilydoctorforhavinganurgentmeetingthismorning.Couldyoutakeittohimforme?

M:Er...I'mafraidI'vetoomuchtodo.

Q:Whatdoestheman'sresponseimply?

(16)

A.He'snotsureifhecouldtakethereportforher.

B.Heistoobusytotakethereportforher.

C.Healwayshelpshernomatterwhetherhe'sbusyornot.

D.Hecouldtakethereportforherlaterthatday.

25.(25)

A.Days.B.Weeks.C.Months.D.Years.

26.聽力原文：What'sinstorefortechfansin20107Plenty.Technologyfanscanlookforwardtoproductsthatarebetter,fasterandlessexpensivethanthosewerelyupontoday.

TheiPhonemayhavebeenthebiggesttechproductexhibitionof2009,butthatdoesn'tmeanApple'scellphonewaswithoutflaws.(26)WhatwillAppleimprovewithiPhone2.07HowaboutaddingGPS,3G,ahigher-resolutioncamera,andsomefringebenefitthatmakeitappealingtothecorporatecrowd,includingfunctionwithmorewirelesscarriers?

Meanwhile,(27)withinitiativessuchasEnergyStar,thetechindustryhasbeenintheprocessofenvironmentalprotectionforsometime.Butthemovementisjustnowpickingupsteam.Withcomputersdrainingagoodbitoftheworld'senergyresources,expect2010tobetheyearthat(28)everyonefromcomputersystemmanufacturerstopowerstripcompanieswillrolloutproductsthatboastlowerenergyconsumptionthaneverbefore.

Finally,whileSonyandMicrosoftwerebusypumpinguptheshapeprowessoftheirpanels,Nintendoshockedthegame-playingcrowdin2009withtheWii,avirtual-realitydevicethatgetsplayersupoffthecouchandmovingaround.Expecttheotherpanelmakerstoproducetheirownform.ofinteractivegameplayin2010.ThesuccessoftheWiiwillnotgounchallenged,but(29)Nintendocanbepraisedformovingcomputer-basedgameplayinanewdirection.

(33)

A.AddingGPS,3G,ahigher-resolutioncamera.

B.Addingsomefringebenefitsthatmakeitappealing.

C.Includingoperabilitywithmorewirelesscarriers.

D.Usinglessexpensivebutpowerfulchips

27.

【B3】

28.聽力原文：W:Iheardontheradiothatnotonlyisitgoingtobesuperhottomorrowbutalsothehumidityisgoingwayup.

M:SoundslikeIamgoingtohavetofindanair-conditionedplacetobein.

Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?

(13)

A.Hewillsearchforanair-conditionerforhisplace.

B.Hewillfindaplacetofixanair-conditioner.

C.Hewilllookforaplacewithair-conditionertostayin.

D.Hewillhaveaplaceforair-conditioner.

29.(45)

30.聽力原文：W:OurPresident,sinceleavingofficefiveyearsago,hasspentahugeamountoftimepromotingAIDSawarenessandprevention.

M:ThatisthethingIhavebeendoing.

W:IknowyoujustcamebackfromJohannesburg,SouthAfrica,partofyoursix-nationtourofAfrica.

M:Right.Youknow,AfricahasbeenmoreaffectedbyAIDSthananyotherplaceintheworld.

W:Why?

M:Ithinkthat'spartlybecausetherewerenotsystemsinplacebothtopreventpeoplefromcontractingitandspreadingit.

W:Howisyourworkgettingon?

M:IthinkwearebeginningtomakesomeheadwaynotonlyinAfrica,butinotherplaceswhereit'saproblem.

W:Canyounamesome?

M:Itisspreadingworldwide,growingevenfasternowintermsoftherateofincreaseintheformerSovietUnionandtheCaribbean,India,China.

W:Iknowyourfoundationismakingagreatdealofprogress.Isitreasonabletoexpectthatitcanbebroughtundercontrol?

M:Well,yes,butyouhavetotakecareofeducationandpreventionandcareandtreatmentatthesametime,andthetwothingsspeedupeachother.

W:Howshouldweunderstandtheyspeedupeachother?

M:Whenyou'vegottotreatpeople,you'vegottoovercomeanykindofculturaldislike,talkaboutitandgetyoungpeopletobehaveresponsiblyandyou'vegottodowhateveryoucantogetasmanypeopletestedasquicklyaspossiblebutkeepinmindthatthisisadiseasethat'sonehundredpercentpreventable.

(20)

A.TravelinginSouthAfricatoseekmedicalhelp.

B.PromotingawarenessandpreventionofAIDS.

C.Visitingclientsandsigningcontracts.

D.Collectingfundforthenewbusiness.

31.(29)

A.Ahourricane'srightafterhiscar.

B.Aqueenbee'shiddeninhiscar.

C.Apoliceman'scar'srunningafterhiscar.

D.Hismumisgoingtopassaway.

32.(28)

A.Becausetheyaremadefrombeef.

B.Becausetheyarecheaperthananyotherkindoffood.

C.Becausetheyareservedquicklyandatalowprice.

D.BecausehamburgeristheonlyfastfoodinAmerica.

33.聽力原文：M:Mrs.Johnson,youmusttaketwopillseveryfourhourswithoutfail.Anddon'tforgettofinishthebottle.

W:Don'tworry,Doctor.IwanttogetwellasquicklyasIcan.

Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

(14)

A.Hesitatetotakeanypills.

B.Taketwopills.

C.Takeeightpills.

D.Takethedoctor'sadvice.

34.(32)

A.Around1600.B.Around1700.C.Around1800.D.Around1900.

35.聽力原文：W:Henry,whydon'twegoouttolunchtodayandvisitsomefriends?

M：Andmisstoday'sfootballgame?WashingtonandLosAngelesareplayingandthiswillbeoneofthebestgamesofyear.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(19)

A.Heisgoingtojoininthegame.

B.HeisgoingtoWashingtonandLosAngeles.

C.Hewantstowatchthefootballgame.

D.Hedoesn'tcareifhemissesthegame.

36.

【B10】

37.聽力原文：M:Whatdothecustomersthinkaboutournewoperatinginstruction?Istherestillanycomplaint?

W:They'veallsaidit'samajorimprovementoverthefirstversion.Itismoreconciseandeasytounderstand.

Q:Whathasbeendonetotheoperatinginstruction?

(16)

A.Ithasbeenexpanded.

B.Ithasbeensimplified.

C.Ithasbeencorrected.

D.Ithasbeenillustrated.

38.(43)

39.(22)

A.Acceptthejobofferfromthebookstore.

B.Acceptthejobofferfrom1BM.

C.IntheholidayworkinIBMandinthenextschoolyearworkinthebookstore.

D.Giveupbothoffersandfindanotheroneinthenextschoolyear.

40.

【B7】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

【C6】

42.

Accordingtothepassage,aharmlessrevengeisto______.

A.reacttothosewhobotheryou

B.amusethevictim

C.preventonefromdisturbingothers

D.burtnobodyemotionally

43.Ourbodiesarewonderfullyskilfulatmaintainingbalance.Whenthetemperaturejumps,wesweattocooldown.Whenourbloodpressurefalls,ourheartspoundtocompensate.Asitturnedout,though,ournaturalstateisnotasteadyone.Researchersarefindingthateverythingfrombloodpressuretobrainfunctionvariesrhythmicallywiththecyclesofsun,moonandseasons.Andtheirinsightsareyieldingnewstrategiesforkeepingawaysuchcommonkillersasheartdiseaseandcancer.Onlyonedoctorin20hasagoodknowledgeofthegrowingfieldof"chronotherapeutics,"thestrategicuseoftime(chronoa)inmedicine.ButaccordingtoanewAmericanMedicalAssociationpoll,threeoutoffourareeagertochangethat."Thefieldisexploding",saysMichaelSmolensky."Doctorsusedtolookatuslike,'Whatspaceshipdidyouguysgetoffof?'Nowthey'rethirstytoknowmore."

Inmedicalschool,mostdoctorslearnthatpeoplewithchronicconditionsshouldtaketheirmedicineatsteadyrates."It'saterriblewaytotreatdisease,"saysDr.RichardMartin.Forexample,asthmatics(氣喘患者)aremostlikelytosufferduringthenight.Yetmostpatientsstrivetokeepaconstantlevelofmedicineintheirblooddayandnight,whetherbybreathinginonaninhaler(吸入器)fourtimesadayortakingapilleachmorningandevening.Inrecentstudies,researchershavefoundthatalargemid-afternoondoseofabronchodilator(支氣管擴張劑)canbeassafeasseveralsmalldoses,andbetterforpreventingnight-timeattacks.

Ifthenightbelongstoasthma,thedawnbelongstohighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Heartattackstwiceascommonat9a.m.asat1lp.m.Partoftilereasonisthatourbloodpressurefallspredictablyatnight,thenpeaksaswestarttoworkfortheday."Doctorsknowthat",saysDr.HenryBlackofChicagoMedicalCenter,"butuntilnow,wehaven'tbeenabletodoanythingaboutit."Mostbloodpressuredrugsprovide18to20hoursofrelief.Butbecausethey'retakeninthemorning,they'releasteffectivewhenmostneeded."Youtakeyourpillat7andit'sworkingby9,"saysDr.WilliamWhiteoftheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenter."Butbythattimeyou'vegonethroughtheworstfourhoursofthedaywithnoprotection,"Bedtimedosingwouldpreventthatlapse,butitwouldalsopushbloodPressuretodangerouslylowlevelsduringthenight.

Accordingtothepassage,howdohumanbodiesmaintainbalance?

A.Theyadjustthemselvestimelyinlinewiththeirphysicalconditions.

B.Peopleincreaseorlowerthebodytemperaturebysweating.

C.People'sheartspoundtocompensatewhenthebloodpressuregoesup.

D.Ournaturalstateisnotasteadyone.

44.

ActionstakenbySiemensandotherfirmsshowdemandingforconsultancyis______.

45.Theword"laser"wascoinedasanacronymforLightAmplificationbytheStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Ordinarylight,fromtheSunofalightbulb,isemittedspontaneously,whenatomsormoleculesgetridofexcessenergybythemselves,withoutanyoutsideintervention.Stimulatedemissionisdifferentbecauseitoccurswhenanatomofmoleculesholdingontoexcessenergyhasbeenstimulatedtoemititaslight.

AlbertEinsteinwasthefirsttosuggesttheexistenceofstimulatedemissioninapaperpublishedin1917.However,formanyyearsphysiciststhoughtthatatomsandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneouslyandthatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchweaker.ItwasnotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWarthatphysicistsbegantryingtomakestimulatedemissiondominate.Theysoughtwaysbywhichoneatomormoleculecouldstimulatemanyotherstoemitlight,amplifyingittomuchhigherpowers.

ThefirsttosucceedwasCharlesH.Townes,thenatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.Insteadofworkingwithlight,however,heworkedwithmicrowaves,whichhaveamuchlongerwavelength,andbuiltadevicehecalleda"maser",forMicrowaveAmplificationbytheStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Althoughhethoughtofthekeyideain1951,thefirstmaserwasnotcompleteduntilacoupleofyearslater.Beforelong,manyotherphysicistswerebuildingmasersandtryingtodiscoverhowtoproducestimulatedemissionatevenshorterwavelengths.

Thekeyconceptsemergedabout1957.TownesandArthurSchawlow,atBellTelephoneLaboratories,wrotealongpaperoutliningtheconditionsneededtoamplifystimulatedemissionofvisiblelightwaves.Ataboutthesametime,similarideascrystallizedinthemindofGordonGould,thena37-year-oldgraduatestudentatColumbia,whowrotethemdowninaseriesofnotebooks.TownesandSchawlowpublishedtheirideasinascientificjournal,PhysicalReviewLetter,butGouldfriedapatentapplication.Threedecadeslater,peoplestillargueaboutwhodeservesthecreditfortheconceptofthelaser.

Theword"intervention"(Line3,Para.1)canbestbereplacedby______.

A.needB.deviceC.influenceD.reproduction

46.

Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,themanagershould______.

A.convertallpaperdocumentstoelectronicmedia

B.makemediaconversionwhennecessary

C.controlthemediausedtogenerateinformationbothinsideandoutsidehisorganization

D.useoneformatinprocessinginformation

47.

Inthelastparagraphtheauthorindicatesthat______.

A.nothingcanbedoneaboutviolenceinsports

B.footballplayersareconcernedaboutviolenceinsports

C.violenceinsportsisworsenowthaniteverwas

D.athletesareconfusedaboutwhatshouldbepermittedinsports

48.

Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorpresupposesthatthereaderwillregardacourseinliteratureasacourse______.

49.

Thewriter'sattitudetowardstheprospectoftheoceanis______.

A.desperateB.unconcernedC.optimisticD.pragmatic

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,orpatentit.Agrantedpatentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopoly(壟)andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiodterminates.Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesisthelifespanofapatentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessofevents.

ThelongestextensionevergrantedwastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolorTVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardfortheinvention.

Becauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtohepatentofficecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreeforanyonetouseand,ifolderthanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform.permanentlyinvalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasoforprint.Muchmodemtechnologicaladvanceisbasedonthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.

Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"new"ideasare,intact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,thatmakesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindtelevisionoriginatefromthelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.

Onlyunder______willthepatentperiodextendedwhenithasalreadyterminated.

51.

ThecomparativerarityofIOK-1meansthatsignificantchangesmusthaveoccurredintheuniverseoverthe60millionyearsthat______.

52.

AccordingtoTomDavenport,whatcantheconsultingindustrybedividedinto?

53.

Thephrase"drawsthelineat"(para.2)mostprobablymeans______.

A.startsB.suggestsC.enjoysD.refuses

54.

Thewriter'sattitudetowardsscienceis______.

A.criticalB.approvingC.neutralD.regretful

55.

【C7】

56.Ifpollutioncontinuestoincreaseatthepresentrate,formationofaerosols(浮質(zhì))intheatmospherewillcausetheonsetofaniceageinabout50years'time.Thisconclusion,reachedbyDr.S.I.RasoolandDr.S.H.Schneider,oftheUnitedStatesGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,answerstheapparentlyconflictingquestionofwhetheranincreaseinthecarbondioxidecontentoftheatmospherewillcausetheEarthtowarmuporincreasingtheaerosolcontentwillcauseittocooldown.TheAmericanshaveshownconclusivelythattheaerosolquestionisdominant.

Twospectershauntingconservationistshavebeentheprospectthatmeddlingwiththeenvironmentmightleadtotheplanet'sbecomingunbearablyhotorcold.Oneoftheseghostshasnowbeenlaid,becauseitseemsthatevenanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheretoeighttimesitspresentvaluewillproduceanincreaseintemperatureofonly2℃,whichwouldtakeplaceoverseveralthousandyears.Buttheotherproblemnowloomslargerthanever.

Aerosolsarecollectionsofsmallliquidorsolidparticlesdispersedinairorsomeothermedia.Theparticlesareallsotinythateachiscomposedofonlyafewhundredatoms.Becauseofthistheycanfloatintheairforaverylongtime.PerhapsthemostcommonlyexperiencedaerosolisindustrialsmogofthekindthatplaguedLondoninthe1950sandisanevengreaterprobleminLosAnglestoday.Thesecollectionsofaerosolsreflectthesun'sheatandtherebycausedtheEarthtocool.

Dr.RasoolandDr.SchneiderhavecalculatedtheexacteffectofadustaerosollayerjustabovetheEarth'ssurfaceonthetemperatureoftheplanet.Asthelayerbuildsup,thepresentdelicatebalancebetweentheamountofheatabsorbedfromthesunandtheamountradiatedfromtheEarthisdisturbed.Theaerosollayernotonlyreflectsmuchofthesun'slightbutalsotransmitstheinfraredradiationfrombelowalmostunimpeded.So,whiletheheatinputtothesurfacedrops,thelossofheatremainshighuntiltheplanetcoolstoanewbalancedstate.Within50years,ifnostepsaretakentocurbthespreadofaerosolsintheatmosphere,acoolingoftheEarthbyasmuchas3.5~Cseemsinevitable.Ifthatlastsforonlyafewyears,itwouldstartanothericeage,andbecausethegrowingicecapsateachpolewouldthemselvesreflectmuchofthesun'sradiation,itwouldprobablycontinuetodevelopeveniftheaerosollayerweredestroyed.TheonlybrightspotinthisgloomyforecastliesinthehopeexpressedbyDr.RascoolandDr.Schneiderthatnuclearpowermayreplacefossilfuelsintimetopreventtheaerosolcontentoftheatmospherefrombecomingcritical.

Whatisendangeringourplanetmoreurgentlyaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theamountofcarbondioxideincreasesintheatmosphere.

B.Thetemperatureincreasesduetotheliberationofcarbondioxide.

C.Theplanetisbecominghotbecauseofthecollectionofaerosols.

D.TheformationofaerosolscausestheEarthtocooldown.

57.

Questionsthatstillhavetobeansweredaboutthisnewminingventure______.

A.includeproblemsaboutproceduresforobtainingtheore

B.involveestimatesoftheprobablecost

C.mayhavetobereferredtotheUnitedNations

D.includequestionsabouttheprofitabilityoftheventure

58.

Theoscillatingwatercolumnproducespowerfrom______.

A.theturbinethatpowersthegenerator

B.thegeneratorthatproduceselectricity

C.thecylindersthatdrivestheturbine

D.theairthatescapesfromtheturbine

59.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Jerrywasthekindofguywhowasalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshadsomethingpositivetosay.Whensomeonewouldaskhimhowhewasdoing,hewouldr