孔子英文介紹

AGreateducator&

ThinkerConfucius&ConfucianismWinstonSunConfucius

(bornKongQiu,styledZhongNi)wasborninthevillageofZouinthecountryofLuin551B.C.,apoordescendantofadeposednoblefamily.Asachild,heheldmake-believetemplerituals;asayoungadult,hequicklyearnedareputationforfairness,politenessandloveoflearning,andhewasreputedtobequitetall.Hetraveledextensivelyandstudiedattheimperialcapital,Zhou,whereheissaidtohavemetandspokewithLaoZi,thefounderofDaoism.孔子(名秋字仲尼),魯國(guó)人，出生于551BC35歲，逃往齊國(guó)50歲，大政司司長(zhǎng)

56歲，離開齊國(guó)

67歲，回到魯國(guó)72歲，逝世

EducatorThinkerStatesmanPhilosopherFounderoftheConfucianschoolandConfucianism

SymbolofChineseculture2023/4/225educationEducationHeestablishedfirstprivateschoolinChinaandacceptedthestudentsfromeverywhere.Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature,Riding,ArcheryandMathematics(禮，樂，射，御，書，數(shù)）Hehave3000students.Amongthem,72becamefamousscholars.WinstonSunHisPhilosophyofEducationEducationtarget:thefirstpersontoopenaprivateschooltocommonpeopleCoursecontent:morality,properspeech,government,therefinedartsPedagogical[ped?'g?d?ik?l]

methods:Heposesquestions,orusesaptanalogies,andwaitsforhisstudentstoarriveattherightanswers.Educationgoal:tocreatesuperiormenHisPhilosophyofEducation有教無類。Inteachingpeople,thereisnodiscrimination(ofclass,type,etc.)學(xué)而不厭，誨人不倦。Learningwithoutsatiety,instructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.三人行,必有我?guī)熝桑簱衿渖普叨鴱闹?其不善者而改之。Whenthreemenarewalkingtogether,thereisonewhocanbemyteacher.Ipickoutpeople’sgoodandfollowit.WhenIseetheirbadpoints,Icorrecttheminmyself.HisPhilosophyofEducation溫故而知新,可以為師矣。Reviewingwhatyouhavelearnedandlearninganew,youarefittobeateacher.學(xué)而不思則罔,思而不學(xué)則殆。Learningwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutlearningendsindanger.知之者不如好之者，好之者不如樂之者。Topreferitisbetterthanonlytoknowit.Todelightinitisbetterthanmerelytopreferit.HisPhilosophyofEducation子貢問曰：“孔文子何以謂之‘文’也？”子曰：“敏而好學(xué)，不恥下問，是以謂之‘文’也。”ZiGongasked:“WhywasKongWenZicalled‘Wen’?”Confuciusreplied:“Hewasquickanddevotedtolearning,andnotashamedtoaskedthosebelowhim.Thatiswhyheiscalled‘Wen’”.知之為知之,不知為不知,是知也。Whatyouknow,youknow,whatyoudon‘tknow,youdon’tknow.Thisisknowledge.HisPhilosophyofEducation不憤不啟,不悱不發(fā)。舉一隅不以三隅反,則不復(fù)也。Ifastudentisnoteager,Iwon’tteachhim;ifheisnotstrugglingwiththetruth,Iwon'trevealittohim.IfIliftuponecornerandhecan’tcomebackwiththeotherthree,Iwon’tdoitagain.詩，可以興，可以觀，可以群，可以怨。AnaptquotationfromBookofPoetrycanstimulatetheimagination,endowonewithbreeding,enableonetoliveinacommunity,andgiveexpressiontogrievances.孔子的弟子介紹孔子\孔子杰出弟子英文.pptConfucius&ConfucianismAlsonamedasMasterKongHumanity（仁）Righteousness(義)Ritual（禮）Knowledge（智）integrity（信）Loyalty（忠）Filialpiety（孝）Top10keythinkersintheworld（1984）

aboutConfuciusGOLDENRULEWinstonSunMainarticle:Ren（

Humanity

）(aconceptcentraltoConfucianism)仁

Loveofpeople︰One’sparentsThepeopleEverythingintheworld(universallove)仁義禮智信不學(xué)禮無以立Don'tlearnritualindescribablemade身修而后家齊Thepersonsbeingcultivated,thefamilieswereregulated.家齊而后國(guó)治Thefamiliesbeingregulated,theStateswererightlygoverned.國(guó)治而后天下平TheStatesbeingrightlygoverned,theentireworldwasatpeace.

Li(禮)Lihastwomeanings:Propriety:asetofmannersorknowledgeofhowtobehaveinagivensituation.Ritual:whenlifeisdetailedtoConfuciuslengthsitbecomescompletelyordered.Li(禮)不學(xué)禮，無以立。Ifyoudon’tlearnliyouwillhavenostructure.道之以政，齊之以刑，民免而無恥；道之以德，齊之以禮，有恥且格。Ifyougovernthepeoplelegalisticallyandcontrolthembypunishment,theywillavoidcrime,buthavenopersonalsenseofshame.Ifyougovernthembymeansofvirtueandcontrolthemwithpropriety,theywillgaintheirownsenseofshame,andthuscorrectthemselves.Confucianism:Canon經(jīng)典FourBooks四書Analects

《論語》Mencius

《孟子》TheGreatLearning

《大學(xué)》TheMean

《中庸》己所不欲，勿施于人。Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.四海之內(nèi)皆兄弟也；AllMenAreBrothers.有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎；Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?德不孤，必有鄰；Virtueisnotlefttostandalone.Hewhopracticesitwillhaveneighbors.禮之用，和為貴。Themostvaluableuseoftheritesistoachieveharmony.Confucius’ssayings：2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。

三人行，必有我?guī)熝伞衿渖普叨鴱闹?，其不善者而改之?/p>

1.Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewideapart

性相近也，習(xí)相遠(yuǎn)也。2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。

三人行，必有我?guī)熝?。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之?/p>

言必信，行必果。

ConfucianquotesConfucianquotes1.Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewideapart。性相近也，習(xí)相遠(yuǎn)也。2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.言必信，行必果。

3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。三人行，必有我?guī)熝?。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之?.Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost;thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous.學(xué)而不思則罔，思而不學(xué)則殆。5.Ifamantakenothoughtaboutwhatisdistant,hewillfindsorrownearathand.

人無遠(yuǎn)慮，必有近憂。

6.Thosewhosecoursesaredifferentcannotlayplansforoneanother.道不同，不相為謀。

TheMastersaid,Tolearn

and

thendo,isnotthatapleasure?Whenfriendscomefromafardowenotrejoice?Toliveunknownandnotfret,isnotthattobeagentleman?子曰：學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎？人不知而不慍，不亦君子乎？三人行必有我?guī)熝?。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之。Whentravelingincompanyoftwootherpeople,Icouldfindmyteachers;Iwouldlearnfromtheirgoodpointsandguardagainsttheirbadones.Confuciussaid，“Hecanbeateacherwhofindswhatisnewinreviewingwhatisold.”子曰：“溫故而知新，可以為師矣?！盋onfuciussaid，“Hecanbeateacherwhofindswhatisnewinreviewingwhatisold.”子曰：“溫故而知新，可以為師矣?！盜ntelligentandfondoflearning,hewasnotashamedtoaskandlearnfromhisinferiors.敏而好學(xué)，不恥下問。Philosophy

-“Whatonedoesnotwishforoneself,oneoughtnottodotoanyoneelse;whatonerecognizesasdesirableforoneself,oneoughttobewillingtogranttoothers."(ConfuciusandConfucianism,RichardWilhelm)ConfuciusIsaGreatThinker.WinstonSun孔子與老子思想比較異同孔子和老子是古代中國(guó)偉大的思想家和教育家，他們的教育思想集中體現(xiàn)在其代表作《論語》和《老子》中?？鬃拥乃枷牒诵氖牵褐匾暋叭省薄?qiáng)調(diào)“禮”，主張“中庸之道”；老子的思想核心是“道”，主張“道法自然”，提倡自然之道，尊重自然，回到自然的狀態(tài)，老子的思想中處處滲透著“自然主義”?？鬃雍屠献釉趯?shí)現(xiàn)普遍和諧的路徑上雖然都提出了獨(dú)特的見解，并且殊途同歸，但畢竟在思維方式和理論的詮釋上存在一定的分歧。二戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)觀念老子和孔子都是生活在春秋時(shí)期。那時(shí)諸侯爭(zhēng)霸，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)十分頻繁。孔子和老子在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)觀上有相同的觀點(diǎn)：反對(duì)暴力、擁護(hù)正義戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、主張“慎戰(zhàn)”。但在方法論上卻有明顯的區(qū)別。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)觀念孔子孔子十分強(qiáng)調(diào)軍事教育的必要性和重要性孔子認(rèn)為勇主要是來自于對(duì)“義”的追求。孔子所謂“義”，一是指仁義，另一方面是指禮義，只有懂得“義”，戰(zhàn)士們不僅勇敢，而且還會(huì)“死而無怨”。老子老子認(rèn)為各種事物都有對(duì)立面。如“禍兮，福之所倚；福兮，禍之所伏”等等。提出“柔弱勝剛強(qiáng)”的反命題?！吧苿贁痴?，不與”，善于勝敵的人，不與敵人短兵相接要求從戰(zhàn)略上取勝。

(二)孔子：最具特色的是因材施教和循循善誘；老子：最具特色的教學(xué)方法是“不言之教”。教育方法OneofthemostfamouspeopleinancientChina——ThisChinesemanwasawell-knownleaderinphilosophyandhealsomademanywisephrasesandtheoriesaboutthelaw,life,ConfuciusisfamousforhisphilosophybecausehemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.Confucius三孔1.ConfuciusTemple(孔廟）2.ConfuciusMansion（孔府）3.ConfuciusForest（孔林）ShandongQufuConfuciantempl