高三英語閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解課件(共18張)

ReadingComprehension-閱讀理解Readingcomprehension主旨和要義（主旨大意題）理解文章的基本結構（邏輯結構題）理解文中具體信息（細節(jié)理解題）根據(jù)文中信息做出判斷和推理(推理判斷題)猜詞義題理解作者的意圖，觀點和態(tài)度Step1Revisiongoals(復習目標）1.讓學生理解細節(jié)理解題正確選項和錯誤選項的設置方法。2.通過練習，讓學生掌握細節(jié)理解題的解題技巧。Step2Interpretationoftestpoints(考點解讀）

細節(jié)理解題在15道閱讀理解題中占據(jù)半壁江山，以選擇題的形式呈現(xiàn)。

Step3專題整合

&（和）Step4Practicerelatedtotheimportantpoints

（考題講練）

第一講細節(jié)理解題解題策略題型概述細節(jié)理解題解直接信息型語義理解型圖文轉換型是非辨別型事實排序型數(shù)字計算型[典例1]

(2019·全國卷Ⅰ·C篇)...Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic－likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

30．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It'llbeenvironment－friendly.B．It'llreachconsumerssoon.C．It'llbemadeofplastics.D．It'llhelpspeeduptyping.解析B根據(jù)題干“研究者對于智能鍵盤有什么期望”及關鍵詞“expect”與最后一句中“hope”的呼應，可直接定位到最后一句話“該團隊希望在不久的將來，將智能鍵盤推向市場”。故選B。1.定位對比破解直接信息題解題指導：審讀題干，提取關鍵信息→速讀定位原文→比對選項與文中細節(jié)，得出答案。1[典例2]

(2019·全國卷Ⅰ·A篇)...SummerEmploymentOpportunities(機會)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.

23．Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A．JobsforYouth.B．SummerCompany.C．StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D．SummerEmploymentOpportunities.

解析D根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞“thedisabled(殘疾人)”可直接定位到最后一則暑期工作公告中的“personswithadisability”兩者屬于典型的同義詞替換，故選D。2.同義互釋破解間接信息題解題指導審讀題干，提取關鍵信息→速讀定位原文，將試題信息與原文信息進行語義轉換(同義或近義詞語)→逐一核對選項，仔細辨別，得出答案。[典例3]

(2018·江蘇高考·A篇)...Admission$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊)onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult....56．Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A．$12. B．$37.C．$50. D．$62.解析C根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Howmuch和pay可迅速定位到原文信息$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloistersonthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.可知，成人票價25美元，12歲以下兒童在大人的陪同下免費。因而11歲的女孩和其父母只需支付兩張成人票款即可。通過計算可知答案應為C項。3.整合推算破解數(shù)字計算題解題指導審讀題干，提取關鍵信息→定位原文中包含該信息的相關段落→運用數(shù)學公式進行推算，得出答案。[典例4]

Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(過敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.

Izzy'smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather'schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按壓)untiltheambulancearrived.Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said,“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn'tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”“She'salittlestar，”saidDebbie,“IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan'tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe'vegottoseeanexpert.”TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled,preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.

What'stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm.②Debbiecalled999.③IzzylearnedCPR.④Colm'sheartstopped.A．③①②④B．④②③①C．③④②①D．④③①②解析通過速讀原文我們可知第一件事是Colm'sheartstopped，而最后一件事是IzzykickedColm，故答案為B項。

4.首尾定位破解細節(jié)排序題解題指導審讀題干和四個選項的內(nèi)容→利用首尾，排除掉部分選項，縮小范圍→如排序內(nèi)容較多，再查看剩余選項的異同處，進一步縮小范圍；如排序內(nèi)容較少，一般即可快速得出答案。PracticeAnewly-publishedstudyhasshownthatlonelinesscanspreadfromonepersontoanother,likeadisease.ResearchersusedinformationfromtheFraminghamStudy,whichbeganin1948.TheFraminghamStudygathersinformationaboutphysicalandmentalhealth,personalbehavioranddiet.Atfirst,thestudyinvolvedabout5,000peopleintheAmericanstateofMassachusetts.Now,morethan12,000individualsaretakingpart.InformationfromtheFraminghamStudyshowedearlierthathappinesscanspreadfrompersontoperson.Socanbehaviorslikelitteringandtheabilitytostopsmoking.UniversityofChicagopsychologistJohnCacioppoledtherecentstudy….1.WhatistrueabouttheFraminghamStudy?Itwasonlyconductedin1948.Itinvolvesmorethan12,000participants.C.ItwasledbyJohnCacioppo.D.Itshowedthatanybehaviorcouldspread.★偷梁換柱張冠李戴擴大化UniversityofChicagopsychologistJohnCacioppoledtherecentstudy.Heandotherresearchersattemptedtoshowhowoftenpeoplefeltlonely.Theyfoundthatthefeelingoflonelinessspreadthroughsocialgroups.Havingasocialconnectionwithalonelypersonincreasedthechancesthatanotherindividualwouldfeellonely.Infact,afriendofalonelypersonwas52%morelikelytodevelopfeelingsofloneliness.Afriendofthatpersonwas25%morelikely.Theresearcherssaythisshowsthatapersoncouldindirectlybeaffectedbysomeone’sloneliness.2.Ifyouareafriendofalonelyperson,youmay____be52%morelikelytohaveotherlonelyfriends.be25%morelikelytohavesocialconnectionwithothers.onlyhavelonelyfriends.beaffectedandfeellonelymoreeasily.★偷梁換柱偷梁換柱絕對化Theeffectwasstrongestamongfriends.Neighborswerethesecondmostaffectedgroup.Theeffectwasweakeronhusbandsandwives,andbrothersandsisters.Theresearchersalsofoundthatlonelinessspreadmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen.TheNewYorkTimesnewspaperreportsthat,onaverage,peopleexperiencefeelingsoflonelinessabout48daysayear.Italsofoundthateveryadditionalfriendcandecreaselonelinessbyaboutf