新西蘭人文地理

新西蘭人文地理第1頁/共46頁Latitudes:29。-53。SLongitudes:165。-175。E第2頁/共46頁FiJiTongaAustralia塔斯曼海Thepacificocean太平洋Area:268,021

km2

Coastline:6,900kmHalfwaybetweentheequator(赤道）andSouthPole（南極洲）裴濟(jì)湯加IslandnationAntarctica（南極洲）第3頁/共46頁separatebycookstrait(庫克海峽)斯圖爾特島Capital,thelargestcityNewZealandismadeupoftwomainislandsandanumberofsmallerislands,第4頁/共46頁1.GeographyandLandNorthIsland:MountainsVolcanoes(extinct&active)Skifields滑雪場

Thermalregions（熱區(qū)）VolcanoesSouthIsland:TheSouthernAlps,amassivemountainchainrunningalmostthefulllengthoftheSouthIsland.第5頁/共46頁NewZealand'snorthislandcentralhasalongmountains,likeabackbone,throughtheisland,willbebroadfarmlandspaceinbothsides.ThemostprominentcentralnorthislandstructureisVolcanicandgeothermalmovementactivevolcanoPlateau.Southislandalsohasaridge,thatistheSouthernAlps,overlookingtheOtagoandthesouthislandeastofthelargefluctuationoffarmland,andofflatCanterbury.新西蘭北島的中部有一條綿長的山脈，猶如脊梁般貫通全島，將廣闊的農(nóng)田分隔在兩邊。北島中部最突出的構(gòu)造是火山和地?zé)徇\(yùn)動活躍的火山高原（VolcanicPlateau）。南島也有一條山脊，那就是南阿爾卑斯山（SouthernAlps），遙望著奧塔哥（Otago）和南島東部的大片起伏的農(nóng)地，以及一馬平川的坎特伯雷平原（CanterburyPlains）。NorthislandandsouthislandareabelongstotheAustralianplate,southislandislocatedintheotherpartsofthePacificplate.Thesetwoplatesconstantlydriftandextrusion,makeNewZealandgeologicalactivitiesareveryfrequent.北島和南島部分區(qū)域?qū)儆诎拇罄麃啺鍓K，南島的其它部分則位于太平洋板塊。這兩大板塊之間不斷地飄移和擠壓，使得新西蘭的地質(zhì)活動非常頻繁。VolcanicPlateau第6頁/共46頁GeographyandLandMaritimedominatedbytwogeographicalfeatures1)themountains2)theseamildtemperature:

slow-to-changeseatemperatures

moderaterainfall:

prevailingwesterly

abundantsunshine

第7頁/共46頁Constitutionalmonarchy君主立憲制Monarch君主，最高統(tǒng)治者第8頁/共46頁TheMāorioriginatedwithsettlersfromeasternPolynesia,whoarrivedinNewZealandinseveralwavesofcanoevoyages.第9頁/共46頁Total;4millionOnequarterofchildrenliveinone-parentfamilies.About85%NewZealandersliveincitiesandtowns,andabout74%liveinthenorthisland,muchofthecountryistoomountainforpeopletolive.NewZealandtotallyhave4,445,436

(122nd)（2012

estimate）people,moreonequarterofthepopulationliveinAuckland.第10頁/共46頁mmTheclimateistemperatemaritime(溫帶海洋性氣候):Thecountyisverynarrow(狹窄的），noplaceismorethan120KMfromthesea.NewZealandisalandofmicroclimates(微氣候).Lush（豐富的）rainforests（雨林）resideremarkably（顯著地）nearthearidterrain（干旱地帶）ofhighcountrysheepstations.SeasonsareoppositetotheNorthernHemisphere,(南半球）withJanuaryandFebruarythewarmestmonthsandJulythecoldest.第11頁/共46頁GDPCompositionbySectorin2000PrimaryIndustrySecondaryIndustryTertiaryIndustryU.S.A.2%18%80%Canada3%31%66%Australia3%26%71%NewZealand8%23%69%Economy第12頁/共46頁ForeignTradeProductsforexportForeignMarketBefore1970sAgriculturalandlivestockproductsGreatBritainAfter1970sAgriculturalandmanufacturedproducts;serviceAustralia;EuropeanUnion;Japan;U.S.AEconomy第13頁/共46頁TheWorld’sBiggestFarmEconomy三力羊絨第14頁/共46頁NewZealandisamodern,prosperousdevelopedcountry。新西蘭是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代、繁榮的發(fā)達(dá)國家。Animalhusbandrydeveloped,itisNewZealandeconomicbasis,NewZealandagricultureandanimalhusbandryproductsexportsaccountfor50%ofthetotalexports.畜牧業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)，是新西蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)，新西蘭農(nóng)牧產(chǎn)品出口量占其出口總量的50%.NewZealandistheworld‘slargestproducerandexporterofPilosDeerHorn,production30%oftheworld’stotal.新西蘭還是世界上最大的鹿茸生產(chǎn)國和出口國，生產(chǎn)量占世界總產(chǎn)量的30%。Themaincropsarewheat,barley,oats,fruit,etc.Foodcan'tself,needtobeimportedfromAustralia.主要農(nóng)作物有小麥、大麥、燕麥、水果等。糧食不能自給，需從澳大利亞進(jìn)口第15頁/共46頁Forestryandfishingconstitutenewnaturalresource-basedindustrieswithexcitingpotentialforfurtherdevelopment.ForestscovermorethanaquarterofNewZealand.Forestsproductsareimportantearnerofoverseasfunds.Australia,JapanandKoreaarethelargestcustomers.林業(yè)和漁業(yè)構(gòu)成新的自然資源型產(chǎn)業(yè)與令人興奮的發(fā)展?jié)摿?。森林覆蓋超過四分之一的新西蘭。森林產(chǎn)品是重要的海外資金來源。澳大利亞、日本和韓國是最大的客戶。Oneofthelargestfishingareasintheworld,NewZealand’sExclusiveZoneextends200nauticalmilesoutfromthelowwatermarkaroundNewZealand.其中一個(gè)最大的漁業(yè)水域的世界,新西蘭的專屬區(qū)延伸200海里的低水位標(biāo)志在新西蘭。專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)是指一國獨(dú)享捕魚和開發(fā)礦藏權(quán)的海域。新西蘭專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)是世界第四大專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，該區(qū)內(nèi)有近千種豐富的魚類，其中1/10具有商業(yè)價(jià)值。第16頁/共46頁WhatisNewZealandFamousfor?tradesurplus貿(mào)易順差amid在……中間；處于……環(huán)境中；由于存在……情況deficit赤字第17頁/共46頁Image:clean,greenandenvironmentalfriendlyReputation:interestinggeologicalhistoryuniquefloraandfaunastrongsupportforanti-nuclearmovementandwomen’srightsmainexporterofmeatanddairyproductsfamoustourists’attractionsMaoripeopleandtheirculture第18頁/共46頁ReligionsInNewZealand,religionisamatterofindividualconscience.SchoolsofChristianity:Anglican英國國教圣公會

Methodist衛(wèi)理公會

Presbyterian長老會

RomanCatholic天主教Otherfaiths:Buddhism佛教

Hinduism印度教

Islam伊斯蘭教

Judaism猶太教第19頁/共46頁Education

Compulsoryeducationbetween6-16EachschoolgovernedbytheboardoftrusteesSecondaryschool:12-13Co-educationalschoolsorsingle-sexschoolCorrespondenceSchools:distanceeducation第20頁/共46頁Aucklanduniversity奧克蘭大學(xué)EducationinNewZealandiscompulsorybetweentheagesof6and16,andtuitioninstateschoolsisfreetoNewZealandresidents.新西蘭義務(wù)教育年齡在6到16,新西蘭居民的學(xué)費(fèi)在公立學(xué)校是免費(fèi)的,。Masseyuniversity(梅西大學(xué)

VictoriaUniversityofWellington惠靈頓維多利亞大學(xué)第21頁/共46頁Lincolnuniversity林肯大學(xué)第22頁/共46頁

Unionjack聯(lián)合王國國旗；英國國旗TheUnionJackisthenationalflagoftheUnitedKingdom.Itconsistsofabluebackgroundwithredandwhitecrossesonit.ColonytraditionalrelationshipMemberstatesofthecommonwealth(英聯(lián)邦成員國)ThefourstarsrepresentSouthernCross（南十字星座）,ShowthatNewZealandislocatedinthesouthernhemisphere（南半球）,andsymbolofindependenceandhope

/v-f87a17fc-da3d-11e1-b140-a4badb469111.html新西蘭的山與水第23頁/共46頁Crux南十字星座Sheaf麥捆Silver銀幣Fern蕨類植物Fleece羊毛Commonwealth聯(lián)邦Crown皇冠ancestry祖先Warrior戰(zhàn)士Ceremonial儀式Spear槍，矛Hammer錘子Mining礦業(yè)Scroll獸皮卷軸國徽national

emblem第24頁/共46頁TheMaorisandMaoritangaMaoritanga:MaoricultureBelief:theskyfatherandtheearthmother.PerformingArts:KapaHakadanceCarving（雕刻）:whakapapatreeEtiquette（禮節(jié)）:

Hongi鼻觸禮,akindofnose-to-nosegreetingIdentity特征:Tattoo紋身

第25頁/共46頁P(yáng)olitics

Constitutionalmonarchy君主立憲制Parliamentarydemocracy議會民主制Nowrittenconstitution成文憲法SymbolicHead:theQueenandherrepresentative眾議員,theGovernor-General總督Threebranchesofgovernment第26頁/共46頁MMP(MixedMemberProportional)

ElectoralSystem

混合比例代表選舉制

PartyVotedeterminestheshareofeachpartyintheParliament.ElectorateVotedetermineswhowillrepresentaparticularelectorateintheParliament.Politics第27頁/共46頁InNewZealandtourismmajorhassixfeaturesprojects:Fishing,playinggolf,walkorbiketravel,aquaticsports,Adventureactivities,enjoytheuniquenaturalscenery.在新西蘭旅游主要有六大特色項(xiàng)目：釣魚、打高爾夫球、步行或單車旅行、水上運(yùn)動、探險(xiǎn)活動、欣賞獨(dú)特的自然風(fēng)光。

第28頁/共46頁第29頁/共46頁wine冒險(xiǎn)之都第30頁/共46頁AucklandisNewZealand'slargestcity,hasthehighestrateofprivateshipsintheworld,knownasthe"sailingcapital".Anaverageofthreefamilieshaveaboat.Theworld'sfourth-largestcity.

奧克蘭是新西蘭第一大城市，是全世界擁有私人船只比率最高的城市，有“帆船之都”的美譽(yù)。平均3戶人家就有一條船。世界第四大城市。

MountEden(伊甸山)Aucklandharborbridge庫克蘭港灣大橋第31頁/共46頁奧克蘭天空塔Aucklandskytower第32頁/共46頁MountainCook庫克山第33頁/共46頁LakeTaupo(陶波湖)第34頁/共46頁第35頁/共46頁NativebirdsandplantsLongtimeisolationhashelpedtheevolutionoftheuniquefaunaandflora.Birdsdon’tfly.

Nationalbird:KiwiFamousbirds:moa恐鳥(wingless),kakapo鸮鸚鵡

(therarestan