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2021-2022年寧夏回族自治區(qū)吳忠市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Married,WithMoney
Youfightoverfinances,right?Here'showtokeepthecashandthepassion.
BrianGreenbergisacollegefinancialplanner,butonarecentmorninghefeltmorelikeamarriagecounselor.Thecouplesittinginhisoffice,nearCherryHill,NewJersey,wasseekingadviceaboutapplyingforfinancialaidfortheman'ssonfromapreviousmarriage."Whentheywalkedin,"Geenbergrecalls,"Icouldfeelthehostility."
Theincomefromthewife'sbusiness,whichshehadstartedbeforetheymarried,wasmodest,butitwasjustenoughtolimittheamountofaidthesoncouldreceive.Thehusbandwantedhertoincorporatetoreducetheirincome,therebyallowingthesontoqualifyformoreaid.Shedidn'twanttogothroughthecomplicatedincorporationprocess,butfeltpressuredbyherhusband."Hewassaying,'I'mentitledtodowhatIwantbecauseI'mmakingthemoneythatpaysthebills,'"recallsGreenberg."Thatkindofthinkingunderminesarelationship."
Muchofthistypeofanimosity(仇恨)canbeavoidedifonlycoupleswouldtalkaboutmoneybeforetheygetmarried,saysMaryClaireAllvine,acertifiedfinancialplannerinChicagoandAtlantaandco-authorofThe7MostImportantMoneyDecisionsYou'llEverMake.Withoutthistalk,it'sunlikelythatcoupleshaveanactualplanfortheirlivestogether.
StudieshaveshownthatdisagreementsovermoneyaretheNo.1causeoffrictioninamarriage.Andforsome,they'retheNo.1reasonfordivorce.
Sowhycansomecouplesweatherfinancialupsanddownswhileotherssplitoverahouseholdbudget?Thekeytosuccessistofindthecommonground—thesharedvaluesabouthow,aspartners,youwanttoliveyourJivestogether.Herearesometipsforexecutingamoneyplanwithoutlosingthepassion.
Thinkbigandputitinbuckets.Aftercoupleshavepaidtheirfixedexpenses,theyoftenfindthemselvesdisagreeingoverhowtospendwhat'sleft-payoffthecreditcardsorgetthatHDTVoneofthemhasbeencraving.
Toavoidsuchclashes,talkaboutyourdreams.Allvine'sresearchsayscoupleswhodon'tgetboggeddownwithday-to-daybudgetingdetailsareusuallythemostsuccessfulwiththeirmoney."Youcan'tsaytothespender,Okay,youcanonlyspend$50amonth.It'slikeputtingpeopleonadietwheretheycanlastforawhilebutthentheyjustbingeandeataloafofbread.Thespenderwillsay,"I'llcutback.Andthentheystartcuttingouttheextracupofcoffee.Butit'srarelythecoffeethatputsthemindebt.It’sthehometheycan'taffordortheeartheyshouldn'tbedriving."
Allvinerecommendssortingyourbigdreams-startingabusiness,owningahome,savingforavacation-intocategories,orbuckets."Whenyounamethebucket,youknowwhatthatmoneyisfor,andyouwon'tuseitforanythingelse.That'showcouplesgettotheirgoals-theypaythemselvesfirstforthebigthings."
Everyoneneedstheprenuptial(結(jié)婚前的)talk.Astoday'scouplesmarrylater,orremarry,theyfacebigchallengescombiningresources.Onespousemaybringchildrenfromapreviousmarriage;anothermightbecaringforelderlyparents.Thenew-thinksays,richornot,youmayneedaprenuptialagreement."Itmakessensetothinkthingsthroughearlyon,"saysMellodyHobson,presidentofArielCapitalManagementinChicago.
ButCarrieSchwab-Pomerantz,co-author,withherfather,CharlesSchwab,ofItPaystoTalk,hasadifferenttake:"Noteveryoneneedstosignaprenuptialdocument-buteveryoneshouldhavetheprenuptialconversation."
Thepoint,saysSchwab-Pomerantz,istogetanideaofeachother'smoneypersonality."Ifsomeonehasalotofdebt,thatcanreflectsomepersonalityissuesthathisorherpartnerneedstoknowabout.Howyoudealwithmoneyisareflection
A.YB.NC.NG
2.
HurricaneAndrewwasthesecondcostliestnaturaldisasterintheUnitedStates.
3.
Thedevelopmentofthehydrogenstationnetworkwouldbegreatlyaffectedbytheprocessof__________________ofstoragetechnology.
4.
SomecarrierspushedtheirvoicetrafficovertheInternetbecause______.
5.
Beingavolunteerishelpfulbecausevolunteerassignmentscanprovideyouwithchancestomeet______people.
6.
Theauthordoesanassessmentofallhigh-riskurbanareasintheU.S.
A.YB.NC.NG
7.
Whichofthefollowingcanhelpyousleepbetter?
A.Orangeandbakingsoda.
B.Onionandcelery.
C.Almondsandsesameoil.
D.Oilandbakingsoda.
8.
Whatisthemainfunctionofcyanobacteria?
A.Tomakemoreduststorms.
B.Tokeepthesoilflying.
C.Tokeepthesoiltotheground.
D.Tocreatemorerocks.
9.
SomeoftheSun'sradiationthatisabsorbedbytheEarth'ssurfacebecomesheatenergyintheform.of______.
10.Childrenshouldlearnmoreresponsibilityfortheirhealththroughclassesin______.
11.Whenpeoplemanagetogetawaywithlying,manyofthem______.
A.areproudofthemselves
B.willmakelyingahabit
C.feelashamedandguilty
D.areheldingreataffection
12.
Nuclearpowercanbeutilizedasanelectricalpower,butitmaybecomeasourceofearthquakes.
A.YB.NC.NG
13.
Accordingtoageneraldefinition,amaturetreewouldbeatleast______.
14.
Sincetaughenedglasscanreplaceshuttersindowntownstores,itprovidesthestorewith______.
15.FortheentireIditarodrace,asleddogteamhastoeatsomuchasto______.
16.
Sociolectsoftendevelopduetosocialdivisionswithinasociety,suchasthoseof______.
17.
Theconfusioninpiconetswill______merelyatinyfractionofasecond.
18.
Peopletendtousecaloriewhenreferringtofoodkilocalorie.
A.YB.NC.NG
19.
OnAugust3Vegaheldherfirstonlineconcertatwhichsheinteractedwithherfansinacompletelycomputer-fabricatedworld.
A.YB.NC.NG
20.TheGeodesicDome(圓頂層)—theHouseoftheFuture?
R.BuckminsterFullerspentmuchoftheearly20thcenturylookingforwaystoimprovehumanshelterbyapplyingmoderntechnologicalknow-howtoshelterconstruction,makingsheltermorecomfortableandefficient,andmoreeconomicallyavailabletoagreaternumberofpeople.
Afteracquiringsomeexperienceinthebuildingindustryanddiscoveringthetraditionalpracticesandperceptionswhichseverelylimitchangesandimprovementsinconstructionpractices,Fullercarefullyexaminedandimprovedinteriorstructureequipment,includingthetoilet,theshower,andthebathroomasawhole.Hestudiedstructureshells,anddevisedanumberofalternatives,eachlessexpensive,lighter,andstrongerthantraditionalwood,brick,andstonebuildings.
In1944,theUnitedStatessufferedaserioushousingshortage.GovernmentofficialsknewthatFullerhaddevelopedaprototypeoffamilydwellingwhichcouldbeproducedrapidly,usingthesameequipmentwhichhadpreviouslybuiltwar-timeairplanes.Theycouldbe"installed"anywhere,thewayatelephoneisinstalled,andwithlittleadditionaldifficulty.WhenoneofficialflewtoWichita,Kansastoseethishouse,whichBeechAircraftandFullerbuilt,themanreportedlygasped,"MyGod!Thisisthehouseofthefuture!"
Soon,unsolicitedcheckspouredinfrompeoplewhowantedtopurchasethisnewkindofhouse,butFullerwasneverabletogetitintofullproduction.Thiswasduetomanyobstaclessuchasonlyunioncontractorswereabletohookthehousesuptowater,powerandsewersinmanycities.However,becausethehouseswerealreadywiredandhadtheplumbinginstalledbytheaircraftcompany,manyconstructiontradeunionsmadeitclearthattheywouldnotworkonthehouses.Therewerealsoin-housedifferencesbetweenFullerandthestockholders.Fullerdidnotfeelthehousedesignwascomplete;therewereproblemshewantedtofix.Butthestockholderswantedtomoveahead.However,themainobstructionwasobtainingthefinancingforthetoolingcosts,whichwerepurposefullynotincludedinthenegotiationswithinvestors.Nobankwouldfinancetheprojectwithunionproblemsandstockholderbattles.
Afterthewar,Fuller'seffortsfocusedontheproblemofhowtobuildashelterwhichissolightweightthatitcanbedeliveredbyair.Sheltershouldbemobilewhichwouldrequiregreatbreakthroughsintheweight-reductionofthematerials.Technologywouldhavetofollownature'sdesignasseenbythespider'swebwhichcanfloatinahurricanebecauseofitshighstrength-to-weightratio.NewshelterwouldhavetobedesignedthatassimilatestheseprinciplesandthatwasFuller'sintent.
OneofthewaysBuckminsterFullerwoulddescribethedifferencesinstrengthbetweenarectangleandatrianglewouldbeapplypressuretobothstructures.Therectanglewouldfoldupandbeunstablebutthetrianglewithstandsthepressureandismuchmorerigid—infactthetriangleistwiceasstrong.Thisprincipledirectedhisstudiestowardcreatinganewarchitecturaldesign,thegeodesicdome,basedalsouponhisideaof"doingmorewithless".Fullerdiscoveredthatifasphericalstructurewascreatedfromtriangles,itwouldhaveincomparablestrength.
Thesphereusesthe"doingmorewithless"principleinthatitenclosesthelargestvolumeofinteriorspacewiththeleastamountofsurfaceareathussavingonmaterialsandcost.Fullerreintroducedtheideathatwhenthesphere'sdiameterisdoubleditwillquadrupleitssquarefootageandproduceeighttimesthevolume.
Thespherical(球形的)structureofadomeisoneofthemostefficientinterioratmospheresforhumandwellingsbecauseairandenergyareallowedtocirculatewithoutobstruction.Thisenablesheatingandcoolingto
A.YB.NC.NG
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文:W:Hey!Ifyoucan'tenjoythatatasensiblevolume,pleaseuseearphones.I'mtryingtostudy.
M:Oh!I'msorry.Ididn'trealizeitwasbotheringyou.
Q:Whatisthemanprobablydoing?
(13)
A.Singingloudly.
B.Listeningtomusic.
C.Studying.
D.Talkingonthephone.
22.聽力原文:M:Ow!Thathurts!
W:Whathappened?Didyoucutyourself?.
M:Yes—ontheedgeofthispaper.Howcansuchalittlecuthurtsomuch?I'mnotevenbleeding,butmyfingerreallyhurts.
W:Youknow,Ireadsomethingaboutthat.Itturnsoutthatalittlecutonafingercanhurtalotmorethanabigcutsomewhereelse.
M:Why?Thatdoesn'tmakeanysense.
W:Actually,itdoes.Therearemorenerveendingsinyourhandsthanalmostanywhereelseinthebody,andit'sthenerveendingsthatallowyoutofeelpain.
M:Iguessthat'strue.
W:Also,alittlecutlikeyourswon'tdamagethenerveendings,justirritatethem.Iftheyweredamaged,you'dfeellesspain,butthewoundcouldbemoreserious.
M:SoIsupposeIshouldbehappymyfingerhurtssomuch?
W:Right.Nowgogetyourselfbandage.
M:Why?Youjusttoldmeit'snotserious.
W:It'snot,butitdoesseemtobebotheringyou.Puttingabandageoverthecutwillkeeptheskinfromdryingandwillhelpkeeptheskintogether.Iftheskinstaystogether,thenerveendingswon'tbeexposed,andthecutwillhurtless.
(24)
A.Howmuchthecuthurt.
B.Howdeepthecutwas.
C.Howeasilyhewascut.
D.Howconcernedthewomanwas.
23.(26)
A.HebelievesthatisitagoodideatodoallofthethingsthatBettyandBillsuggested.
B.HeagreeswithBetty.
C.Hebelievesthatgoingtoclassisthebestwaytolearnaforeignlanguage.
D.Hebelievesthatitisidealtoliveinacountrywherethelanguageisspoken.
24.聽力原文:M:Canyouhelpme?Thisismyfirsttimetodoit.
W:It'seasy.Allyoudoistoputthewormonthehook,loosenthelineandcastit.
Q:Whataretheydoing?
(13)
A.Sailingaboat.
B.Catchingaworm.
C.Fishing.
D.Hangingclothes.
25.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.
聽力原文:M:MayIaskwhereAnne'sClothingStoreislocated?
W:Ofcourse.Justkeepwalkingdownforanother3blocksandit'llbeonyourrightbetweenthepostofficeandthecourthouse.
Q:Whereisthisdialogueoccurring?
(12)
A.AtAnne'sClothingStore.
B.Insideashoppingcenter.
C.Atadowntownstreet.
D.Inasuburbanresidentialdistrict.
26.(34)
A.Itmeansyouareinanothercountry.
B.Itmemosyouareinabadmood.
C.Itmeansyouhavemadeamistake.
D.Itmeansyouhavesometroubletohandle.
27.SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.
聽力原文:ExportersaregoingtohavetochangeiftheyhopetopenetratethelargeEuropeanmarkets.TheEuropeanUnion(EU)haslaunchedatwo-sidedattackonpackagingwaste.Itwantsbothtodecreasesharplytheamountofpackagingwastethatisgeneratedandtoincreasethelevelofrecyclingnecessarypackaging.Toaccomplishtheseobjectives,twokeytargetshavebeenestablished.First,by1998,60percentofpackagewastebyweighthastoberecoverableforrecyclingorotherusesandby2003,thepercentagetoreach90.Thesecondtargetrequiresthatmorethan10percentbyweightofthewasteremainstobedisposedof(e.g.inlandfills).TheindividualEUcountriesarefreetodetermineontheirownbywhatmethodstheywant.toachievethesetargetsandhowtheywillfinancethesenecessarywasterecoveryinfrastructures.Mostcountrieswillplacethelargestpartofburdenonthosemanufacturing,using,orsellingpackaging.Marketershavebeenencouragedtoadoptthefourenvironmentallycorrectredesign,reduce,reuse,andrecycle.Germany,whichhasbeenthefront-runnerinissue,requiresproducers,importers,distributors,wholesalers,andretailerstotakepackagingfromtheircustomerstouseorrecyclingindependentlyofthepublicwastedisposalsystem.ThesecriteriawilldirectlyaffectU,S.andotherexportersseekingmarketsinEurope.Ifpackaging-ofexportsdoesnotmeettheEUrequirements,productsmaybedeniedentry.ExporterstotheEUwillseekoutdistributorswithexperienceindealingwithwastemanagementrequirements.Whilethesystemisaburden,itofferssomebenefits.Cuttingdownonpackagingcansaveonmaterialsandshippingcosts.
(27)
A.TheUSshouldcatchuptoEuropeanenvironmentalstandards.
B.AmericanexportersmustadapttonewregulationsinEurope.
C.TheUSshouldbemoresensitivetoenvironmentalissues.
D.TheEU'snewregulationsareaburden.
28.聽力原文:M:Howwasthetrip,Ellen?
W:Itwasallright,onlytheplaneshouldhavetakenoffat14:00,butitwasgroundedfortwohoursandfifteenminutesbecauseofbadweather.
Q:Whendidtheplanetakeoff?
(15)
A.At6:15.B.At5:50.C.At16:05.D.At16:15.
29.(44)
30.(39)
31.(32)
A.Respectforeducationandelders.
B.Wealthyparents.
C.Excellentlearningfacilities.
D.Betterintelligenceandhealth.
32.聽力原文:M:Whatdidyoudolastnight?
W:IwatchedTV.TherewasareallygoodmoviecalledSoylentGreen.
M:SoylentGreen?
W:Yeah.CharltonHestonwasinit.
M:What'sitabout?
W:Oh,it'saboutlifeinNewYorkintheyear2022.
M:IwonderifNewYorkwillstillbeherein2022.
W:Inthismovie,in2022…
M:Yeah?
W:…NewYorkhasfortymillionpeople.
M:Ouch!
W:Andtwentymillionofthemareunemployed.
M:HowmanypeopleliveinNewYorknow?Aboutsevenoreightmillion?
W:Yeah,Ithinkthat'sright.
M:Mm-hmm.Youknow,ifit'shardenoughtofindanapartmentnowinNewYorkCity,what'sitgoingtobelikein2022?
W:Well,inthismoviemostpeoplehavenoapartment.Sothousandssleeponthestepsofbuildings.Peoplewhodohaveaplacetolivehavetocrawloversleepingpeopletogetinside.Andthereareshortagesofeverything.Thesoilissopollutedthatnothingwillgrow.Andtheairissopollutedthattheyneverseethesun.It'sreallyawful.
M:IthinkI'mgoingtoavoidgoingtoNewYorkCityintheyear2022.
W:Andtherewasthisscenewherethestar,CharltonHeston,goesintoahousewheresomeveryrichpeoplelive.
M:Uh-huh.
(23)
A.Wenttoacinema.
B.WatchedTV.
C.Washedclothes.
D.Wentonstreet,
33.(25)
A.Shewascompensatedfinanciallyandbegandoingwhatsheenjoyed.
B.Sherealizedherdreamthatsheneverquitemadeintoreality.
C.Sheenjoyedhercareerandwaspreparedforchangesinlife.
D.Shewasfreefromeverydayroutineandfoundanewjob.
34.(28)
A.Theythoughttobuythingsbeforethepriceswentup.
B.TheyboughtthingsbecausetheyrememberedtheGreatDepression.
C.Theywereconcernedaboutspendingmoney.
D.Theydidn'twanttospoiltheftchildren.
35.聽力原文:M:NowsupposeIwastostayathomeanddoallthehouseworkandlookafterthechildrenwhilemywifewentouttowork.Whatwouldyouthinkaboutthat?
W:IfI'mgoingtobelogical,no.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
(19)
A.Shecanfindawayout.
B.Whatthemansaidislogical.
C.Whatthemansaidisillogical.
D.Sheagreestowhatthemansaid.
36.
【B6】
37.聽力原文:M:Goodmorning.Isthiswhereweshouldcometoaddordropacourse?
W:Yes,itis.Justwritethenameofthecourseyouwanttodroponthisblueform.
M:Great!SowheredoIwritethenameoftheastronomycoursethatIwanttoadd?
W:Sorry,it'stoolatetoaddacourse.Youshouldonlyaddcoursestwoweeksintothissemester.AndFridaywasthelastday.
M:ButI'masenior.AndifIdroppedtheclassandcouldn'taddin,Iwouldn'thaveenoughcreditstograduate.
W:So,whatyouhavetodothenistogettheprofessor'sapprovalandhavehimsignthespecialaddform.Thenbringitbacktome,andIputittothrough.
M:Okay.Thanks,IhopeI'llbeabletofindtherightperson.
(20)
A.Howtodropacourse.
B.Themanneedsadviceaboutwhichclassestotake.
C.Howtogettheapprovaloftheprofessor.
D.Howtoaddacoursetotheman'sschedule.
38.
【B10】
39.聽力原文:M:IheardPerfectElectronicsisgoingtoholdinterviewsoncampusnextweek,
W:Yes,onwhatday?I'dliketotalktothemanddropoffmyresume.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?
(14)
A.GetajobonCampus.
B.Takeanelectronicscompany.
C.Visittheelectronicscompany.
D.Applyforajobwiththeelectronicscompany.
40.(29)
A.TheSpanishCivilWar.
B.TheFirstWorldWar.
C.TheSecondWorldWar.
D.Thefutilityofwar.
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.
TheBritishimposedstrongtaxesonAmericansbecause______.
42.
UriShamir'sviewpointisthat______.
A.nationsinthatregionarejustfightingforwater
B.peopletherearethirstyforpeaceinsteadofwater
C.waterisnoproblemaslongasthereispeace
D.thosenationshaveeveryreasontofightforwater
43.TheauthortookAfricaasanexampleinordertoshow______.
A.thepoliticaladvancementinsomeAfricancountries
B.thesophisticatedeconomyinsomeAfricancountries
C.theartisticcomplexityinsomeAfricancountries
D.theunderdevelopedculturesinsomeAfricancountries
44.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
Theroleofmanagerisanothercriticalcomponentinthedevelopmentofanoffice-systemscareer.Onestudyreportedthatin76percentoftheorganizationssurveyedsupervisorswereinvolvedincareerdevelopment.Becauseofdailycontactwithemployeesandpersonalcontactwithothermanagers,themanagercanassistoffice-systemsemployeesintheircareerdevelopmentinmanyways.Managerscandelegatetheirsubordinates'assignmentswhichpromotegrowth.Inaddition,managerscanproviderealisticassessmentsoftheirsubordinates'careerpotential.Suchfeedbackcantaketheform.ofcoachingemployeestostrengthenanypersonalorprofessionalweaknesses.
Somemanagersmightbecomementorstotheirsubordinates,thusimprovingtheirchancesforcareersuccess.Amentorusuallyisasuperiororexperiencedpeerwithintheemployee'sorganization.Thementorassumesaprofessionalinterestinanother'scareerandactsinanadvisorycapacitytothatindividual.Generallyamentorarrangesfortheemployeetomeetthe"rightpeople"andtomakethe"rightmoves,"thushelpingtheemployeetoacquirerecognitionofandacceptancebythemanagerialnetwork.However,evenwhenmanagersshowaninterestintheirsubordinates'careers,problemscanoccur.
Somemanagersmightlacksufficientpowerwithintheirorganizationstobesuccessfulmentorsormightbereluctanttobecomeamentorforanaspiring(有抱負(fù)的)femaleemployeebecauseofthepossibilityofofficegossip.Othermanagersmightresistthementorrolebecausemanagersmaynotberewardedbytheirorganizationsforengagingincareerdevelopmentactivitiesfortheirsubordinates.
Otherdilemmasforbothmanagerandsubordinatecouldarisewhenthecareerdevelopmentprocessislinkedtothemanager'staskofperformanceappraisal.Thecareerdevelopmentprocessisnotaseffectivewhenitistiedtoemployeeassessmentforjobpromotionsandsalaryincreases.
Mostemployeeswouldbereluctanttoriskrevealinganycareerinadequaciesordoubtstotheirevaluators.Therefore,employeesshouldtakechargeoftheirowncareerdevelopment.
Managersplayanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofanoffice-systemscareerbecause______.
45.Astudyofpeoplewhousedcellphonesforanaverageoflessthanthreeyearsfoundnoevidencethedevicescausebraincancer.Theresearchdidn't,however,answerthequestionofwhetherlonger-termuseisdangerous.Thestudyof891peopledidfindaslightlyincreasedriskforararetypeofbraincancer,buttheresearcherssaiditwasnotstatisticallysignificant.Whiletheyacknowledgedlonger-termstudiesareneeded,theresearcherssaidtheoverallresultsshouldreassurethemorethan86millioncell-phoneusersnationwide."Wefeelconfidentthattheresultsreflectthatcellphonesdon'tseemtocausebraincancer,"saidepidemiologistJoshuaMuscat,ascientistattheAmericanHealthFoundationwhohelpedleadthestudy.
PublicationofMuscat'sresearchpromptedtheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinetoreleaseastudyshowingsimilarresults.Thestudy,ledbyNationalCancerInstituteresearchers,lookedat782braincancerpatientsand799peoplewithoutcancer.Maximumcell-phoneusewasatleastanhourperdayforfiveormoreyears,andnobrain-cancerlinkwasfoundevenatthatlevel.
Unlikeregulartelephones,handheldcellphonescontainanantennainsidethereceiver,whichputstheuser'sbrainclosetotheelectromagneticradiowavestheantennaemits.SincecellphoneswereintroducedintheUnitedStatesin1984,conflictingdatahaveemergedfromsafetystudiesonanimalsandhumans.
TheFoodandDragAdministration(FAD)hassaidthereisnoevidencethatthephonesareunsafe,butithasjoinedwithwirelessindustryinsponsoringresearchonthedevices.Somecell-phonemakershavealsostarteddisclosingtheirproducts'radiationlevels.
Anotherstudyinvolvedphone-usequestionnairesgivento469menandwomenaged18to80withbraincanceranda422-membercancer-freecontrolgroup.Cell-phonesusewasslightlymorecommonamongthecancer-freeparticipants,thoughaveragecell-phoneuseforbothgroupswasunderthreehoursmonthlyforlessthanthreeyears.
Theamountanddurationofcell-phoneusewerenotrelatedtoanincreasebraincancerriskexceptforatypeofneuron-celltumorcalledneuroepitheliomatouscancer.Ofthe35patientswiththisraretumor,14percentusedcell-phones.
Inthefirstparagraph,itcanbeconcludedthat______.
A.peoplehavenoneedtoworrycellphonescancausecancer
B.itisnotdangerousforlong-termcell-phoneusers
C.cell-phoneusersreassurethemaboutusingcell-phones
D.theyfoundaslightlyincreasedriskforararetypeofbraincancer
46.Basically,therearethreetypesoffatigue:physical,pathological(由疾病引起的),andpsychological.Asyoumightsuspect,eachdifferssignificantlyfromtheothers.
Whenyouexerciseyourbodyyouproducewasteproducts.Muscles,forexample,discardlacticacid(乳酸)intotheblood;cellsdumpincarbondioxide,Whenthesewastesreachacertainlevelintheblood,thebrainisnotifiedandyouractivityleveldrops.Excesswastesinthemusclesmayproducesoreness.Ifthebloodofaphysicallyfatiguedanimalisinjectedintoarestedanimal,itwillproducefatigue.Thesolutiontothistypeoffatigueissimple—rest.Thatshouldreviveyou;ifitdoesn't,anothercauseshouldbesought.
Haveyoueverbecomeinvolvedinsomanyactivitiesthatyouhadtobeintwoplacesatonce?Thisiswhathappenswhenyourbodyhasadisease.Thecellsareovertaxedandcannotkeepupwithbothfightingthediseaseandkeepingyouactive.Theresultisfatigue.Somecommunicablediseaseslikethefluandcoldsarenotoriousfordrainingyourenergy.Othernon-communicablediseases,likeanemia(貧血),drainyoubecauseyouarelackinganimportantbodyingredient.Beingoverweightcancausepathologicalfatigue.Itshouldbeobviousthatthistypeoffatigueisnotgoingtogoawaywithouttreatment.Inaway,pathologicalfatigueisalifesaver.Itletsyouknowsomethingiswrongandthatyouneedrest.Evenapoordietcanproducepathologicalfatigue.Frequently,peoplewhogooncrashdietsdeveloppathologicalfatigue,andifthedietisnotimproved,theymaydophysicalharmtotheirbodies.
Hereisthemostcommontypeoffatigue.Almosteverybodyexperiencesitnowandthen.Often,thecauseisanemotionalwaryouarewagingwithyourselforthosearoundyou.Someofthesefamiliarfactorscanbringonpsychologicalfatigue,worries,stress,lackofexercise,boredom,depression.Ifyouknowsomeonewithpsychologicalfatigue,wouldyouadvisehimtorest?Noway!Thatmightbefineforourothertypesoffatigue,butforthisone,it'sdeadly.Ifyouareevergoingtobeabletocopewithstress,depression,orworry,youneedoxygeninyourcellsandamoreoptimisticattitude.Getoutofthechairanddosomething!Believeitornot,manypeoplet
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