2023學(xué)年完整公開課版Workingtheland單元回顧

Module4Unit2WorkingthelandWarmingup1.Haveyoueverbeentothecountryside?你去過(guò)鄉(xiāng)下嗎？ever：adv在任何時(shí)候；曾經(jīng)① 用于比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)之后強(qiáng)調(diào)真實(shí)性或用于比較現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去或者將來(lái)的情況。Hefeelsbetterthanhehaseverfeltbefore.他從來(lái)沒感覺這么好過(guò)。ThisisthebiggestfishI’veeverseen.這是我見過(guò)的最大的魚。②與“did”或“have”連用。翻譯成“可曾”“曾否”Haveyoueverexperiencedfailure?你經(jīng)歷過(guò)失敗嗎？Ididn’tremembereverseeinghim.我不記得曾經(jīng)見過(guò)他。點(diǎn)撥：ever常用語(yǔ)否定句、疑問句、條件從句或比較從句中，除標(biāo)明是過(guò)去時(shí)間可以用過(guò)去時(shí)外，一般只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或完成時(shí)。(2022山西)Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn’ttastelikeanythingI____before.A.washavingB.haveC.haveeverhadD.hadeverhad答案：C.這咖啡太好了，和我以前曾經(jīng)喝過(guò)的都不一樣。2.Ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowthem?如果種過(guò)，你是如何種植的？Ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketotrygrowing?如果沒有種過(guò)，你愿意試種哪種植物？點(diǎn)撥：句中的ifso和ifnot都是承前省略。這種用法是為了避免重復(fù)，so用于代替前面句子的肯定假設(shè)；not代替前面句子的否定假設(shè)；ifso：要是那樣；ifnot：如果不是那樣①Hasthelettercome？Ifso，readit，please．來(lái)信了嗎？如果來(lái)了，請(qǐng)讀一讀。②Hasthelettercome？Ifnot，pleasetelephone來(lái)信了嗎？如果沒來(lái)，請(qǐng)打電話。拓展：類似的省略句還有ifever如果曾經(jīng)有的話；ifany如果有的話ifpossible如果可能的話；ifnecessary如果有必要的話練一練：Imightbeawaynextweek.If____,Iwon’tbeabletoseeyou.A.thatB.thisC.soD.itWillyougetafreeeveningnextweek?_____,letushavedinnertogether.A.IfsoB.IfnotC.EventhoughD.Asif答案：CA3.Readthestatisticsbelow.閱讀下面的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料statistic：（常用復(fù)數(shù)statistics）統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料；Statisticssuggestthatthepopulationofthiscountryhasdoubledinthepast2decades.據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，這個(gè)國(guó)家的人口在過(guò)去的二十年里翻了一番。Ihappenedtohavethelatestpopulationstatistics.我碰巧有最新的人口統(tǒng)計(jì)資料。4.Morethan800millionpeoplegotobedhungryeveryday.每天八億多人餓著睡覺。點(diǎn)撥：此句中hungry為adj.做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)hungry：adj饑餓的；渴望得到① 饑餓的：gohungry挨餓Hehadtohaveajoborgohungry.他必須找到工作，否則就得挨餓。② 渴望得到的；behungryfor…：渴望著得到…Theorphanishungryforcareandlove.這個(gè)孤兒渴望著關(guān)愛。拓展：hunger：n.饑餓；欲望；vi.渴望得到；① n饑餓【U】；Thepoorgirldiedofhungeronthestreet.可憐的小女孩餓死在了街上欲望【C】Theyhaveahungerforsuccess.他們渴望成功。② vi渴望得到（for/after）Theyhungerfor/aftersuccess.他們渴望成功。5.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftomorrowtherewassuddenlynoricetoeat?如果明天突然沒有米可吃了，你認(rèn)為會(huì)發(fā)生什么事呢？點(diǎn)撥：1）該句中用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。從句用過(guò)去時(shí)，主句中用would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形。2）該句中doyouthink是插入語(yǔ)。當(dāng)特殊疑問句中包含插入語(yǔ)是需注意：①引導(dǎo)詞即特殊疑問詞放到句首。（句中不能再出現(xiàn)其他引導(dǎo)詞）②插入語(yǔ)放疑問詞之后（疑問語(yǔ)序）③插入語(yǔ)后面的從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。Whatdoyouthinkourfuturelifewillbelike?練一練：（2022上海）_______besenttoworkthere?A.whodoyousuggestB.whodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhoshould答案：AReadingI—APIONEEROFALLPEOPLE1. AlthoughheisoneofChina’smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingconsidershimselfafarmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.盡管是中國(guó)最著名的科學(xué)家之一，袁隆平仍然認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)農(nóng)民，因?yàn)樗谔镩g耕作，進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究。consider：認(rèn)為；考慮①認(rèn)為considersb(tobe)/(as)+n/adj認(rèn)為某人…considersbtohavedone認(rèn)為某人做了某事considerit+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語(yǔ)。consider+賓語(yǔ)從句WeconsiderTomtobehonest.=Tomisconsideredtobehonest.WeallconsideredhimtohavestolenTom'swallet.=HewasconsideredtohavestolenTom’swallet.我們都以為他偷了湯姆錢包Atfirsttheyconsideredmeasadoctor.起初他們認(rèn)為我是醫(yī)生。WeconsiderithardtostudyEnglishwell.我們認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很難。Iconsiderthatthemusiciswellworthlisteningto.我認(rèn)為這音樂值得一聽②考慮consider(not)doing考慮（不）做某事consider+名詞/“疑問詞+不定式”。You’dbetterconsidermysuggestion.你最好考慮我的建議。Wemustconsiderwhattodonext.我們必須考慮下一步要做什么。Heconsideredgoingtoseetheminperson.他考慮親自去看他們。練一練：CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented答案：發(fā)明電腦已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)，因此用considersbtohavedone結(jié)構(gòu)work：①vt經(jīng)營(yíng)（工廠、農(nóng)場(chǎng)等）；耕種（土地）；使工作Theyareworkingthelandtogether.他們一起在田間耕作。Heworkshisemployeeslonghours.他使他的員工長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地工作。Doyouknowhowtoworkthismachine?知道怎樣開動(dòng)這臺(tái)機(jī)器嗎②vi（辦法、計(jì)劃等）行得通；工作Idon’tthinkthatyoursuggestionwillwork.我認(rèn)為你的建議行不通。2.…,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.……過(guò)去五十年來(lái)，他一直在努力幫助他們。struggle：vi/n斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力①n斗爭(zhēng)；努力；費(fèi)力的事【C】（常與for/with/against/todo連用）Wewillnotgiveupourstruggleforbetterworkingconditions.我們不會(huì)放棄爭(zhēng)取改善工作條件的斗爭(zhēng)。Losingweightisaterriblestruggle.減肥是一件非常艱苦的事情。Hediedinastrugglewithattackers.他在一次與襲擊者的打斗中死掉了②vi斗爭(zhēng)；努力strugglefor…為…而斗爭(zhēng)；strugglewith/against與…作斗爭(zhēng)；struggletodo努力做某事；struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來(lái)Weshouldlearntostrugglewithdifficulties.我們應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)和困難作斗爭(zhēng)Thepoorhadtostruggleforaliving.窮人必須為生活而掙扎。Hestruggledagainstadesireforsleep.他和掙扎著不想睡著。Hestruggledtocontrolhistemper.他努力控制住自己的脾氣。Hestruggledtohisfeet.他掙扎著站起來(lái).注意：struggle后面還可以接副詞Shestruggledupthestairswithherheavybags.她提著沉重的包費(fèi)力地爬上樓梯練一練：①[2022浙江卷]ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard②Theywerestruggling______getoutoftheburningcar.Shehasstruggled_______thediseaseforalongtime.Shestruggled_______women’srightallherlife.Wemuststruggle_________badhabits.答案：①A;②to；with；for；against;decade：n十年【C】Thecustomhassurvivedfordecades.這個(gè)風(fēng)俗已經(jīng)存在了數(shù)十年。3．DrYuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice.袁博士種植的是被稱為“雜交水稻”的稻種。點(diǎn)撥：句子當(dāng)中what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于thericethat（what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)相當(dāng)于the…that）Atlast,wearrivedinwhatiscalledLondon.(what相當(dāng)于theplacethat)最后，我們到了被稱為倫敦的地方練一練：____theemperorsawwasquitedifferentfrom__theoldministertoldhim.A.What;whatB.That;whatC.Which;thatD.All;all答案：Asuper：adj超級(jí)的；極好的Wehadasuperdayattheseaside.我們?cè)诤＿叾冗^(guò)了美好的一天。4.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneertogrowricethathasahighoutput.1974年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。output：n產(chǎn)量；輸出vt輸出outputofdata數(shù)據(jù)的輸出Thereisadailyoutputof100carsinthefactory.這家工廠每天汽車產(chǎn)量是100輛。拓展：input：n/vt輸入Inputyourorder,andthecomputerwilloutputthecorrectdataautomatically.輸入你的命令，電腦會(huì)自動(dòng)輸出正確的數(shù)據(jù)。thefirstpioneertogrowrice是固定用法,表示"第一個(gè)…的人".公式是:the+序數(shù)詞(first,second,third...)+todo...Heisalwaysthefirsttocometotheclassroomandthelasttoleave.Hewasthefirstrunnertopassthefinishingline.他是第一個(gè)沖過(guò)終點(diǎn)線的賽跑者。5.Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量成為可能。點(diǎn)撥：it：形式賓語(yǔ)，possible：賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，todo：真正的賓語(yǔ)。類似用法的詞：find/feel/think/consider/make+it+adj./n.+（forsb）todo1)WethinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.2)Ifounditimportanttounderstandeachother.3)Hemadeitaruletogetupearlyandstudy.4)Ifeelityourdutytoachievethisstudygoal.5)Iconsideritakindofhappinesstoteachyou.6）Theheavyrainmadeitimpossibleforustogetthereontime.crop：莊稼；產(chǎn)量Ricefarmersherestillplantandharvesttheircropsbyhand.這里種植水稻的農(nóng)場(chǎng)主還是人工種植和收割莊稼。Thisyear’scorncropisabout8percentmorethanlastyear.今年玉米產(chǎn)量將比去年提高8%左右。6.Bornintoapoorfarmer’sfamilyin1930,DrYuangraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.袁博士1930年出生于一個(gè)貧困農(nóng)民家庭，1953年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)。beborninto(由于)出生于……Bornintoapoorpeasantfamily,hecouldn’tgotocollege.由于出生在貧苦農(nóng)民家庭，他沒能上大學(xué)。graduatefrom畢業(yè)于Afterhisgraduationfromcollege,hewenttoworkasanengineerinacompany.=Afterhegraduatedfromcollege,hewenttoworkasanengineerinacompany.7.Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.年輕時(shí)，他就看到了水稻增產(chǎn)的巨大需求。need：n.必要，需求needfor…需要…；inneedof需要；satisfysb'sneed滿足某人的需要thereisnoneed(forsb)todo…(某人)沒必要做某事8.Atthattime,hungerwasadisturbingprobleminmanypartsofthecountryside.當(dāng)時(shí)，饑荒是許多農(nóng)村地區(qū)面臨的令人不安的問題。disturbing：adj引起煩惱的；令人不安的Thedisturbingnewssoonspreadinthecity.這則令人不安的消息很快在城市里傳播開來(lái)拓展：disturb：vt使不安；打擾MayIdisturbyouforawhile?可以打擾你一會(huì)嗎disturbed：adj不安的Iwasdisturbedtohearthenews.聽到那消息我很不安試體會(huì)：Theyweredisturbedbythedisturbingnews;thatis,thenewsdisturbedthem.練一練：Itisvery______thattherehasbeenanincreaseincrimeinthelastsixmonths.A.disturbingB.disturbedC.interruptingD.interrupted答案：A.It在句中為形式主語(yǔ)。真正的主語(yǔ)“過(guò)去的六個(gè)月犯罪有所增加”這一事實(shí)是令人不安的。故用disturbing。9.…searchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.尋求在不增加土地面積的基礎(chǔ)上達(dá)到增收稻谷的途徑。search：vt在…中尋找；vi(for)尋找Theyaresearchingtheforestforthemissingboy.他們正在森林里尋找丟失的孩子試比較：searchsb搜身；searchforsb尋找某人拓展：insearchof（短語(yǔ)介詞）尋找expandvt.&vi.使變大；伸展；闡述①（使）變大（尺寸、數(shù)量上）Metalsexpandwhen(theyare)heated.金屬受熱則膨脹。ThepopulationofChinaexpandedquicklyinthe1960s.二十世紀(jì)六十年代中國(guó)人口急劇膨脹。Youcanexpandyourknowledgebyreadingmorebooks.你可以通過(guò)多讀書來(lái)擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面。②（使）擴(kuò)展/發(fā)展（業(yè)務(wù)等）Heisthinkingofexpandinghisbusiness.他正在考慮擴(kuò)展他的生意。Ourforeigntradehasexpandedgreatlyinrecentlyyears.我們的對(duì)外貿(mào)易近幾年獲得了極大的發(fā)展。Weshouldmakeeffortstoexpandexport.我們應(yīng)該努力擴(kuò)大出口。③伸展Theeagleexpandeditswings.雄鷹展翅。10.Theseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld’speoplearefedfromjust7%ofthefarmlandinChina.這增加的糧食產(chǎn)量意味著中國(guó)僅僅7%的耕地養(yǎng)活了世界上22%的人口。feed：①喂養(yǎng)feedsthtosb=feedsbonsth用某物喂……(feed過(guò)去式為fed)feedon以……為主食Sheepfeedongrass，whileweliveonrice.②養(yǎng)活，供養(yǎng)（家庭或群體）Chinaisabletofeed20percentoftheworld'spopulationwithonly7percentoftheworld'sfarmland.中國(guó)可以用世界7%的土地養(yǎng)活世界的22%的人口。11.DrYuanisnowcirculatinghisknowledgeinIndia,Vietnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountries.袁博士還在印度、越南和其他一些欠發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家傳播提高水稻產(chǎn)量的知識(shí)。lessdevelopedcountries欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家circulate：vt/vi（消息等）流傳；（液體、氣體等）循環(huán)Bloodcirculatesthroughthebody.血液在體內(nèi)循環(huán)。Badnewscirculatesquickly.壞消息傳得很快。Moneycirculatesquickly.錢流通地很快。拓展：circulation：n循環(huán)；流通；發(fā)行12.Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.由于他的研究，聯(lián)合國(guó)在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中有了更多的方法。thanksto幸虧;由于①由于Thankstohiscarelessness,wesufferedagreatloss.由于他的粗心，我們?cè)庥隽撕艽髶p失②多虧了Thankstoyou,Iwassavedfromdrowning.多虧了你，我才沒淹死。拓展：表示原因的短語(yǔ)還有：owingto；becauseof；asaresultof；battle：n戰(zhàn)役；斗爭(zhēng)vt/vi搏斗；奮斗Thepeoplewonthebattleagainstthefireatlast.在與大火的較量中，人么最終取得了勝利。Theybattlewith/againstthewindandwave.他們?cè)谂c風(fēng)浪搏斗。rid...of：使擺脫;使解除;使去掉（rid/ridded—rid/ridded—ridding）Furthermeasureswillbetakentoridourstreetsofcrime.將采取進(jìn)一步的措施來(lái)防止街頭犯罪。Thedentistridhimofhispainbytakingoutthetooth.牙醫(yī)給他拔掉了那顆牙，除去了他的痛苦。拓展：getridof：擺脫（動(dòng)作）Youhadbettergetridofthebadhabit.你最好改掉那個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。HowcanIgetridofmytoothache?我怎樣才能治好牙痛？13.Usinghishybridricefarmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出比以前多一倍的糧食。1）分詞短語(yǔ)usinghishybridrice作方式狀語(yǔ)。2）twiceaslargeas屬于“倍數(shù)表達(dá)方法”之一倍數(shù)的表達(dá)可用下面三個(gè)句型：①倍數(shù)+as+adj.+as②倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than③倍數(shù)+thesize/length/height/depth/width+ofAsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.=AsiaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.=AsiaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。注意：倍數(shù)也可以用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或某些表程度的副詞替換。Ourroomis60%thesizeoftheirs.我們的房間是他們房間的60%大。14.DrYuanisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.袁隆平很滿意自己的生活。besatisfiedwith=bepleasedwith…對(duì)……感到滿意/滿足I’mverysatisfiedwithyourbehavior.我對(duì)你的行為很滿意。拓展：satisfy：vt.滿足;使?jié)M意；satisfying：令人滿意的；使人滿足；satisfied：感到滿意的、滿足的satisfactory：圓滿的、令人滿意satisfaction：n.滿意；滿足toone’ssatisfaction：令某人滿意的是15.However，hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.但是，他對(duì)成名并不在意。careabout擔(dān)心，在乎（about為介詞后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞）Idon'tcareabouttheprice,solongasthecarisingoodcondition.我不計(jì)較價(jià)錢，只要車很好用就行了。Idon'tmuchcareaboutgoing.我并不很想去。拓展：carefor照顧；喜歡takecareof照顧16.Hefeelsitgiveshimlessfreedomtodohisresearch.他覺得成名后搞研究就沒那么自由了。freedom：【U】自由；自主Wehavethefreedomtodowhatwelikeallafternoon.整個(gè)下午我們都自由地做自己想做的事。Theystruggledforfreedom.他們?yōu)樽杂啥鴳?zhàn)。17.Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的業(yè)余愛好上wouldrather：寧愿①wouldrather（not）dosth寧愿（不）做某事Iwouldrathernottellyouthetruth.我寧愿不告訴你真相。Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?Ifnot,Iwouldratherstayathome.你愿意和我一起去看電影嗎？如果不愿意，我寧愿呆在家里。點(diǎn)撥：wouldrather后直接跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要用原形。拓展：wouldratherdoAthandoB寧愿做A.也不愿做BThebusiscrowded;I’drathergohomeonfootthanbybus.公共汽車太擁擠，我寧愿步行也不愿乘公共汽車。Themotherwouldratherdiethanloseherchild.那位母親寧可自己死去也不愿失去孩子。②wouldrather(that)sbdidsth寧愿某人……(表示將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作)I'dratheryoucametomorrow.我比較希望你們明天來(lái)。Doyoumindmysmokinghere?——Well,Iwouldratheryoudidn’t.你介意我在這里吸煙嗎？——我比較希望你不在這里吸煙③wouldratherthatsbhaddonesth寧愿某人……(表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)Iwouldratheryouhadn’tdonethatyesterday.我寧愿你昨天沒有做這件事I'dratherhehadn'ttoldmeaboutit我寧愿他未告訴我這件事。點(diǎn)撥：wouldrather后接從句，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去。練一練：1）Toenjoythescenery,Irenewouldratherspendlonghoursonthetrain______travelbyair.A.asB.toC.thanD.while2）—Doyoumindmyturningoffthelight?—________,I’mreadingtheendofthestory.A.No,notatall.B.Ofcoursenot.C.I’dratheryoudidn’tD.Yes,please.答案：1）C2）C18.Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.在自己身上花錢或享受舒適的生活對(duì)他而言意義不大。點(diǎn)撥：spending…orleading…為動(dòng)詞ing作主語(yǔ)；or連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就近原則mean：vt有意義；有價(jià)值（常和much;little;alot;agreatdeal；nothing；everything等連用）Hisworkmeansalot/everythingtohim.他的工作對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。Moneymeansnothingtohim.錢對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)沒有任何價(jià)值。19.Indeed,hebelievesthatapersonwithtoomuchmoneyhasmoreratherthanfewertroubles.事實(shí)上，他認(rèn)為一個(gè)人有了太多的錢，他的麻煩事只會(huì)更多，而不是更少ratherthan：而不是Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.我決定寫信而不是打電話。Hewasbusyinwritingaletterratherthanreadingthenewspaper.拓展：prefertodoAratherthandoB=ratherthandoB,sbprefertodoA某人寧愿做A而不愿做BHepreferredtodieratherthangivein.=Ratherthangivein,hepreferredtodie.他寧死不屈。練一練：Ratherthan_______inaslowbus,healwaysprefers_________.A.ride,rideB.riding,rideC.ride,torideD.toride,riding答案：C20.Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.于是，他拿出好幾百萬(wàn)元幫助其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究。equip：vi.&vt.使(某人)具備條件；裝備，配備（equipped—equippedequipping）①equipsb.for/todosth.使某人具備條件做…Yourtrainingwillequipyouforyourfuturejob.你的訓(xùn)練使得你能夠勝任將來(lái)的工作。Yourexperiencewillequipyoutofindabetterjob。你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)苁鼓阏业揭环莞玫墓ぷ鳌＂趀quipAwithB：用B裝備AHeequippedhisbikewithaheadlight.他給自行車裝上了前燈。Weshouldequipourselveswithknowledge.我們應(yīng)該用知識(shí)武裝自己。拓展：beequippedwith裝備有…Eachclassroominourschoolisequippedwithacomputer.我們學(xué)校每個(gè)教室都有電腦equipment：【U】設(shè)備therefore：adv“因此，所以”Hewasill,andthereforehedidn’tattendschool.=Hewasill;thereforehedidn’tattendschool.他病了，因此沒來(lái)上學(xué)。21.Eachearofricewasasbigasanearofcornandeachgrainofricewasashugeasapeanut.稻穗跟玉米穗一樣大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一般大。grain：n谷物；糧食；顆粒①谷物；糧食【U】Farmersproducemillionsoftonsofgraintofeedthenation.農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)噸糧食供國(guó)人食用。②顆粒；agrainofrice/wheat/corn/sand/salt一粒米/麥/谷/沙/鹽grainsofsand沙子。注意：grain作“谷物；糧食”解時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞；作“谷粒；顆?！苯鈺r(shí)是可數(shù)名詞.22.DrYuanawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.袁博士從夢(mèng)中醒來(lái)，希望能種植一種能養(yǎng)活更多的人的水稻。with/inthehopeof懷著……的希望Heisstudyinghardinthehopeofbeingadmittedtoakeycollege.他正在努力學(xué)習(xí)，希望被某個(gè)重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取。Hepaidavisittothedentistinthehopeofgettingadvicefromhim.他去拜訪牙醫(yī)，希望從他那里得到建議。23.DrYuanhasanotherdream:toexporthisricesothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobe.袁隆平還有另外一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，那就是出口他的水稻，讓它長(zhǎng)遍全球。export：n/vi/vt出口；輸出Thenationalsoexportsbeef.這個(gè)國(guó)家業(yè)出口牛肉。Alotofourlandisusedtogrowcropsforexport.我們的大片土地被用來(lái)種植出口作物。拓展：import：n/vi/vt進(jìn)口Weexportricebutimportwheat.我們出口稻米，但進(jìn)口小麥。ComprehendingIsDrYuanmoreofascientistormoreofafarmer?moreof…：在更大程度上Sheismoreofasingerthanadancer.她更像是一名歌手而不是跳舞者。2.DrYuandevelopedsuperhybridricetohelpChinesefarmersandhungrypeoplearoundtheworld.袁博士研發(fā)超級(jí)雜交水稻是為了幫助中國(guó)農(nóng)民好世界各地挨餓的人們。develop：研發(fā)；發(fā)展；形成（習(xí)慣、興趣等）沖洗（照片等）3.Canyouthinkofanyothermajordevelopmentthatwouldmakeagreatdifferencetoworldhunger?你能想到其他別的主要發(fā)展能對(duì)世界饑餓起重要作用么？makeadifferenceto….對(duì)。。。有影響（difference不可數(shù)）Whatyousaidmademuchdifferencetome.你所說(shuō)的話對(duì)我影響很大。Learningaboutlanguage1. acertainpurpose某個(gè)原因certain:某個(gè)，某些foracertainreason為了某種理由acertainSmith某個(gè)叫史密斯的人2. inlargeamounts..大量地3. AccordingtotheWHO’sinformation,aboutmillionpeopleacrosstheworlddieeachyearfromdiseasescausedbyunsafefoodandwater按照世界衛(wèi)生組織統(tǒng)計(jì)，全世界每年大約一千八百萬(wàn)人死于不安全食物和飲水而導(dǎo)致的疾病4.Nothavingenoughfoodleadstopoorhealthand,therefore,sickness.沒有足夠的食物引起身體不健康，所以引發(fā)疾病。Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadtoillness.過(guò)量的工作和過(guò)少的休息會(huì)引起疾病5. Over56percentofthepeopleinasmallSoutheastAsiancountryareinjobsrelatedtoagriculture.在東南亞的一個(gè)小國(guó)家里有56%多的人從事于農(nóng)業(yè)有關(guān)的工作。Nodoubtherdeathisrelatedtopolitics.她的死無(wú)疑和政治有關(guān)。6. Inthepastdecade,someofthefarmersinthewestofChinahavemetwithsomesuccessinthestruggleagainsttheexpandingdesert.過(guò)去的十年里，中國(guó)西部的一些農(nóng)民在與沙漠?dāng)U大化的斗爭(zhēng)中取得了成功。7. Equippedwithnewscientificfarmingmethods,theyhavebeenabletouselessfarmlandthaninthepast…有了新的科學(xué)耕種方法，他們能夠運(yùn)用必過(guò)去少的耕地，……Heisequippedwithmuchexperienceinteaching.他具有豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。8. Theiroutputofgrainandothercrops,however,isstillthesame,whichmakesitpossibleforthemtousetheremainingfarmlandforplantingtrees.但是他們的谷物和其他作物的產(chǎn)量仍然一樣，這使得他們運(yùn)用剩余的耕地種樹成為可能。Guestswerecrowdedintothefewremainingrooms.把客人都擠在剩余的幾個(gè)房間里了。9. Theseandotherfarmersarestartingtowinsmallbattlesinthegreatwaragainstthedisturbinggrowthofthedesert.這些農(nóng)民還有其他農(nóng)民正開始在和沙漠無(wú)休止的增長(zhǎng)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中贏得了一些小的勝利。Theywonthebattlebutlostthewar.他們贏了這次戰(zhàn)斗,但輸了這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng).10. It’snicetohelppeopleinneedofhelp.幫助需要幫助的人令人愉快。Thishouseisinneedofrepair.這所房子需要修理。11. TogetridofhungerisveryimportantforsomeAfricancountries.對(duì)一些非洲國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)擺脫貧困是重要的。IwishIcouldgetridofthiscold.我希望能擺脫這場(chǎng)感冒。12. Itisimportanttoexplainthisagainorwewillconfusethestudents.再解釋一下很重要，否則我們會(huì)使學(xué)生困惑。confuse：vt.使迷惑；使為難Herexpressionconfusedme.她的表情使我困惑。拓展：confuseAwith/andB把……混同；辨別不清I’malwaysconfusingJohnwith/andPaul.我一直分不清約翰和保羅。confused：迷惑不解的（表示人的內(nèi)心感受）confusing令人迷惑的（表示事物的狀態(tài)）Youlookconfused.你看起來(lái)很迷惑。Theinstructionsontheboxareconfusing.盒子上的說(shuō)明令人迷惑。13.regret：vt./n.遺憾、惋惜（regretted;regretted;regretting）Hisonlyregretwasthathemarriedearly.Iwon’tregretthedecisionsI’vemade.拓展：regretdoing后悔做某事regrettodo（動(dòng)詞多用say、tell…）很遺憾地（說(shuō)、告訴等）Iregretnothavingworkedharder.Iregrettosaythatyouarefired.（much/greatly）toone’sregret令某人非常遺憾/后悔的是…14. Hewantedtoexperimentwithscientificmethodsoffarming.他想試用科學(xué)的耕種方法。experimentwith試用，用……做實(shí)驗(yàn)Youarenotallowedtoexperimentwiththeseanimals.你不能用這些動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)。HewillkeeptryingoutnewideassohecanhelpfarmersaroundChina.他將繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)新的想法來(lái)幫助中國(guó)各地的農(nóng)民。Wemusttryoutthepotentialofmarket我們必須試探一下目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)的潛力。ReadingII—CHEMICALORORGANICFARMING1.Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizershasbecomeverycommoninfarming.在過(guò)去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里，在耕種的時(shí)候使用化肥已經(jīng)變得相當(dāng)普遍。over：在…期間；經(jīng)過(guò)（一段時(shí)間）Overtheyearshehasbecomelazierandlazier.在過(guò)去的這些年，她變得越來(lái)越懶。拓展：over+n在…時(shí)Let’sdiscussaboutitoverdinner.我們邊吃邊討論吧chemical：adj與化學(xué)相關(guān)的；化學(xué)的Itisnotachemicalchangebutaphysicalchange.這不是化學(xué)變化而是物理變化。拓展：chemistry：n化學(xué)；chemist：n化學(xué)家；藥劑師；chemistryteacher：化學(xué)老師試體會(huì)：Ourchemistryteacherinvitedachemisttogiveusalectureonchemicalchangesyesterday.我們化學(xué)老師昨天邀請(qǐng)了一位化學(xué)家給我們講解化學(xué)變化。2.Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.很多農(nóng)民喜歡使用化肥，把化肥作物防治農(nóng)作物病蟲害和提高產(chǎn)量的重要手段。production：n生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量【U】Weneedtoincreasetheproduction.我們需要提高產(chǎn)量。Thefactoryisfamousfortheproductionofcars.這家工廠因生產(chǎn)汽車而著名。3.…long-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandandevenmoredangerous,topeople’shealth.長(zhǎng)期使用這些肥料會(huì)造成土地受損，甚至更危險(xiǎn)的是，會(huì)對(duì)人們的健康造成危害。damage：①vt損害Smokingseriouslydamagesyourhealth.吸煙嚴(yán)重?fù)p害你的健康。②n損害【U】cause/dodamageto：對(duì)某物造成傷害Smokingdoesdamagetoyourhealth.4.Firsttheydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpestsaswellastheharmfulones.首先，化肥在殺死病菌和害蟲的同時(shí)也會(huì)殺死有益的細(xì)菌和昆蟲。ones：替代詞。一般表示泛指，代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)theones：替代詞。一般表示特指，代替the+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)one：替代詞。一般表示泛指，代替a+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)theone：替代詞。一般表示特指，代替the+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)①Ihavelostmypen,I’mgoingtobuyone.我的鋼筆丟了，我要去買一支。②Ihaveanewcoatandseveraloldones.我有一件新大衣和幾件舊的。練一練：Mr.Zhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept___whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers答案：A。表特指theones練一練：Therearefortynewdesksandtenold___intheclassroom.A.OneB.onesC.thoseD.desks答案：(B)ones泛指tables5.Thisaffectscropsand,therefore,animalsandhumans,sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcan’tjustbewashedoff.這會(huì)影響到農(nóng)作物進(jìn)而影響到動(dòng)物和人類，因?yàn)榛瘜W(xué)成分會(huì)進(jìn)入到農(nóng)作物中并且不能被沖洗washoff：沖洗掉Itisnoteasytowashofftheremainingdirt.沖洗掉殘留的污垢不容易。6.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople’sbodiesovertime.隨著時(shí)間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會(huì)在人體中堆積。buildup：積累；逐步建立①增加；積聚Darkcloudsarebuildingup.烏云正在密集起來(lái)。②使增大Hehasbuiltupagoodbusinessovertheyears.幾年來(lái)他生意做得很興旺。③加強(qiáng)（力量）增強(qiáng)（體制）Hewentonaholidayandsoonbuiltuphishealth.他去度了一次假，很快就增進(jìn)了健康Balanceddietbuildsupthebody.平衡的飲食增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。Billworksouteverydaytobuilduphisstrength.為了增進(jìn)體質(zhì)比爾每天都鍛煉。拓展：setup開辦；putup搭建練一練：（2022浙江）PracticingChinesekungfucannotonly_______one’sstrength,butalsodevelopone’scharacter.A.bringupB.takeupC.buildupD.pullup(2022江西)ForalltheseyearsIhavebeenworkingforothers.I’mhopingI’ll_______myownbusinesssomeday.A.turnupB.fixupC.setupD.makeup答案：CC7.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.很多化學(xué)物質(zhì)能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病leadto：通向；導(dǎo)致（to為介詞）①通向：AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大路通羅馬。②導(dǎo)致：Hislazinessledtohisfailure.他的懶惰導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。拓展：resultin；導(dǎo)致accountfor；導(dǎo)致；resultfrom；由于練一練：（2022浙江）Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonly________violence.A.runsintoB.comesfromC.leadstoD.beginswith答案：CThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______.(上海)A.thethiefhavingcaught B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaught D.thethieftobecaught答案：C。因leadto中的to是介詞，要接動(dòng)名詞，排除B和D；邏輯主語(yǔ)thethief與catch是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。8.Inaddition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizersusuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.另外，施過(guò)化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生長(zhǎng)得過(guò)快而營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足。inaddition：此外,并且;（做副詞使用,其后不接其他成分）Mymothergavemesandwichesformylunchandabagofmilkinaddition.午飯媽媽給我吃了三明治外還給我喝了一袋牛奶。拓展：inadditionto除…之外(還)（做介詞使用,后接名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ)）InadditiontoEnglish,hehasstudiedasecondforeignlanguage.9．Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming.由于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多農(nóng)民和很多消費(fèi)者都開始轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)耕種。turnto：①翻到Let’sturntothenextpage.讓我們翻到下一頁(yè)。②轉(zhuǎn)向TheyhaveturntoanothertopicwhenIcameback.我回來(lái)時(shí)他們已轉(zhuǎn)向下一話題③求助于：Youcanturntoyourteacherforhelp/advice.你可以求助于你的老師。10.Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.農(nóng)民關(guān)心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。focus：n焦點(diǎn)；中心點(diǎn)vt集中；聚集Shealwayswantstobethefocusofattention.她總是想成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。focuson：集中（思想、注意力等）于…Themeetingfocusesontheterrorism.這次會(huì)議聚焦于恐怖主義行動(dòng)。focus...（attention、mind、energy、eyes）on…：把…(注意力、思想、精力、目光等)集中于…Focusonyourattentiononyourwork.把你的注意力集中在你的工作上。Alleyeswerefocusedonhim.大家的目光都集中在他身上。11.Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.健康的土壤能減少病害并促進(jìn)農(nóng)作物茁壯成長(zhǎng)。reduce：減少；縮減；簡(jiǎn)化Thepriceoftheseshoeshasbeenreduced.這些鞋子的價(jià)格已經(jīng)降低了。Heistryingtoreduceexpenses.他正試圖減少開支。拓展：reduceto減少到；reduceby減少了12.Theyfeelthatthismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.他們認(rèn)為這樣會(huì)使地里的土壤更富含礦物質(zhì)，因而也會(huì)更加肥沃mineral：名詞n.[C]礦物Thosecountriesarerichinminerals.那些國(guó)家礦物資源很豐富。13.Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.這也能使空氣、土壤、水和農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。freefrom/of：不受傷害（或影響等）keep…freefrom/of：使…不受（影響等）使…不含(有害物)[注]短語(yǔ)中free為adj.作賓補(bǔ)Keepthechildrenfreefromharm.別讓孩子受到傷害。拓展：freeofcharge免費(fèi)14.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears…他們經(jīng)常每隔幾年就在一塊地里更換一次農(nóng)作物。everyfewyears每隔幾年every：adj.與數(shù)詞連用，表示“每……；每隔……”，具體用法是：every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞“每……”every3days=everythirdday每三天everyother+單數(shù)名詞“每?jī)伞眅veryotherday/year/line每隔一天/年/行。everyfew+復(fù)數(shù)名詞“每隔幾……”everyfewmeters每隔幾米15.Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatandcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物能使土壤重新富含重要的礦物質(zhì)，從而使之適宜種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物，比如玉米或小麥。點(diǎn)撥：“makingItreadyfor”為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示一種自然而然的結(jié)果；thatneedrichandfertilesoil為定語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示一個(gè)自然而然的結(jié)果；Moreandmoreflowershavebeenplantedinourschool,makingitasbeautifulasagarden.我們學(xué)校的花越來(lái)越多，是學(xué)校像花園一樣。Theplatedroppedfromherhands,breakingintopieces.盤子從他手中掉下來(lái)，成了碎片練一練：（2022上海）Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,____allfourpeopleonboard.A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokill(2022遼寧)Hewasbusywritingastory,only________onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestoppedD.havingstopped答案：B；B16.Someorganicfarmerspreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil.一些有機(jī)耕作者喜歡在農(nóng)作物之間種草，以防止水土流失prevent：阻止①prevent+n/pron②preventsb（from）doing…=keepsbfromdoing…=stopsb(from)doing…阻止某人做某事17.…h(huán)avethesamegoal:togrowgoodfoodandavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople’shealth.有同樣的目標(biāo)：種植好的糧食，避免損壞環(huán)境或者人們的健康。avoid：避免+n/doing/beingdoneHeavoidedansweringmyquestions.他對(duì)我的問題避而不答。Thethieftriedtoavoidbeingcaught.那個(gè)小偷試圖避免被逮住。P15comment：vt/n評(píng)論；議論；發(fā)表意見①n.評(píng)論、議論【C/U】Nocomment！無(wú)可奉告！Hemadeacommentaboutmymistake.他對(duì)我的錯(cuò)誤做出了評(píng)論②vt./vi.作出評(píng)論、表達(dá)意見Thespecialistscommentedontheweather專家對(duì)天氣狀況做出了評(píng)論。(comment不及物動(dòng)詞常與on/upon連用)Hecommentedthatit’sanexcellentfilm.他評(píng)論說(shuō)這是部好電影Thisisagoodvaluebecause。。。這很劃算，因?yàn)椤璿alue：【U】劃算，上算WeofferthebestvalueinLondon:only5dollarsforamealwithwineandcoffee.本店提供全倫敦最實(shí)惠的美食：飯菜加酒和咖啡收5英鎊。Unit2Workingtheland章節(jié)測(cè)試第一部分：聽力(滿分30分)。做題時(shí)，先將答案劃在試卷上。錄音結(jié)束后，你有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1．5分，滿分7．5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B,C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有l(wèi)0秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.What’sthefoodlike?A.Verybad. B.Notgood. C.Prettygood.2.Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?A.Theyarehavingameeting.B.Theyaretalkingonthephone.C.Theyarelisteningtotheradio.3.What