2021年考研英語試題語法難點(diǎn)精析(1)-虛擬語氣

年考研英語試題語法難點(diǎn)精析(1):虛擬語氣第123頁：混合虛擬語氣第4頁：含蓄虛擬條件句第5頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練第9頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練答案及解析虛擬語氣的重點(diǎn)是：1.一些常見的虛擬語氣的句型或結(jié)構(gòu)。2.虛擬語氣的特殊形式，即用來表示要求、的建議、的命令、的提議、的意愿等的主語從句、的賓語從句、的表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬形式。為復(fù)合虛擬語氣。4.含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣的表示愿望的虛擬形式。幫助，了解哪些觀點(diǎn)是作者假設(shè)的、的虛擬的，哪些是真實(shí)的，這樣對于我們回答關(guān)于作者態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題很有幫助。下面我們將主要從上述四個(gè)方面來重點(diǎn)論述在考試中應(yīng)該注意的問題。一、虛擬語氣的常見類型和句型(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語氣第1頁共28頁wish表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)。wish表示對將來的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：would,could,might+動(dòng)詞原形。C.wish用于對過去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，賓語could,would+have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞。Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath;IwishIhadnotgonetoit.letJoeborrowourradioforthe---“That’sallright,butIwishhewouldbuyoneofhisown.”Iwishthathesolazy.(2)hadhoped引起的賓語從句中備用語動(dòng)詞形式為would+動(dòng)詞原形，表示一種過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或令人失望的事。Hisfatherhadhopedthathissonwouldgotobusinesswithhim,buthissonbecameanartistlater.(3)would(had)rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer所引起的從句中要求用過去式表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)淼那闆r，用過去完成時(shí)表示過去的情況，表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備。例如：I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。第2頁共28頁Iwouldpreferhestaytheretoo不要在那兒可得太久。Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。(4)(high,about)timethat句型中that從句中要求用虛擬語氣形式，即動(dòng)詞要用過去式。timethatsomethingwasdoneaboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.現(xiàn)在是我們該結(jié)束講座的時(shí)候了。(5)as,或者whether…or…謂語多用be的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，這種用法通常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,betheyChristian,Islamivc,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.Thebusinessofeachday,beitsellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.(6)由連接詞incase,sothat,unless,lest,forfearthat引起的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬形式，即would)+動(dòng)詞原形，例如：should(might,Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.她在那個(gè)嬰兒身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼。第3頁共28頁Thebadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllestheinjurehimself.(7)ifitwerenotfor…與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，ifithadnotbeenfor與過去事實(shí)相反，兩個(gè)都相當(dāng)于butIfithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butforhishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.(8)虛擬語氣用于as句中，其動(dòng)詞形式與wish賓語從句的形式相同。例如：Sheoftenlaughsspontaneously,andhergoodhumorbreaksoutasbrightlyasifitwereapartofthesunshineabove.她常常發(fā)出發(fā)自內(nèi)露出來。Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsfor談著，就好像他們是我年的老朋友一樣。Shelooksasifshewouldcry.她看起來好像要哭了。(9)其它各種句型,asthough,suppose,hadrather,supposing,ifonly等等IfIwereinamovie,thenitwouldbeabouttimethatIburiedmyheadinmyhandsforacry.12345678910第12氣第3頁：混合虛擬語氣第4頁：含蓄虛擬條件句第5頁：強(qiáng)化第4頁共28頁訓(xùn)練第9頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練答案及解析二、特殊形式的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣的特殊形式，即用來表示要求、的建議、的命令、的提的虛擬形式，其虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成往往是由should(可省略)+動(dòng)詞原形that從句。A、的用于表示意愿、的建議、的命令、的提議、的請求等動(dòng)詞后的that賓語從句中，這類動(dòng)詞有：ask要求advise建議arrange安排beg請求command命令decide決定demand要求desire渴望determine決定insist堅(jiān)持intend打算maintain堅(jiān)持主張move建議，動(dòng)員propose提議object反對order命令prefer建議require需要request要求resolve下決心recommend推薦suggest建議stipulateurge強(qiáng)調(diào)，促進(jìn)vote公認(rèn)，提議decree頒布(法令)pray請求thatdoing或者todo…來表達(dá)，一般情況下，意思沒有什么差別。SheadvisedthatweshouldkeepthegateSheadvisedustokeepthegateSheadvisedkeepingthegateB、的用于Itis+形容詞或過去分詞+主語從句中，這類形容詞第5頁共28頁或分詞有：advisable合理的decided決定的crucial關(guān)鍵的appropriate恰當(dāng)?shù)膁etermined決定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential緊要的complied遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的desirable合意的better較好的insistent堅(jiān)持的desired想要asked請求keen渴望的incredible難以置信的adamant堅(jiān)定不移的natural自然的insisted堅(jiān)持necessary必要的suggested建議urgent緊迫的ordered命令shocked震驚的vital極其重要的possible可能的strange奇怪的preferable(好一點(diǎn))proposed提議requested要求的required要求的recommended推薦resolved決定的probable(可能的)pity可惜，憾事shame遺憾thatfor…todo…來表達(dá)，一般情況下，意思沒有什么差別。第6頁共28頁Itisessentialthatheshouldbepreparedforthis.Itisessentialforhimtobepreparedforthis.C.用于由表示建議、的要求、的命令、的請示等含義的名詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句和同位語從句中，這類名詞常見的有：advice忠告decision決定demand要求desire要求、的愿望insistence堅(jiān)持motion提議necessity必要性order命令preference偏愛proposal提議pray懇求recommendation推薦request要求requirement要求resolution決心suggestion勸告、的忠告例如：Thisistheirresolutionthatextra-curriculumactivitiesbemadepartoftheirschool活動(dòng)成為他們學(xué)校生活的一部分。Themotionthattheremarkofthelastspeakerbeexpungedfromtherecord.該提議要求把最后一個(gè)發(fā)言的人的講話從記錄上除掉。第12氣第3頁：混合虛擬語氣第4頁：含蓄虛擬條件句第5頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練第9頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練答案及解析三、混合虛擬語氣第7頁共28頁語氣。一般來說，在這種情況下，主從句謂語動(dòng)詞指代的時(shí)間不同，實(shí)際情況靈活使用，在做這些題目時(shí)候尤其要注意每道題目的提示這是我解題的關(guān)鍵。Ifyouthatlatemovielastnight,youbesosleepy.A.haven’twatchedB.watchC.hadn’twatchedD.havewatched答案選Manydeadwouldnowbealiveiftheyhavenotattemptedtoreturnforsomething.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.的句子不僅僅是時(shí)間的不同，而重要是事實(shí)和假設(shè)的混合。Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.該句前半部分是假設(shè)虛擬，而后半部分是事實(shí)的陳述。Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.該句前半句用的是假設(shè)虛擬，后半句主句也用的是假設(shè)虛擬(如第8頁共28頁母病了”是客觀事實(shí)，故不需要用虛擬形式had第12氣第3頁：混合虛擬語氣第4頁：含蓄虛擬條件句第5頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練第9頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練答案及解析四、含蓄虛擬條件句if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常來表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：(1)介詞或介詞短語，如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermorefavorablecondition等。theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherebeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor答案選Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(2)連詞，如：sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided(倘若……)，forfearthat(唯恐)，inorderthat,onconditionthat,ifonly(要是……就好了)等。Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.=ifshelistenedcarefully,shemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.第9頁共28頁IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar.(注：lest,forfearthat和incase引起的從句中謂語動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形，但可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動(dòng)詞的陳述語氣形式。)例如：Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim.這位外籍教師說得很慢以免我們聽不懂。Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur.在使用此法時(shí)要小心謹(jǐn)慎，以免會(huì)發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。(3)通過上下文及內(nèi)在含義，句中往往有unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。but,otherwise,Ithoughtthechildrenwhenwereturnedhome,buttheywerestillawake.A.weresleepingB.wouldbesleepingC.hadbeensleepingD.wouldsleep選擇(4)形容詞及其比較級Amorecarefulpersonwouldnothavemadesomanymistakes.Alessconscientiousmanhavetriedsohardtogetthisjobdone.(5)分詞短語Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.Borntendaysearlier,theboycouldhaveseenhislatefather.第10頁共28頁(6)動(dòng)詞不定式短語。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were+不定式完成式或had示虛擬。IintendedIshouldcallonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.TohearhimspeakFrench,youwouldtakehimforanEnglishman.Shewouldbestupidnottoaccepthisinvitation.Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(7)名詞短語和名詞+and結(jié)構(gòu)Ajudiciousmanwouldnothavecommittedsuicide.Adiligentstudentwouldhaveworkedharder.(8)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Allthingsconsidered,thepricewouldbereasonable.(9)定語從句Anyonewhohadbeeninyourpositionwouldhavedonethesame.Anation,whichstoppedworking,wouldbedeadinafortnight.(10)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式暗示虛擬語氣：Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn’t.第11頁共28頁Theporteroughttohavecalledthefire-brigadeassoonashesawthefireinthestock,whichwentupinsmoke.(11)動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬體中，動(dòng)詞原形一般用在條件從句中，有時(shí)倒裝置于句首，同時(shí)這種用法也常見于獨(dú)立句中表達(dá)愿望。Godblessyou!Allmagnetsbehavethesame,betheylargeorsmall.She’llbesixteenyearsodd,comMay.(comeMay=whenMaycome).Ifthatbeso,weshalltakeactionatonce.第12氣第3頁：混合虛擬語氣第4頁：含蓄虛擬條件句第5頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練第9頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練答案及解析強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：虛擬語氣1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,weallright.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe2.morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.HadthecaptainbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhemetomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenable第12頁共28頁C.werenotableD.arenotable4.Ifyouaskedyourfatheryoupermission.A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavecalledD.maybeget5.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves6.______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were7.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,______allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.couldloseB.wouldhavelostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelost8.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe9.IfyouJerryBrownuntilrecently,you’dthinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.A.shouldn’tcontactB.didn’tcontactC.weren’ttocontactD.contacted10.heEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday第13頁共28頁A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor11.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIyouradviceA.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed12.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.hadn’tcontacted13.Ifthehorsewontoday,itthirtyracesinfiveyears.A.wouldhavewonB.wonC.musthavewonD.didhavewon14.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_______asuddenloudnoise.A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen15.Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefilesrightaway.A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprintedC.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted②在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個(gè)定語。如：DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamond年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈?whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace第14頁共28頁實(shí)際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾years。tenyearsago實(shí)際上是定語后置修飾afternoon。的主語，因定語從句較長，主句謂語較短，為使句子平衡，常將定語從句移至謂語之后如：AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.明天，新(男)老師將來較你德語。第12氣第3頁：混合虛擬語氣第4頁：含蓄虛擬條件句第5頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練第9頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練答案及解析強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練16.JeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitinareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.A.istobeanalyzedB.hasbeenanalyzedC.beanalyzedD.shouldhavebeenanalyzed17.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI______fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was18.IapologizeifIyou,butIassureyouitwas第15頁共28頁unintentional.A.offendB.hadoffendedC.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended19.Ifyoutakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we’dtherebynow.A.beB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling20.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling21.IwishthatI______withyoulastnight.A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone22.IwishIwithher.A.wouldbeB.amC.wasD.were23.IwishthatItheconcertlastnight.A.couldB.haveattendedC.couldhaveattendedD.attended24.Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishItoit.A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgoneC.didnotgoD.cannothavegone25.“Iwishyoumetoputthesethingshesaid.A.willhelpB.helpC.arehelpingD.wouldhelp26.IftheWatergateIncidentNixonwouldnothaveresigned第16頁共28頁fromthepresidency.A.didnotoccurB.hadnotoccurredC.wasnotoccurringD.becircling27.Ihadn’texpectedJamestoapologizebutIhadhoped.A.himcallingmeB.thathewouldcallmeC.himtocallmeD.thathecallme28.Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedtheproceedings.A.ifhegetaflattireB.iftheflattirethappenedC.hadhenothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditself29.TheteachersuggestedthatherstudentsexperienceswithESP.A.writeacompositionontheirB.towritecompositionabouttheC.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorherD.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis30.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe______aChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen第12氣第3頁：混合虛擬語氣第4頁：含蓄虛擬條件句第5頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練第9頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練答案及解析第17頁共28頁31.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistripagreatsuccess.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was32.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen33.Johnissostronglybuiltthathelooksasifheaselephant.A.liftsB.isliftingC.liftedD.couldlift34.Hedescribedthetownasifheithimself.A.hadseenB.hasseenC.sawD.sees35.Atthatthoughtheshookhimself,asthoughhefromanevildream.A.wokeB.wakesC.wouldwakeD.hadwoke36.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryouanythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.C.didn’tD.didn’tdo37.Althoughmostadoptedpersonswanttherighttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare,somewhohavefoundthemwishthattheytheexperienceofmeeting.A.B.havehadC.hadD.第18頁共28頁have38.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLofficeyourregistration.A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm39.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchofadvancedtechnology.A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved40.Hetoldhertoreturnthebookintimesothatothersachancetoreadit.A.mayhaveB.willhaveC.wouldhaveD.mighthave41.Itistimethatthegovernmentmeasurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.A.takesB.tookC.hastakenD.taking42.Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicant______alldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity.A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave43.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehetothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome44.Imustsayhereadsverywell,andIshouldn’tbesurprisedifheactingforalivingoneday.A.hadtakenupB.takesupC.havetakenupD.wouldhave第19頁共28頁takenup45.IfIhadseenthemovie,Iyouallaboutitnow.A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold第12氣第3頁：混合虛擬語氣第4頁：含蓄虛擬條件句第5頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練第9頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練答案及解析46.Ihadn’texpectedHenrytoapologizebutIhadhoped.A.himtcallmeupB.himcallingmeupC.thathewouldcallmeupD.thathewillcallme47.IhadhopedthatJohn______ayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.A.spendsB.spentC.wouldspendD.willspend48.IhadhopedthatJenniferadoctor,butshewasn’tgoodenoughatscience.A.willbecomeB.becameC.wouldbecomeD.becomes49.ratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.doC.D.didn’t50.justassoon_______rudelytoher.A.thatyouspeakB.younotspeakingC.younotspeakD.youspeak51.hightimetheythisroad.A.mendB.mendedC.musthavemendedD.willmend第20頁共28頁52.abouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake53.Everybodyhasarrived.timewetheclass.A.shallstartB.wouldstartC.hadstartedD.start54.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor55.Marymyletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.A.hasreceivedB.oughttohavereceivedC.couldn’thavereceivedD.havereceived56.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehe_______toseehisclassmatesoff.A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming57.workinghardforfearthathe.A.shouldfallbehindB.C.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallbehind58.Withoutthedreamsoftheyouth,thisinventionmightforacentury.A.havebeenpostponedB.hasbeenpostponedC.postponeD.bepostponed第21頁共28頁59.Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwives______inthehome.A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking60.Forachildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone,itrequiresthatthechildpsychologicallyreadyforthenewidea.A.isB.wereC.beD.wouldbe61.father,aswellashismother,inNewYorkforafewdaysmore.A.askhimtostayB.askhetostayC.askshestaysD.askshestay62.Youradvicethat______tillnextweekisreasonable.A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited63.Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefilesrightaway.A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprintedC.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted64.Itwasessentialthatweleasebeforetheendofthemonth.A.singB.singedC.hadsignedD.weresigning65.Itisappropriatethatsometime______thoroughstudyoftheresultsoftheApollomission.A.devotestoB.devotedtoC.isdevotedtoD.bedevoted第22頁共28頁to第12氣第3頁：混合虛擬語氣第4頁：含蓄虛擬條件句第5頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練第9頁：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練答案及解析【答案與詳解】1.A.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。2.B.條件句表示與過去事實(shí)的虛擬。3.A.條件句表示與未來事實(shí)的虛擬。4.B.條件句表示與未來事實(shí)的相反。5.C.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。6.D.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。7.B.這個(gè)句子中含有一個(gè)省略if，把助動(dòng)詞提前到主語they之bythetimetheywerefinished表明主句也應(yīng)該是對過去發(fā)生的情況的假設(shè)，因而應(yīng)該選(B)wouldhavelost為正確答案。8.(D)這道題目是一個(gè)混合虛擬語氣的句子。條件句省略了把助詞had提前到主語前面，表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中now表明了對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)選would(should,could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形這種表達(dá)形式。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有(D)是正確表達(dá)形式，故為正確答案。9.(D)untilrecently，因此(D)是正確答案，而主句是隱含的對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，該句是一個(gè)混合虛擬條件句。第23頁共28頁由介詞如butbutwithout,由連詞but、的副詞otherwise、的比較級、的形容詞、的獨(dú)立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上由于英語考試而沒有去Butfor為正確答案。中真實(shí)情況的發(fā)生，故Ifonly條件句假設(shè)的