2011年考研英語真題及答案

2011年考研英語(一)SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughter2 short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels, 3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5 theway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughter plishes7,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter8 muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11 oneclassicaltheory emotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted reactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry theyaresadbuttheyesadwhenthetearsbegintoAlthoughsadnessalso tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15 responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16 apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificials–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17 expression.Thosedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown, thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround20 ,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprove1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]orMarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40TextThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas[A]incurredcriticism.[B]raisedsuspicion.[C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedTommasiniregardsGilbertasanwhoisTheauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.[D]overestimatethevalueofliveAccordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeelsTextWhenLiamMcGeedepartedasofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexnationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunninga.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexnationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionnsinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtooWhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeingAccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.[B]attendedto.[C]huntedfor.[D]guardedagainst.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.[D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?[B]CEOs:AlltheWay[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformersText3Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.traditional“paid”media–suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillyamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmedia anothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenan merceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationscetheircontentormerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhosandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgenerating e,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorn eshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetatrisk.Insuchacase,the’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsen,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-newssiteDigg.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyobscssedwithonlineshopatcertainWebinspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttoeagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityenthusiastic mendingtheirfavoriteAccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediaasafebusinessrandomstronguserflexibilityinTheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedinviteconstantswithpassionatecanbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmayberesponsibleforfiercerdeserveallthenegativecommentsaboutToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexamplerespondingeffectivelytohijackedpersuadingcustomersintoboycottingcooperatingwithsupportivetakingadvantageofhijackedWhichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyaboutAlternativestoconventionalpaidbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.DominanceofhijackedPopularityofownedTextIt’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“IloveMyChildren,IHateMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompleyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationandThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegababy-sizeholesintheirlives.Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneylit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring[A]temporarydelight[B]enjoymentinprogress[C]happinessinretrospect[D]lastingrewardWelearnfromParagraph2celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirAccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesisWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.PartBThefollowingparagrapharegiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Liture,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducatedshouldposses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread”-theyformasortofsocialglue.Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeenOnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshaveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.”O(jiān)therwise,academicswillcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateandcriticize.”Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedto elessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.”Yetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddosenotsay.ThesubtleandinligentlittlebookTheMarketceofIdeas:ReformandintheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.G→41.→42.→E→43.→44.PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.(46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesire,concluded:“Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare.”Achievementhappensbecauseyouasaembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’t“get”successbut eit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindand\PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonotmakea ,theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,a ’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwe eofwhatispossible.SectionⅢPart51.Writealettertoafriendofyoursmendoneofyourfavoritemoviesgivereasonsfor Yourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheleter.User“LIMING”instead.Donotwritertheaddress.(10points)Part52.Writeanessayof160---200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youdescribethedrawingexinit’sintendedmeaning,giveyourYourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20旅程之“余2011年考研英語一答案及詳SectionIUseof1-5 6-10 11-15 16- 解析：語義邏輯題。第一句含義是“古希臘哲學家把笑看作是“有益于身體健康的寶貴 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，A、B、C、D四個選項中只有C選項表轉(zhuǎn)折“盡管”，故是正確選項。 短期的改變”。A.reflect“反映”，B.demand“要求”，C.indicate“表明，暗示”，D.produce“產(chǎn)生”，只有D選項符合語境，所以是正確答案。解析：語義搭配題。文中提到“笑能夠心律呼吸速率。Astabilizing意思是“安定，穩(wěn)定”，B.boosting“促進，推進”，C.impairing“損害，削弱”，Ddetermining“決定”，根據(jù)語境應該是“笑能夠促進心律呼吸速率”，B為正確答案。解析：語義辨析題。這句話意思是“但是因為大笑很難，一次狂笑不可能……”，四個選項的含義分別是A.transmit“”，B.sustain“維持”，C.evaluate“評估”，D.observe“觀察”，根據(jù)語境，只B.sustain生益處。Ameasurable“重大的，重要的”，B.manageable“易控制的”，C.affordable“負擔得起的”，Drenewable“可再生的”，四個選項中能和“益處”A.measurable作用”，對上文有承接還有轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，A.Inturn意思是“輪流”，C.Inaddition是“另外”，D.Inbrief意思是“簡而言之”B.Infact“事實上”符合上下文語境，是正確選項。解析：語義邏輯題。第二段第二句的意思是說“45分鐘內(nèi)會降低肌肉張力”，跟上文中的“其他的鍛煉可以拉緊增強肌肉”A.opposite是正確選解析：語義搭配題。空格前后面是“ 肌肉”，A.hardens“使變硬”，B.weakens“減少tightens“是變緊”，Drelaxes“放松”，因為上文提到了“其他的鍛煉可以拉緊增強肌肉，很顯然笑確實起到了相反的作用”?！袄o”D.relaxes，故正確。解析：語義搭配題。這句話的意思是“這樣的身體放松可能會幫 心理緊張狀態(tài)的影響?！盿ggravate“加劇，”，B.generate“使形成，發(fā)生”，C.moderate“節(jié)制，減輕”，D.enhance“增加”，根據(jù)上下文語境，只能是“減輕心理壓力”C是正確選項。解析：語義邏輯題。這句話的意思是“笑的行為畢竟可能會產(chǎn)生其他形式的反饋來提高的情緒狀態(tài)?！逼渲刑岬健靶Φ男袨椤?，它是一種身體上的行為，后面提到“其他反饋”，應該是和“笑”相A。解析：詞義辨析題。根據(jù)已知信息推測，應該是“根據(jù)一個經(jīng)典的情緒理論，……”A.Exceptfor表示“除了……”，它引出一個與前面的詞相反的原因或者事例；B.Accordingto“根據(jù)，按照”，表示依據(jù)，后面常跟表示理論、思想之類的詞，是正確答案。C.Dueto“由于，因為”后面跟一般原因，D.As解析：固定搭配題。berootedin是固定詞組表示“來源于……”berooted跟其它選項不搭配使用， 心。”傷心和哭之間是因果關(guān)系，所以答案應該是D.because。解析：詞義辨析/although。although表示假設，讓步。由上文提到當人們流淚時才覺得傷心可知，傷心在流淚之后。這里要說另一種情況“傷心也會在流淚之前”A.exhausts“使筋疲力盡；使疲憊”，B.follows“跟隨”C.precedes“先于，表示在……之前發(fā)生(或出現(xiàn))”；D.suppresses“；；抑制”，語義不符。解析：詞義辨析題。由已知信息可知原文要表達“顯示情緒是肌肉反映的結(jié)果”A.into“入…………里B.from來自”表原因，符合表達需要，故為正確答案。C.towardsD.beyond“超出，超過”意思不符合，故排除。解析：詞義辨析題。Afetch“取來”，B.bite“”C.pick“”Dhold“住”，根據(jù)上下文信息可知該實驗要求用牙咬住或者用嘴含住一支筆。hold的意思最符合。Adisappointed“失望的”意思最符合，B.excited興奮的”，C.joyful“快樂的”，Dindifferent“漠不關(guān)解析：詞義辨析題。Aadaptedto“變得習慣于……,使適應于……”，B.cateredto迎合，滿足某種需要或要求”，C.turned……to“轉(zhuǎn)向”，D.reactedto“對……作出反應”，根據(jù)原文表達需要“在有趣的動畫片時……”D.reactedto。表情失望的人在有趣的動畫片時反應更加豐富”，我們可以推斷出一個結(jié)論A.suggesting表明，后接結(jié)論的句子，符合要求，故為正確答案。B.requiring“需要，要求”， C.mentioning“提到”，D.supposing“假定，假設”都不符合上下文語境，故排除。理行為可以使心情好轉(zhuǎn)”，前后句解釋的是同一種情況。A.EventuallyB.Consequently，都是作為“總結(jié)”的副詞，D.Conversely表示“相反”，只有C.Similarly“相似的是”，符合上下文邏輯，是正確選SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartATextOneGilbert文第一段第二句“Forthemostparttheresponsehasbeenfavorable,和“Hooray!Atlast!”可知回應是積極的，因此正確答案是[C]receivedacclaim(得到稱贊)。干擾項：選項[A]incurredcriticism招致批評)，選項[B]raisedsuspicion(引起懷疑)[D]arousedcuriosity(引起大眾的好奇)，都不符合原文意思。TommasiniGilbert的評論：callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim”TommasiniGilbertanunpretentiousmusician。unpretentiousun(否定前綴)pretentiouspretentiouspretend(假裝，)，那么可推出unpretentious是“不做，不虛飾或矯揉造作的”，答案[B]modest(謙遜的)意干擾項：文中提到，withnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim，意思是“他沒有指揮家那種強大的、令人敬畏的氣勢”，據(jù)此我們可以排除選項[A]influential(有的)和選項[C]respectable(值得尊敬的)。選項[D]talented(有才華的)在文中也找不到依據(jù)，故排除。自己選擇聽唱片/而不是聽現(xiàn)場音樂會。第四段開頭作者提到，devotedconcertgoers認為“不能代替現(xiàn)場表演”devotedconcertgoersaremissingthepoint(現(xiàn)場表演虔誠的追隨者沒有切中要害)Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances，即便宜、容易得到，且通常比今天的現(xiàn)場音樂會有更高的藝術(shù)品質(zhì)。[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances(高估了現(xiàn)場表演的價值)devotedconcertgoers觀點的高度概括，故為正確答案。干擾項：選項[A]意思是“喜歡聽現(xiàn)場音樂會的人忽視了現(xiàn)場表演的花銷”Theserecordingsarecheap，但是這個選項片面，沒有概括性。選項[B]意思是“大多數(shù)種類演唱會”沒devotedconcertgoersdevotedconcertgoers的描述Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformance…存在誤差。選項[C]recordings，作者主要在第四段加以論述。從第四段第三句“Theserecordingsarecheap，availableeverywhere…”和第四段最后一句“thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbrought?！焙苋菀淄茢喑鲞x項[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic(大眾很容易就能得recordingsarecheap…veryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances”可知選項[A]是錯誤的。選項[C]“他們幫助提高了音樂的品質(zhì)”是對文中“Theserecordings…veryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances”的曲解。選項[D]太過絕對，無法從文中推出。Gilbert在振興交響樂團中的作用是什么態(tài)度。文章最后一段，尤其是最后三句提到，“Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract。”“Gilbert與眾不同的實質(zhì)僅僅是增加了管弦樂隊的，這是不夠的”，“Gilbert和thePhilharmonic要成功，還必須做一些事情”Gilbert在振興交響樂團中的作用。故[A]干擾項：[B]項enthusiastic(充滿熱情的)和[C]項confident(有信心)為干擾項。[D]項puzzled(迷惑的)是不符合的，作者不可能對其論述的內(nèi)容迷惑不解，故排除。TextTwo解析：細節(jié)題。題目問到“當McGee宣布他離開時，對他的態(tài)度可以最好的描述 。”文章首首句提到，“WhenLiamMcGeedeparted…,hisexnationwassurprisinglystraightup?！?，即“當LiamMcGee離開時，他的解釋是直率的”，后文具體描述時還提到，“Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaid…”，即“他不是用通常模糊的理由掩飾他的離開，而是坦率地說……”