項(xiàng)目前景和范圍目錄

BusinessRequirements業(yè)務(wù)需<Thebusinessrequirementsprovidethefoundationandreferenceforalldetailedrequirementsdevelopment.Youmaygatherbusinessrequirementsfromthecustomerordevelopmentorganization’sseniormanagement,anexecutivesponsor,aprojectvisionary,productmanagement,themarketingdepartment,orotherindividualswhohaveaclearsenseofwhytheprojectisbeingundertakenandtheultimatevalueitwillprovide,bothtothebusinessandtocustomers.>項(xiàng)目背<Thissectionsummarizestherationaleforthenewproduct.Provideageneraldescriptionofthehistoryorsituationthatleadstotherecognitionthatthisproductshouldbebuilt.>業(yè)務(wù)機(jī)<Describethemarketopportunitythatexistsorthebusinessproblemthatisbeingsolved.Describethemarketinwhichacommercialproductwillbecompetingortheenvironmentinwhichaninformationsystemwillbeused.Thismayincludeabriefcomparativeevaluationofexistingproductsandpotentialsolutions,indicatingwhytheproposedproductisattractive.Identifytheproblemsthatcannotcurrentlybesolvedwithouttheproduct,andhowtheproductfitsinwithmarkettrendsorcorporatestrategicdirections.>業(yè)務(wù)目<Describetheimportantbusinessobjectivesoftheproductinawaythattativeandmeasurable.Thevalueprovidedtocustomersisdescribedinsection1.4,sothissectionshouldfocusonthevalueprovidedtothebusiness.Thiscouldincludeestimatesofrevenueorcostsavings,returnoninvestmentysis,ortargetreleasedates.Determinehowsuccesswillbedefinedandmeasuredonthisproject,anddescribethefactorsthatarelikelytohavethegreatestimpactonachievingthatsuccess.Includethingswithinthedirectcontroloftheorganization,aswellasexternalfactors.Establishmeasurablecriteriatoassesswhetherthebusinessobjectiveshavebeenmet.><Describetheneedsoftypicalcustomersormarketsegments,includingneedsthatarenotyetmetbythemarketceorbyexistingsystems.Youmaywishtodescribeproblemscustomerscurrentlyencounterthatthenewproductwill(orwillnot)addressandhowtheproductwouldbeusedbycustomers.Identifythecustomerhardwareandsoftwareenvironmentinwhichtheproductmustoperate.Defineatahighlevelanyknowncriticalinterfaceorperformancerequirements.Avoidincludinganydesignorimplementationdetails.Presenttherequirementsinanumberedlistsothatmoredetaileduserorfunctionalrequirementscanbetracedtothem.>業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)<Summarizethemajorbusinessrisksassociatedwithdevelothisproduct,suchasmarketcecompetition,timingissues,useracceptance,implementationissues,orpossiblenegativeimpactsonthebusiness.Estimatetheseverityoftherisksandidentifyanyriskmitigationactionsthatcouldbetaken.>項(xiàng)目前<Thissectionestablishesalong-termvisionforthesystemtobebuilttoaddressthebusinessobjectives.Thisvisionwillprovidethecontextformakingdecisionsthroughoutthecourseoftheproductdevelopmentlifecycle.Thevisionshouldnotincludedetailedfunctionalrequirementsorprojectnninginformation.>前景概<Writeaconcisevisionstatementthatsummarizesthepurposeandintentofthenewproductanddescribeswhattheworldwillbelikewhenitincludestheproduct.Thevisionstatementshouldreflectabalancedviewthatwillsatisfytheneedsofdiversecustomersaswellasthoseofthedeveloorganization.Itmaybesomewhatidealistic,butitshouldbegroundedintherealitiesofexistingoranticipatedcustomermarkets,enterprisearchitectures,organizationalstrategicdirections,andcostandresourcelimitations.>主要特<Includeanumberedlistofthemajorfeaturesofthenewproduct,emphasizingthosefeatures thatdistinguishitfrompreviousorcompetingproducts.Specificuserrequirementsandfunctionalrequirementsmaybetracedbacktothesefeatures.><Recordanyassumptionsthatweremadewhenconceivingtheprojectandwritingthisvisionandscope.Noteanymajordependenciestheprojectmustrelyuponforsuccess,suchasspecific,third-partyvendors,developmentpartners,orotherbusinessrelationships.>范圍與局<Theprojectscopedefinestheconceptandrangeoftheproposedsolution.It’salsoimportanttodefinewhatwillnotbeincludedintheproduct.Clarifyingthescopeandlimitationshelpstoestablishrealisticexpectationsofthemanystakeholders.Italsoprovidesareferenceframeagainstwhichproposedfeaturesandrequirementschangescanbeevaluated.Proposedrequirementsthatareoutofscopefortheenvisionedproductmustberejected,unlesstheyaresobeneficialthatthescopeshouldbeenlargedto modatethem(with panyingchangesinbudget,schedule,and/orresources).>初始版本范<Describetheintendedmajorfeaturesthatwillbeincludedintheinitialreleaseoftheproduct.Considerthebenefitstheproductisintendedtobringtothevariouscustomercommunities,andgenerallydescribetheproductfeaturesandqualitycharacteristicsthatwillenableittoprovidethosebenefits.Avoidthetemptationtoincludeeverypossiblefeaturethatanypotentialcustomercategorymightconceivablywantsomeday.Focusonthosefeaturesandproductcharacteristicsthatwillprovidethemostvalue,atthemostacceptabledevelopmentcost,tothebroadest后繼版本范<Ifastagedevolutionoftheproductisenvisionedovertime,indicatewhichmajorfeatureswillbedeferredtolaterreleases.><Identifyanyproductfeaturesorcharacteristicsthatastakeholdermightanticipate,butwhicharenotnnedtobeincludedinthenewproduct.>業(yè)務(wù)背<Thissectionsummarizessomeofthebusinessissuesaroundtheproject,includingprofilesofmajorcustomercategories,assumptionsthatwentintotheprojectconcept,andthemanagementprioritiesfortheproject.>涉眾資<Stakeholdersareindividuals,groups,ororganizationsthatareactivelyinvolvedinaproject,areaffectedbyits e,orcaninfluenceits e.Thestakeholderprofilesidentifythecustomersforthisproductandotherstakeholders,andstatestheirmajorinterestsintheproduct.Characterizebusiness-levelcustomers,targetmarketsegments,anddifferentuserclasses,toreducethelikelihoodofunexpectedrequirementssurfacinglaterthatcannotbe modatedbecauseofscheduleorscopeconstraints.Foreachstakeholdercategory,theprofileincludesthemajorvalueorbenefitstheywillreceivefromtheproduct,theirlikelyattitudestowardtheproduct,majorfeaturesandcharacteristicsofinterest,andanyknownconstraintsthatmustbe modated.Examplesofstakeholdervalueinclude:improvedreducedcoststreamlinedbusinessautomationofpreviouslymanualabilitytoperformentirelynewtasksorconformancetocurrentstandardsorimprovedusabilityorreducedfrustrationlevelcomparedtocurrentMajorseeproductasavenueto25%increaseinmarketricherfeaturesetthancompetitors;timetobudget=$1.4Mfewererrorsinworkhighlyreceptive,butexpecthighautomaticcorrection;easeofuse;highreliabilitymustrunonlegalquickaccesstodataresistantunlessproductis patiblewithcurrentsystemabilitytohandlemuchlargerdatabasethancurrentsystem;easytonobudgetfor<Describetheprioritiesamongtheproject’srequirements,schedule,andbudget.Thetablebelowmaybehelpfulinidentifyingtheparametersaroundtheproject’skeydrivers(toppriorityobjectives),constraintstoworkwithin,anddimensionsthatcanbebalancedagainsteachothertoachievethedriverswithintheknownconstraints.Formoreinformation,seechapter2ofCreatingaSoftwareEngineeringCulturebyKarlE.Wiegers(DorsetHouse,1996).Examples:>(state(stateDegree (stateallowablerelease1.0tobeavailableby10/1,release1.1by12/170-80%ofhighpriorityfeaturesmustbeincludedinrelease1.090-95%ofuseracceptancetestsmustpassforrelease1.0,95-98%forrelease