2018高考英語完形填空講解

2018高考英語完形填空講解第一頁，共23頁。Howtodoclozetests?完形填空第二頁，共23頁。做完形的時(shí)候你有以下問題嗎？煩慢錯(cuò)不得不做，硬著頭皮做，還是錯(cuò)第三頁，共23頁。

完形填空考查的是對(duì)學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力，但是每一個(gè)空格的設(shè)置并不是隨心所欲的，命題人主要通過上下文暗示出的某種信息來保證答案的正確性和唯一性。考生應(yīng)該通過上下文的暗示獲取解題信息，留意暗送的“秋波”，也就是：關(guān)鍵詞出題者的初衷第四頁，共23頁。命題特點(diǎn)：1.短文長度300詞左右，記敘文、說明文和議論文（主要是夾敘夾議類）為主。記敘文故事情節(jié)多有曲折；議論文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)層次分明，有很多對(duì)仗現(xiàn)象。2.首句無空格，提供語境。5-10詞設(shè)一空，人名、地名、日期、數(shù)字不在之列。3.選項(xiàng)多為一詞，偶爾會(huì)為詞組。四選項(xiàng)為同一類詞或?qū)偻环懂?，或近義或形異義，或與前后配成詞組。故干擾性、迷性大。有時(shí)單獨(dú)看一句話語法都是正確的，但根據(jù)上下文只有一個(gè)正確答案。第五頁，共23頁。4.考查單詞以實(shí)詞(v,n,adj,adv,pron.)為主，虛詞(conj.,prep.)為輔。實(shí)詞一般占80%-90%。5.以考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的整體理解（篇章邏輯題）和詞匯的意義（詞匯題）把握為主。有些要結(jié)合常識(shí)才能正確選項(xiàng)；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上，正確把握上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，才能正確判斷和選擇。6.有些空格答案由上文決定（前置性設(shè)空），有些由后文決定（后置性設(shè)空），有些要綜合上下文才能得到答案（語篇性設(shè)空），以后置性設(shè)空為主。第六頁，共23頁。英語完形填空解題步驟速覽全文，把握大意。細(xì)讀首句，摸清文路。瞻前顧后，準(zhǔn)確選擇。復(fù)核全文，調(diào)整答案。≈2mins≈10mins≈2mins≈1mins第七頁，共23頁。Herearesome

Basicskillsof

cloze第八頁，共23頁。eg1.Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood_____.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesight1)Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.C2)Theycan’tlistentomusicornewsovertheradio,buttheycanreadwithglasses.3)Theycan’twalkoutside,buttheycanwatchTVorlistentomusicornewsovertheradioathome.AB第九頁，共23頁。eg2.Waittillyouaremore_____.

A.relaxedB.satisfied

C.certainC2)I’llimproveitoncemore.B3)Orelseyou’llbemorenervousonthestage.Aeg3.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very____.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous1)It’sbettertobesure.Skill1:Choosingbycontext(上下文、語境)第十頁，共23頁。eg1.Whenwetalked,Idiscovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）somedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle____thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.

A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.later√Skill2：logic（邏輯推理）eg2.Mymotheroftenaskedme，“Whatisthemostimportantpartofthebody?”

Ithoughtsoundwasveryimportanttousashumans，soIsaid．“My________，Mommy．”

Shesaid，“No．Manypeoplearedeaf（聾的）…A.earsB.eyesC.bodyD.head√第十一頁，共23頁。eg1.Atthismoment,theairhostess

1.Shelookedpale,butwasquite2.

1.A.showedB.presentedC.exposedD.appeared

2.A.well

B.stillC.calmD.quietVt.Vt.Vt.ViSkill3:Choosingby

meaningsofwordsandexpressions(詞匯和短語用法)eg2.Inthemorning,thekingwenttovisitthepond.Tohissurprise,thepondwasonlyfilledwithwater!Whathappened?Yes!Everyonehadthesameidea__thatman.A.withB.toC.asD.ofthesame第十二頁，共23頁。例Wedon’thavetotellchildren55theyshouldlearnfromthestoryandwhatthemoralis.55.A.that B.what C.which D.whomtellsb.sth.learnsth.from..第十三頁，共23頁。。Skill4:Choosingbygrammar(語法分析)eg1.…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange____quitepleasanttaste.A.besideB.butC.andD.or第十四頁，共23頁。

。

eg1.Iturnedthekeyinthelockand_____thedooropen.knockedB.forcedC.pushedD.triedeg2.Allovertheworldpeopleswimforfun.Swimmingisenjoyedbypeopleof______ages,fromtheveryyoungtotheveryold.Therearemanyplacesforpeopletoswiminswimmingpools.A.allB.noneC.someD.bothSkill5:Choosingbycommonsense(常識(shí))eg3.(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe＿＿＿＿＿h(yuǎn)ospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest第十五頁，共23頁。Skill6choosingbytherepetitionofthesameword完形填空試題中，有些詞語常常重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇中。要學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用與選項(xiàng)意義緊密相連的同義詞或近義詞。第十六頁，共23頁。例

IfellinlovewithYosemiteNationalParkthefirsttimeIsawit,whenIwas13.Myparentstookusthereforcamping.Onthewayout,IaskedthemtowaitwhileIranuptoELCapitan,a16rockof3,300feetstraightup.Itouchedthatgiantrockandknew17(immediately)Iwantedtoclimbit.Thathasbeenmylife’spassion(鐘愛)eversince---18therocksandmountainsofYosemite.16.A.distantB.hugeC.narrowD.loose18.A.imaginingB.paintingC.describingD.climbing第十七頁，共23頁。

1.Choosingbycontext

上下文語境2.Choosingbylogic

邏輯3.Choosingbythemeaningsofthewordsandexpressions

單詞和短語的用法4.Choosingbygrammar語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析5.Choosingbyculturalbackgroundandcommonsense

文化背景和常識(shí)6.Therepetitionoftheword.同義復(fù)現(xiàn)7.排除法、語感等其他方法methods第十八頁，共23頁。

WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.（首句點(diǎn)明文章體裁，人物，時(shí)間及關(guān)鍵詞）Thatmeant21

MillerKing,whowasthebest22atourschool.

(唯一的目的就是成為球星，肯定就是打敗最好運(yùn)動(dòng)員Miller)21.A.cheeringfor（為…喝彩叫好）

B.beatingout

C.relyingonD.stayingwith22.A.coach(教練）B.studentC.teacherD.playerbeatsb.out:todefeatsomeoneordobetterthanthem

打敗某人第十九頁，共23頁。Thatseason,I26allofMiller’srecordswhilehe27thehomegamesfromthebench.Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,28IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’s29.26.A.heldB.brokeC.setD.tried27.A.reportedB.judgedC.organizedD.watched28.A.andB.thenC.butD.thus29.A.decisionB.mistakeC.accidentD.sacrifice（犧牲）26.break/settherecord打破/創(chuàng)記錄

betoblamefor…因…受到責(zé)備29.WhathappenedtoMiller?bestruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm第二十頁，共23頁。

Oneafternoon,IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMiller30goingoverafence—whichwasn’t31toclimbifyouhadbotharms.I’msureIwasthelastpersonintheworldhewantedtoaccept32from.Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.I33himmoveslowlyoverthefence.Whenwewerefinally34ontheotherside,hesaidtome,“Youknow,Ididn’ttellyouthisduringtheseason,butyoudid35.Thankyouforfillinginfor36.”30.A.stuck

(動(dòng)不了的，被卡住的）B.hurtC.tiredD.lost31.A.steadyB.hardC.funD.fit32.A.praiseB.adviceC.assistanceD.apology33.A.letB.helpedC.hadD.noticed34.A.droppedB.readyC.trappedD.safe35.A.fineB.wrongC.quicklyD.normally36.A.usB.yourselfC.meD.them36.fillinforsb.“代替”:taketheplaceofsb.第二十一頁，共23頁。Hiswordsfree