交通工程學(xué)課件chp introduction student copy

Attendance（出勤）FinalExam（考試）BasicWhatisTransportation（交通 WhatisTrafficEngineering交通工程Definition:Definition:Movementofpassengersand/orfreight(peopleand/orgoods)Intermodal/MultimodeIntermodal/Multimode AtripinvolvesmorethanonePassengers:Transits 工程Theapplicationof scientificprinciplestothe functionaldesign,operationandmanagementoffacilitiesforanymodeoftransportation(inordertoprovideforthesafe,rapid,comfortable,convenient,economical,andenvironmentallycompatiblemovementofpeopleandgood).“Hard”“Hard”&“Soft”SciencesofGeometricHumanStronglyinfluencethedevelopmentandgrowthofaregionornation.AvitalindustrysectortotheandqualityofTrafficEngineeringTrafficEngineering（程Thephaseoftransportationengineeringthatdealswiththe nning,geometricdesign,andmanagementofroads,streetsandhighways,theirnetworks,terminalsabuttinlandsandrelationshipswithothermodesoftransportation(inordertoprovideforthesafe,rapid,comfortable,convenient,economical,andenvironmentallycompatiblemovementofpeopleandgood).--InstituteofTransportationEngineers(US,1940s,P1)OtherAustralia:P1,Paragraph4Russia:P1,Par.6UnitedKingdom:P1,Par.Trafficengineering(TE)isabranchofengineering;theobjectsofTEareTheobjectiveofTEistosolvescientificproblemsoftransportationnningand1-2AreasandFeaturesofTE1-2AreasandFeaturesofTETrafficCharacteristics ysis（交通特性及分析Studies（交 AreasofTEResearchTrafficFlowTheories（交通流理論）Parameters:flow,speed,anddensityQueuingTheory（排隊(duì)論）FluidMechanics（流體力學(xué)Highway ysis（道路通行能Roadandhighwaysegments（道路公路路段Intersection（交叉口 nning（交通規(guī)劃Urban nningProcessAreasAreasofTEResearch NewTheories,Methodologies,InligentTransportationSystem(ITS，智能 FeaturesofTEFiveE’s:Engineering;En ment;Education;Energy;andEnvironmentMultidiscilinar（交叉性Civilengineering,Economics,Industrialengineering,Electricalengineering,ComputerScience,Mathematics…1-3Development1-3DevelopmentofTEWalkingerapriorto1890（步行交通時(shí)代）Accesstolocationsthatcouldbereached(walked)inlessthan45minutes(4to6km).Economicactivitieswereconcentratedinacentralnodealongwithresidentialareas.Horsecarera(1800-1890)（馬車交通時(shí)代Urbandensitieswereveryhigh.Allowedthedevelopmentofcorridors.RailwaysenabledradialdevelopmentadjacenttorailwaystationsinEuropeandinolderAmericancities(e.g.,NewYork)fromthe1850s.HorsecarinKansas,US,HorseHorserailroadinMaine,US,1890s(Source:EvolutionofTransportationVehicleera(1890-2000)（汽車交通時(shí)代）Streetcarera（有軌電車，1890-1920）：Citiesexpandedalongmainstreetcarlines era(1920-1945)：busesandcars;citieswereradiallyexpanded,lesseningtheaccessibilityconstraint.Highwayera(1945-2000):Highwaysfavoredtheextensionoffullfledgedsuburbs,especiallyinNorthAmerica.InligentTransportationera(21stSanSanFranciscoSF舊金CableStreetCar,Cars,Horses,htpEngineers(ITE)intheFundamentaltheories基礎(chǔ)理論階段，1930sendof1940s) nningTheory交通規(guī)劃理論形成階段，1950–startof1970s)TransportationManagement交通管理技術(shù)階段，1970s–1990s)InligentTransportationSystems(智能 統(tǒng)，1990s–present)1-41-4DevelopmentofTEDiscipline1980s,Mr.QiuZhang( initiatedtheTEdiscipline 1981ITE )SoutheastUniversityandother6universitiesdevelopedundergraduate(本科)programsofTE.Asofnow,morethan100universitiesandcollegesofferTEcourses.Increasedrapidlybuthas age:3,980,000kmasof2010 age:74,000kmasof201048%ofurbanpopulationasof>50%inLengthLengthOperatingLengthofIn2008,thelengthof waysrankedNo.2intheworld.Asof2011, hadthe waynetworkintheworld(85,000In2008,thefreighttrafficvolumeandpassengerturnoverrankedNo.1intheworld.先研究方向（先研究方向ImprovementofTrafficSafety提