2014年職稱英語(yǔ)應(yīng)試技巧-補(bǔ)全短文和方法隨堂講義

LudwigvanBeethoven,amajorcomposerofthenineteenthcentury,overcamemany problemstoachieve icgreatness.BorninBonn,Germany,in1770,hefirststudiedmusicwiththecourtorganist,GillesvanderEeden.Hisfatherwasexcessivelystrictandgiventoheavydrinking. .AppointeddeputycourtorganisttoChristianGottlobNeefeatasurprisinglyearlyagein1782,Beethovenalsoyedtheharpsichordandtheviola.In1792hewassenttoViennabyhispatron,CountFerdinandWaldstein,tostudymusicunderBeethovenremainedunmarried. .Continuallydbyillhealth,hedevelopedanearinfectionwhichledtohistragicdeafnessin1819..Hecompletedmaturemasterpiecesofgreatmusicaldepth:threepianosonatas,fourstringquartets,theMissaSolemnis,andthe9thSymphony.Hediedin1827. NotingthatBeethovenoftenflewintofitsofrage,Goetheoncesaidofhim,“Iamastonishedbyhistalent,butheisunfortunayanaltogetheruntamed Inspiteofthishandicap,however,hetowriteBecauseofirregularpaymentsfromhispublishersanderraticsupportfromhispatrons,hewastroubledbyfinancialworriesthroughouthisadultlife.HislifewasmarkedbyapassionatededicationtoWhenhismotherdied,Beethoven,thenayoungman,wasnamedguardianofhistwoAlthoughBeethoven’s alitymayhavebeenuntamed,hismusicshowsgreatdisciplineandcontrol,andthisishowwerememberhimbest.Todayhismusicisstillbeingyedalloverthe Severaltypesoffinancialriskareencounteredininternationalmarketing;themajorproblemsincludecommercial,political,andforeignexchangerisk..Theyincludesolvency,default,orrefusaltopaybills.Themajorrisk,however,competitionwhichcanonlybedealtwiththroughconsistentlyeffectivemanagementandmarketing.(2).Suchriskisencounteredwhenacontroversyarisesaboutthequalitygoodsdelivered,adisputeovercontractterms,oranyotherdisagreementoverwhichpaymentwithheld.One ,forexample,shippedseveralhundredtonsofdehydratedpotatoestoadistributorinGermany.(3).Thealternativesfortheexporterwerereducingtheprice,resellingthepotatoes,orshipthemhomeagain,eachinvolvingconsiderablecost.Politicalriskrelatestotheproblemsofwarorrevolution,currencyinconvertibility,expropriationorexpulsion,andrestrictionorcancellationofimportlicenses. Managementinformationsystemsandeffectivedecision-makingprocessesarethebestdefensesagainstpoliticalrisk.Asmanycompanieshavediscovered,sometimesthereisnowaytoavoidpoliticalrisk,somarketersmustbepreparedtoassumethemorgiveupngbusinessinparticularExchange-ratefluctuationsinevitablycauseproblems,butformanyyears,mostfirmscouldtakeprotectiveactiontominimizetheirunfavorableeffects.(5).InternationalBusinessMachineCorporation,forexample,reportedthatexchangelossesresultedinadramatic21.6percentdropintheirearningsinthethirdquarterof1981.Beforerateswerepermittedtofloat,devaluationsofmajorcurrencieswereinfrequentandusuallycouldbeanticipated,butexchange-ratefluctuationsinthefloatsystemaredailyaffairs.PoliticalriskisanenvironmentalconcernforallOneuniqueriskencounteredbytheinternationalmarketerinvolvesfinancialadjustments.mercialrisksarehandledessentiallyasnormalcreditrisksencounteredinday-to-dayThedistributortestedtheshipmentanddeclaredittobebelowacceptabletasteandtextureFloatingexchangeratesoftheworld’smajorcurrencieshavedallmarketerstobeespeciallyawareofexchange-ratefluctuationsandtheneedtocompensateforthemintheirfinancialnning.Manyinternationalmarketersgobankrupteachyearbecauseofexchange-rateEinsteinNamed“of“Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercenturyinhistory.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomic,buttechnological—thatfloweddirectlyadvancesinbasicscience,”wrotetheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkinginaTimeessayexiningEinstein’ssignificance.(1).“WhatwesawwasFranklinRooseveltembodyingthegreatthemeofdom’sfightagainsttotalitarianism, ifyingthegreatthemeofindividualsstrugglingfortheirandEinsteinbeingbothagreatgeniusandagreatsymbolofascientificrevolutionthatbroughtwithitamazingtechnologicaladvancesthathelpedexpandthegrowthofdom,”saidTimeMagazineEditorWalterIsaacson..“Therewaslessfaithinabsolutes,notonlyoftimeandspacebutalsooftruthandmorality.”“Indirectly,relativitypavedthewayforanewrelativisminmorality,artandpolitics,”IsaacsonwroteinanessayexiningTime’schoices.Howhethoughtoftherelativitytheoryinfluencedthegeneralpublic'sviewabout“Clearly,noscientistbetterrepresentsthoseadvancesthanAlbertRooseveltheededtheadviceandformedthe“ManhattanProject”thatsecretlydevelopedInhisearlyyears,Einsteindidnotshowthepromiseofwhathewas Inhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity,”Einsteindescribedhowtheonlyconstantintheuniverseisthespeedoflight.Anearthscientisthasrejiggedtheperiodictabletomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.“Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexintheperiodictabletoearthstudents,”hecriss-crossinghishandsintheairandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.“Geochemistsjustwantanintuitivesenseofwhat’sgoingonwiththeelements,”saysAlbertGalyfromtheUniversityofCambridge(3)TherehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictablesinceDmitriMendeleevdrewitupin1871.Railsbackhasstillorderedtheelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonsthey“IimaginethiswouldbegoodforRaisbackhaslistedsomeelementsmorethanAndthesizeofelement’ssymbolreflectshowmuchofitisfoundintheEarth’sThetraditionalperiodictablewaswell Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8million phones:.nearlyoneforeverytwopeople phonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,”hesaid.Forexample,stra,OptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.Theconclusionisthatphonesbringsmoreharmthanwhy，選項(xiàng)如果用why來(lái)提問(wèn)時(shí)，回答語(yǔ)一般包括以下原因詞：because+句子，becauseof+名詞/名詞短語(yǔ)，reason，dueto：由于，owingto（oweto）：由于。WhyDoPeoples ButperhapsthemostcommonreasonwhysomeolderpeopleshrinkisbecauseofThat’sbecauseasthedaygoeson,waterinthedisksofthespinegetscompressed(squeezed)duetogravity,makingyoujustatinybitshorter.Don’tworry,though. ATheyenduppressingclosertogether,whichmakesa losealittlehighand BOnceyougetagoodnight’srest,yourbodyrecovers,andthenextmorning,you’reCOvertime,boneissaidtobelostbecauseit’snotbeingreDLuckily,therearethingsthatpeoplecandotopreventEThekidsspendtherestofthemovieastinypeoplewhoarebarelyvisiblewhiletryingtogetbacktotheirnormalsize.FButwhydoesshrinkinghappenat請(qǐng)大家把書翻到319頁(yè)，高空一躍。 yetithaseruptedthreetimesduringthelastmillionyears.AndoneoferuptionsspewedenoughvolcanicashandotherdebristoblankethalftheUnited Itisthevolcanicenergythatpowersthegeysersandhotsprings,createsthemountainsandcanyons,andgeneratestheuniqueecosystemsthatsupportYellowstone’sdiversewildlife.ThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstoneNationalThefirstYellowstoneeruption,2millionyearsago,releasedmorethandoublethatamountofashanddebris.Thevolcanoissoinconspicuous不顯眼的thatfewpeopleknowitThen,anenormousfountainwillshoothighintotheWhiletheactivegeologistprocessesatYellowstonedoposesomerisktothepublic,theyalsomakeitauniquetreasure.YellowstoneNationalParkattractstheinterestofgeologiststheworld They’resuspensionbridges,massivestructuresbuilttospanvastwaterchannelsorgorges.It’snotjusttheirlength—totally5.3kilometers—buttheirweight.SomeenvironmentalistsareagainsttheprojectonbiologicalWhatdotheworld’slongestbridgeshaveinIftrue,onedayyoumightspythebeastwhilezip(呼嘯而過(guò))acrosstheMessinaStraitThey’rewhatwillkeepthebridgefromgoingThesecondjobwillbetopulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestrait,eachsetbeingabundleof44,352individualsteelwires.Theywilltipupthescalesat166,500tons—morethanhalfthebridge’stotalAccordingtoRobertBell,thereare3.3millionphonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2,000aday.(2)Aswell,thereare2,000transmittertowersaroundAustralia,manyinhighdensityresidentialareas.(3)Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsnearby.RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheernmentshouldconstructionof netowersfromwithina500metreradiusofschoolgrounds,childcarecentres,hospitals,sports yingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethreetimesthatofBytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8million phones:.nearlyoneforeverytwopeople phonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,”hesaid.Forexample, stra,OptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.Theconclusionisthatphonesbringsmoreharmthan297頁(yè)，第一篇，移動(dòng)AccordingtoRobertBell,thereare3.3millionphonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2,000aday.(2)Aswell,thereare2,000transmittertowersaroundAustralia,manyinhighdensityresidentialareas.(3)Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsnearby.Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.AccordingtoRobertBell,itisreasonableforthemajorephonecompaniestofundit.Besides,healsourgestheernmenttosetupawideranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionphones:.nearlyoneforeverytwopeople“Ifphonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,”hesaid.Forexample, stra,OptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.Theconclusionisthatphonesbringsmoreharmthan：猜四、選項(xiàng)中的比如：because，but，inshort等。WhatWeTakefromAndGivetothe(1)Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.(4)Butoceanwater esfreshwater.Whatdowegivethesea?Garbage.(5)Hugeasitis,theoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit..Natural ecleaningWepollutetheoceanwhenweuseitasagarbageTheareaofthesea ingsmallerandAlongwithsalt,othermineralsareleftafterWeevenusetheirbonesforSomeofitscontentsmaycauseTheFirstFour.We eaccustomedtoanychangeswechoosetomakein “Itislikegettingusedtoanewcar.Itmaybeunfamiliaratfirst,butitgoesmuchbetterthantheoldone.”.Forahusbandandwifeoraparentandchild,problemsoftenariseduringtheirfirstfourminutestogetheraftertheyhavebeenapart..ThatisatleastasimportantashowmuchweInreply.Dr.ZuninwouldclaimthatalittlepracticecanhelpusfeelcomfortableMuchofwhathasbeensaidaboutstrangersalsoappliestorelationshipswithfamilyInhisopinion,successinlifedependsmainlyonhowwegetalongwithotherEverytimeyoumeetsomeoneinasocialsituation,givehimyourundividedattentionforHekeepslookingovertheother ’sshoulder,asifhotofindsomeonemoreinterestinginanotherpartoftheroom.HeiseagertomakefriendswithAUniversityofNebraskaprofessorhasdevelopedroboticconesandbarrels.(1)Theycanevenbeprogrammedtomoveontheirownatanyparticularpartoftheday,saidShaneFarritor,anassistantprofessorofmechanicalengineeringatNebraska.Forexample,ifworkersarrivedat6a.m.,theconescouldmovefromthesideofthehighwaytoblockoffthelaneatthattime.(2)“Itjustseemslikeaverygoodapplicationforrobots,”Farritorsaid.“Theroboticconeswouldalsohelpremovepeoplefromhazardousjobsonthehighwayputtingbarrelsandconesintoce,”Farritorsaidinareportonhiscreation.ThisfundallowedFarritortoworkontheprojectwithgraduatestudentsatNebraskaandhisassistantSteveGoddard.Therobotsarecedatthebottomoftheconsandbarrelsandaresmallenoughnottogreatlychangetheappearanceoftheconstructionaides.“Itwouldlookexactlythesame,”Farritorsaid.“Normallythere’sakindofrubbery,blackbasetothem.(4)”FarritorhastalkedwithofficialsfromtheNebraskaDepartmentofRoadsabouthowtherobotswouldbemostusefultowhattheymightneed.Therobotscouldcomeinhandyfollowingaslow-movingmaintenanceoperation.likepaintingastripeonaroadormovingasphalt,wherenowthebarrelshavetobepickedupandmovedastheoperationproceeds.“Thatwayyoudon’thavetoblockoffa10-stripfortheoperation.”FarritorWhileprototypeshavebeenmade,theyarenotinuseanywhere.Farritorsaidhehasappliedforapatentandisconsideringwhattodo HeisalsothinkingaboutmarketingrobotstoroadsdepartmentsandothersacrossthecountrywhomaybenefitfromAndtheycanreturntotheoriginalceattheendoftheHeisthinkingaboutstartingasmallFarritorwas“InventoroftheYear”inWorkontheideabeganin2002usingaNationalAcademyofSciencesWerecethatwithaTheseroboticconesandbarrelscanmoveoutoftheway,orintoce,fromcomputercommandsmade TuberculosisKills1,000PeopleaDayin(1)“Whenitcomestodevelopedcountries,thereasonfortheincreaseofTBisrelatedtotheageingsociety,”hesaid.“ ”“Onecommonfactamongdevelocountriesanddevelopedcountriesiscomcency,”O(jiān)miadded.“(3) Itnotedthatmorethan40millionpeopleareinfectedwiththediseaseand“10percentofthemwilldevelopTBintheirlifetime”.“InseveraldevelopedandnewlyindustrializedcountriesintheWesternPacificregion,TBprevalencehasnotdecreasedmarkedlyduringthelastdecadealthougheconomicgrowthshouldmakemoreresourcesavailabletodealwiththeproblem,”WHOsaid. If eelderly,yourimmunesystem ingweakerandInJapan,thenumberofdiagnosedcasesroseto48,264in1999from42,472casesinOmipointedoutthatthemainfactorfortheriseofTBcasesindevelocountriesistherapidincreaseofpeoplewhomigrateintothebigcitiesandliveinunsanitaryconditions.ThereisnodoubtthattuberculosiswillbeeliminatedcompleyeverywhereintheworldTheythoughtwehavealreadyconqueredtuberculosis,so ealittlebitcomWHOrecordsshowedthatin,tuberculosisisoneofthemostcommoncausesof.Theyincludesolvency,default,orrefusaltopaybills.Themajorrisk,however,competitionwhichcanonlybedealtwiththroughconsistentlyeffectivemanagementand.Suchriskisencounteredwhenacontroversyarisesaboutthequalityofgoodsdelivered,adisputeovercontractterms,oranyotherdisagreementoverwhichpaymentiswithheld.,forexample,shippedseveralhundredtonsofdehydratedpotatoestoadistributorinGermany.(3).Thealternativesfortheexporterwerereducingtheprice,resellingthepotatoes,orshipthemhomeagain,eachinvolvingconsiderablecost.Politicalriskrelatestotheproblemsofwarorrevolution,currencyragrait

tikifoctelirn.againstpoliticalrisk.Asmanycompanieshavediscovered,sometimesthereisnowaytoavoidpoliticalrisk,somarketersmustbepreparedtoassumethemorgiveupngbusinessinparticularExchange-ratefluctuationsinevitablycauseproblems,butformanyyears,mostfirmscouldtakeprotectiveactiontominimizetheirunfavorableeffects.(5).InternationalBusinessMachineCorporation,forexample,reportedthatexchangelossesresultedinadramatic21.6percentdropintheirearningsinthethirdquarterof1981.PoliticalriskisanenvironmentalconcernforallOneuniqueriskencounteredbytheinternationalmarketerinvolvesfinancialadjustments.mercialrisksarehandledessentiallyasnormalcreditrisksencounteredinday-to-dayThedistributortestedtheshipmentanddeclaredittobebelowacceptabletasteandtextureFloatingexchangeratesoftheworld’smajorcurrencieshavedallmarketerstobeespeciallyawareofexchange-ratefluctuationsandtheneedtocompensateforthemintheirfinancialnning.Manyinternationalmarketersgobankrupteachyearbecauseofexchange-rateRoboticHighwayAUniversityofNebraskaprofessorhasdevelopedroboticconesandbarrels.(1)Theycanevenbeprogrammedtomoveontheirownatanyparticularpartoftheday.Forexample,ifworkersarrivedat6a.m.,theconescouldmovefromthesideofthehighwaytoblockoffthelaneatthattime.(2)“Itjustseemslikeaverygoodapplicationforrobots,”Farritorsaid.(3)ThisfundallowedFarritortoworkontheprojectwithgraduatestudentsatNebraskaandhisassistantSteve“Itwouldlookexactlythesame,”Farritorsaid.“Normallythere’sakindofrubbery,basetothem.(4)Farritorsaidhehasappliedforapatentandisconsideringwhattodonext.(5)Heisalsothinkingaboutmarketingtherobotstoroadsdepartmentsandothersacrossthecountrywhomaybenefitfromthem.AndtheycanreturntotheoriginalceattheendoftheHeisthinkingaboutstartingasmallFarritorwas“InventoroftheYear”inWorkontheideabeganin2002usingaNationalAcademyofSciencesWerecethatwithaTheseroboticconesandbarrelscanmoveoutoftheway,orintoce,fromcomputercommandsmade 請(qǐng)大家把書翻到302頁(yè)，重新發(fā)明元素周期表。AnearthscientisthasrejiggedtheperiodictabletomakechemistrysimplertoteachtoButBruceRailsbackfromtheUniversityofGeorgiasaysheisthefirsttocreateatablethatbreakswithtradition.“Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexintheperiodictabletoearthstudents,”hesays,criss-crossinghishandsintheairandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.(2)Buthehasaddedcontourlinestochargedensity,heltoexinwhichionsreactwithwhich.“Geochemistsjustwantanintuitivesenseofwhat’sgoingonwiththeelements,”saysAlbertGalyfromtheUniversityofCambridge(3)Heexinsthatsulphur,forexample,showsupinthreedifferentspotsone—forsulphide…..Hehasalsoincludedsymbolstoshowwhichionsarenutrients,andwhicharecommoninsoilorwater._(5)TherehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictablesinceDmitriMendeleevdrewitupin1871.Railsbackhasstillorderedtheelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonsthey“IimaginethiswouldbegoodforRaisbackhaslistedsomeelementsmorethanAndthesizeofelement’ssymbolreflectshowmuchofitisfoundintheEarth’sThetraditionalperiodictablewaswell請(qǐng)大家把書翻到315頁(yè)，展望未來(lái)。LookingtotheWhenamagazineforhigh-schoolstudentsaskeditsreaderswhatlifewouldbelikeintwentyyears,theysaid:Machineswouldberunbysolarpower.Buildingswouldrotatesotheycouldfollowthesuntotake umadvantageofitslightandheat.Wallswould“radiatelight”and“changecolorwiththepushofabutton.”Foodwouldberecedbypills.Schoolwouldbetaught“byelectricalimpulsewhilewesleep.”Carswouldhaveradar.DoesthissoundliketheyearThefutureismuchtooimportanttosimplyguessabout,thewaythehighschoolstudents Bycarefullystudyingthepresent,skilledbusinessmen,scientists,andpoliticiansaresupposedlyabletofigureoutinadvancewhatwillhappen.Butcanthey?Oneexpertoncitieswrote:Citiesofthefuturewouldnotbecrowded,butwouldhavespaceforfarmsandfields.Peoplewouldtraveltoworkin“airbuses”,largeall-weatherhelicopterscarryingupto200passengers.Whena lefttheairbusstationhecoulddriveacoin-operatedcarequippedwithradar.Doesthatsoundfamiliar?Iftheexperthadbeenaccurateitwould,becausehewaswritingin1957.Hissubjectwas“Thecityof1982”.Iftheprofessionalssometimessoundlikehigh-schoolstudents,it’sprobablybecausefuturestudyisstillanewfield.Hereisanexampleforfuturestudy.Economicforecasting,orpredictingwhattheeconomywilldo,hasbeenaroundforalongtime.Buttherehavebeensomebigmistakesinthisfield,too. InOctoberofthatyear,thestockmarkethaditsworstlossesever,ruiningthousandsofinvestorswhohadputtheirfaithinfinancialforeseers.Oneforecasterknewthatpredictionsaboutthefuturewouldalwaysbesubjecttosignificanterrors.In1957,H.J.RandoftheRandCorporationwasaskedabouttheyear2000.“Onlyonethingiscertain,”heanswered.“(5) Inearly1929,mostforecasterssawanexcellentfutureforthestockChildrenborntodaywillhavereachedtheageofActually,thearticlewaswrittenin1958andthequestionwas,“whatwilllifebelikeinSoexpertsareregularlyaskedtopredictaccuraScientistsare80percentaccurateinpredictingtheTheradarequipmentofcarswouldmaketrafficaccidents“almostunheard303DungtoFieldsacrossEuropearecontaminatedwithdangerouslevelsoftheantibioticsgiventofarmanimals.Thedrugs,whichareinmanuresprayedontofieldsasfertilizers,couldbegettingintofoodandwater,heltocreateanewgenerationofantibiotic-resistantThewarningcomesfromaresearcherinSwitzerlandwholookedatlevelsofthedrugsinfarmslurry.(1)Some20,000tonsofantibioticsareusedintheEuropeanUnionandtheUSeachyear.Morethanhalfaregivetofarm-animalstopreventdiseaseandpromotegrowth. Mostresearchersassumedthathumans einfectedwiththeresistantstrainsbyeatingcontaminatedmeat.Butfarmoreofthedrugsendupinmanurethaninmeatproducts,saysStephenMuelleroftheSwissFederalInstituteforEnvironmentalScienceandTechnologyinWithmillionsoftonsofanimalsmanurespreadontofieldsofcropssuchaswheatandbarleyeachyear,thispathwayseemsanequallylikelyrouteforspreading ,hesaid.Thedrugscontaminatethecrops,whicharetheneaten.(4)MuellerisparticularlyconcernedaboutagroupofantibioticscalledHisysisfoundthatSwissfarmmanurecontainsahighpercentageofThisconcentrationishighenoughtotriggerthedevelopmentofamongbacteria.Butvetsarenottreatingtheissueseriously.Thereisgrowingconcernattheextenttowhichdrugs,includingantibiotics,arepollutingtheenvironment.Manydrugsgiventohumansarealsoexcretedunchangedandarenotbrokendownbyconventionalsewagetreatment.TheydonoteasilydegradeordissolveinAndmanurecontainsespeciallyhighlevelsofbugsthatareresistanttoantibiotics,heAnimalantibioticsisstillanareatowhichinsufficientattentionhasbeenButrecentresearchhasfoundadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseduseofthesefarmyarddrugsandtheappearanceofantibiotic-resistantbugsthatinfectpeople.HisfindingsareparticularlyshockingbecauseSwitzerlandisoneoffewcountriestohavebannedantibioticsasgrowthpromotersinanimalfeed.Theycouldalsobeleachingintotapwaterpumpedfromrocksbeneathfertilizedfields.304頁(yè)，A到F，找專有名詞。EinsteinNamed ofAlbertEinstein,whosetheoriesonspacetimeandmatterhelpedunravelthesecretsoftheatomandoftheuniverse,waschosenas“oftheCentury”byTimemagazineonSunday.Amanwhoseverynameissynonymouswithscientificgenius,Einsteinhascometorepresentmorethanany thefloweringof20thcenturyscientificthoughthatsetthestageforageof“Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercenturyinThereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomic,buttechnological—thatfloweddirectlyadvancesinbasicscience,”wrotetheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkinginaTimeessayexiningEinstein’ssignificance.(1).Timechoseasrunner-upFranklinRoosevelttorepresentthetriumphofdomanddemocracyoverfascism,andMahatmaGandhiasaniconforacenturywhencivilandhumanrightsbecamecrucialfactorsinglobalpolitics.“WhatwesawwasFranklinRooseveltembodyingthegreatthemeofdom’sfightagainsttotalitarianism, ifyingthegreatthemeofindividualsstrugglingfortheirrights,Einsteinbeingbothagreatgeniusandagreatsymbolofascientificrevolutionthatbroughtwithitamazingtechnologicaladvancesthathelpedexpandthegrowthofdom,”saidTimeMagazineEditorWalterIsaacson.EinsteinwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879.(2).Hewasslowtolearntospeakanddidnotdowellinelementaryschool.HecouldnotstomachorganizedlearningandloathedtakingIn1905,however,hewastopublishatheorywhichstandsasoneofthemostintricateexamplesofhumanimaginationinhistory.(3).Everythingelse—mass,weight,space,eventimeitself—isavariable.Andheofferedtheworldhisnow-famousequation:energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared—E=mc..“Therewaslessfaithinabsolutes,notonlyoftimeandspacebutalsooftruthandmorality.”Einstein’sfamousequationwasalsotheseedthatledtothedevelopmentofatomicenergyandweapons.In1939,sixyearsafterhefledEuropeanfascismandsettledatPrincetonUniversity,Einstein,anavowedpacifist,signedalettertoRoosevelturgingtheUnitedStatestodevelopanatomicbombbeforeNaziGermanydid.(5).Einsteindidnotworkontheproject.EinsteindiedinPrinceton,NewJerseyin“Indirectly,relativitypavedthewayforanewrelativisminmorality,artandpolitics,”IsaacsonwroteinanessayexiningTime’schoices.Howhethoughtoftherelativitytheoryinfluencedthegeneralpublic'sviewaboutAlbert“Clearly,noscientistbetterrepresentsthoseadvancesthanAlbertRooseveltheededtheadviceandformedthe“ManhattanProject”thatsecretlydevelopedthefirstatomicweapon.Inhisearlyyears,Einsteindidnotshowthepromiseofwhathewas Inhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity,”Einsteindescribedhowtheonlyconstantintheuniverseisthespeedoflight.There’snoeasyanswertothisquestion.Yourgeneticmakeup,thephysicaltraitsthatpasseddowntoyoufromyourparents,ysabigpartindeterminingyoursizeand(1)Butifyourparentsaresmallerthanaverage,youmaywanttorethinkthatprofessionalbasketballcareer!Thesamegoesforyourbodytype.Haveyoueverheardsomeonesaya is“bigboned?”It’sawayofsayingthe hasalargeframe,orskeleton.Bigbonesusuallyweightmorethansmallbones. Likeyourheightorbodytype,yourgeneshavealottosayaboutwhatyourweightwillbe.Butthat’sonlypartofthestory.Beingoverweightcanruninsomeone’sfamily,butitmaynotbebecauseoftheirgenes.(3)Andeventhoughsomekidsgainweightmoreeasilythanothers,whentheyeatrightandexercise,mostkidscanbeahealthyandhappyweightthat’srightforthem.It’strue—thewayyoulivecanchangethewayyoulook.Howmuchyouweightisabalancebetweenthecaloriesyoueatandthecaloriesyou(4)IfyouspendyourtimewatchingTV,yourbodywon’tuseasmanycaloriesasitwouldifyouyedbasketball,skated,orwentforawalk.Ifyouareinbalance,yourweightwillstayrightforyouasyougrow.Butifyoueatmoreandexerciseless,youmay eoverweight.That’swhyit’spossiblefortwokidswiththesameheight,butdifferentweights,tobothbetherightweight.Ifyoueatmorecaloriesthanyourbodyneedstouse,youwillgaintoomuchPooreatingandexercisehabitsalsoruninfamiliesandthismaybethereasontheOntheotherhand,ifyoueatlessandexercisemore,youmayloseIfbothyourparentsaretall,thereisagoodchanceyou’llbeAUniversityofNebraskaprofessorhasdevelopedroboticconesandbarrels.(1)Theycanevenbeprogrammedtomoveontheirownatanyparticularpartoftheday,saidShaneFarritor,anassistantprofessorofmechanicalenginee