2022年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試真題（第1套）

2022年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試真題(第1套)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Withtheapplicationofinformationtechnologyineducation,collegestudentscannowlearninmorediverseandefficientways.”Youcanmakestatements,givereasons,orciteexamplestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmark

thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Shehasn'tstartedwritingit.

C)Sheisproofreadingthefirstdraft.

B)Shehasn'tdecidedonatopic.

D)Sheisworkingonthereferences.

2.A)Helentmanybookstothemanforreference.

B)Heofferedthemanadviceonresourcehunting.

C)Hepublishedalotinanumberofreputablejournals.

D)Hetoldthemantobeselectivewhenusinge-resources.

3.A)Hedidn'tthinkherdissertationtopicviable.

B)Hewasn'tinterestedinherdissertationtopic.

C)Hedidn'twanthertorushthroughherdissertation.

D)Hewasn'tspecificaboutthelengthofherdissertation.

4.A)Changeherresearchmethodology.C)Consultherprofessormore.

B)Narrowdownherdissertationtopic.D)Followtheman'sadvice.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Hehastranslated12books.C)Hisbookssellwellworldwide.

B)Heisawell-knownnutritionist.D)Hislatestbooksoldamillioncopies.

6.A)ThedesireofAmericanstotryexoticcuisines.

B)Thedemandforinformationaboutfoodsafety.

C)ThefactthatoverhalfofAmericansareoverweight.

D)Thefactthatsciencebooksaredifficulttoread.

7.A)Thegeneralpublic.

C)Thosewhowanttoloseweight.

B)Thosewhoareoverweight.

D)Themedicalcommunity.

8.A)Switchtoavegetariandiet.

C)Adheretodoctors'advice.

B)Followapersonalizeddiet.D)Cutcarbohydrateintake.

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SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Therateoftheirgrowthincreaseddramatically.

B)Thegrowthoftheirnewbraincellsdoubled.

C)Theybegantoshowsignsofdepression.

D)Theybegantogetirritatedandrestless.

10.A)Toavoidtheminthefuture.C)Tomakegoodsenseofthem.

B)Towarnothersagainstthem.D)Toreflectontheircauses.

11.A)Produceasurprisinghealingeffect.C)Makepeoplemoresusceptibletoillness.

B)Weakenone'simmunityinthelongrun.D)Provideprotectionagainstmentalillnesses.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Placingtheirowninterestsovertheirstaff's.C)Lackingtheabilitytorelatetotheirstaff.

B)Beingoverwhelmedbytheirdailyroutines.D)Spendingtoomuchtimehandlingemail.

13.A)Theirleadershipmaybechallenged.C)Unexpectedeventsmayoccur.

B)Theircompaniesmaygobankrupt.D)Majorproblemsmayresult.

14.A)Keepaneyeontheiremployees.C)Sacrificesomeoftheimmediategoals.

B)Motivateandinspiretheirteam.D)Havegreaterambitioninoverallplanning.

15.A)Cultivateself-control.C)Respondonlyafterwork.

B)Filtertheiremailboxes.D)Checkonlywhennecessary.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Thekeytoincreasinghealthyfoodsupply.

B)Thebestwaytoimprovemarketingresearch.

C)Theimpactofadvertisementsonconsumption.

D)Theimportanceoftheappearanceoffood.

17.A)Byfocusingonthenutrientsindifferentfoods.

B)Byemphasizingthediversityoffood.

C)Bystressingpleasingaestheticsoffood.

D)Bywinningthesupportofmarketingprofessors.

18.A)Theycanattractcustomerswiththehealthyqualitiesoftheirproducts.

B)Theycanboostsalesofhealthyfoodsbymakingthemvisuallyappealing.

C)Theycanturntomarketingprofessorsforadvice.

D)Theycanrelyonadvertisingforsalespromotion.

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Ithaswitnessedaspectacularsurgeindemand.

B)Ithasmetmuchcriticismfromenvironmentalists.

C)Ithasseenmoresmallbusinessesofferingenvironment-friendlyproducts.

D)Ithasexperiencedincreasinglyfiercecompetitionamongglobalcompanies.

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20.A)Consumersnowknowmuchmoreabouttechnology.

B)Theirmassproductionhassharplyreducedtheprice.

C)Consumerstendtofavorallthatisnovel.

D)Theirqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.

21.A)Purchasingonlythiskindofproductsforhomecleaning.

B)Writingpositivecommentsaboutthemonsocialmedia.

C)DemonstratingonTVhoweffectivetheseproductsare.

D)Tellingoneanotherabouttheirincomparablevirtues.

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Increasingcleaners'workload.C)Breakingatime-honoredritual.

B)Blockingthefountains'works.D)Pollutingthefountains'water.

23.A)Theyareoccasionallyretrievedbycurioustourists.

B)Theyareregularlydonatedtocharityorganizations.

C)Theyaremostlyusedforthefountains'maintenance.

D)Theyareusuallyusedaswagesforfountaincleaners.

24.A)Itisinvestedinaseriesofbusinesses.C)Itisusedtorunasupermarketfortheneedy.

B)Itisusedexclusivelyforitsmaintenance.D)Itisestimatedtobeabout$40,000amonth.

25.A)Hewasarrestedforstealingmoneyfromfourfountaincleaners.

B)Hewassentencedto34years'imprisonment.

C)Hecollectedrarecoinsfromaroundtheworld.

D)Hestolealotofmoneyfromafountainwithamagneticstick.

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Duringthesummer,whenIwasavisitingpoetataresidencyoutofstate,anangry,confusedwomanwanderedintomyclassandsaid:“IhavethreegunsandIwanttousethem.”Weall26.Itwasn'tclearifshehadtheguns,butweeachknowthat,whenweteachinAmerica,wearealreadyindanger.

Iwasdizzywithfear.Thewoman,wholaterturnedouttobeaschizophrenic(精神分裂癥患者)without27tohermedications,was,bysomeforce,wrestledoutand28away,thenputinahospitalforobservation,inastepthatwasactuallysaferforeveryonethananyoneofuspressingcharges.Myclasswenton;wetalkedaboutpoems.Butdespitethefactthattherestofourdaysoncampuspassed 29,Iwasrattled.Icouldn'tshakethesensethatinthiscountrywealwaysliveat30risk.

Afewmonthslater,crisis31again.Whilemyhusbandwaslockinghisbiketodropoffour

3-year-olddaughterforherpreschool-ageddaycamp,adifferentwomanapproached.Swiftlyandforno

32reason,shebentdown,pickedupourdaughter,andbegantocarryherdownthestreet.Itwassofastandconfusingthatmydaughter33cried.Myhusband,inaburstofspeed,chasedthewomanandreclaimedourdaughter.Thewoman,clearlyconfused,retreatedintothepubliclibrary.A34ofhomelesspeoplewhogenerallyknowtheotherhomelessintheareasaidtheydidnotrecognizethewoman.Thewomanwassoclearlyunwellthatwhenshewastakenintocustodyshewasincoherent.Heartbreakingly,shecalledourdaughterbythenameofsomeoneelse'schild.Eachpartoftheepisodewashauntingasitwas35

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A)access

B)apparent

C)barely

D)dedication

E)escorted

F)froze

G)incredible

H)indignant

I)network

J)overridingK)peacefully

L)presumably

M)stifled

N)struck

O)terrifying

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoaseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Thismanisrunning7marathonson7continentsin7days

A)MichaelWardianpushedforwardintothepenetratingarctic(北極的)wind,fightingtheurgetospeedup.Toomucheffortandhe'dbegintosweat,which,hewastold,wouldonlyincreasetheriskofhypothermia(體溫過低).

B)Atthe2014NorthPoleMarathon,thetemperaturedippedtominus-22degreesF,withawindchillthatmadeitfeelevencolder.Alongtheroute,armedguardswanderedthelargesheetsoffloatingicetominimizetheriskofpolarbearattacks.

C)“Iliketodostuffthatscaresme,”Wardiansaid.Withicefrozentohisbeard,WardiancrossedthefinishlinethatAprilafternooninawinningtimeof4hours7minutesand40seconds,almosttwohoursslowerthanhispersonalbestover26.2miles.TheraceforWardian,however,waslessabouttheresultthanovercominghisaversiontothecold.

D)Inafewdays,Wardianwillonceagaincompeteinanunfamiliarterritoryandbelow-freezingtemperatures.HewilllineupMondayinAntarctica(南極)forthefirstlegoftheWorldMarathonChallenge—joining32otheradventureseekersonanunusualjourneywhereparticipantstravelthroughdifferenttimezonesandclimatestorunsevenmarathonsonsevencontinentsinsevendays.

E)Aneliteultra-runner,Wardianhashissightsonbreakingtheevent'srecordaveragemarathontimeof3:32:25setlastJanuarybyU.S.MarineCorpscaptainDanielCartica.Wardian,a42-year-oldArlingtonresident,isarecord-breakingracer,knownintheultra-runningcommunityforseekingtoughcoursesandsettingworldrecords.Lastyear,heran1,254.65milesin47races.TheWorldMarathonChallenge,likemostofWardian'srunninggoals,willbeaboutpushinghislimits.“Ilovediverseanduniquechallenges,”hesaid.“I'mdefinitelyinterestedinseeingwhatIcanhandleandwhatmybodycanaccept.Thatdrivesme.”

F)SomethingaboutthewayRichardDonovancarriedhimselfappealedtoWardian.PerhapsitwasthesenseofadventureDonovandisplayedwhentheyfirstmetatthe201050KChampionshipsinGalway,Ireland,whereDonovanwastheracedirector.Thetwohititoff,andsoonWardianwasparticipatinginDonovan'sevents.ItwasattheNorthPoleMarathon,aracethatDonovanorganizes,thatWardianfirstheardabouttheIrishman'splanfortheWorldMarathonChallenge—achallengethatDonovanhimselfcompletedin2009and2012.“Iknewthatmanypeoplehadagoalofrunningsevenmarathonsonsevencontinentsduringanytimeperiod,”Donovan,50,said.“Ifeltthenaturalextensiontothisideawouldbetotrytoachieveitwithinaseven-dayperiod.”

G)Wardianstartedsavingforthetripin2014,connectingwithsponsorsandgettingapprovalfromhiswife,Jennifer,beforecommitting.Registrationfortheeventcosts36,000curos,whichcovers

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internationalcharterflightstoeachofthesevenmarathonlocations:UnionGlacier(Antarctica),PuntaArenas,Chile(SouthAmerica),Miami(NorthAmerica),Madrid(Europe),Marrakesh,Morocco(Africa),Dubai(Asia)andSydney(Australia).Thechallengeisatestofbothphysicalstrengthandmentalfitness.Sleepingonacrammedplane,adjustingtodifferenttimezonesandfindingfoodtoeat(Wardianisavegetarian)wouldmakeitanexhaustingtripoveramonth,letaloneaweek.“Thekeytoaracelikethisisgettingcomfortablebeinguncomfortable,”saidBeccaPizzi,lastyear'swomen'schampion.“Thehighsoftheraceareincrediblyhigh,andthelowsincrediblylow.”

H)Sinceturningitintoanorganizedeventin2015,Donovanhasattractedavarietyofrunners.Thisyear'schallengewillfeatureafarmoreelitefield,whichincludesRyanHall,America'sfastestmarathonrunner.Despitehisproventrackrecord,Hallsaidhehasnotimegoalsandthathestillsuffersfromthesamefatigueissuesthatforcedhimtoleavetheprofessionalranksin2015.Hallplanstorunwithhisfriend,PastorMatthewBarnettofTheDreamCenterinLosAngeles—oneofthesixAmericanmenwhowillbecompeting.“Idon'texpecttorunastepwithMike,butIwillbeexcitedtoseehowhedoes,”saidthe34-year-oldHall,whobeganweight-liftingafterretiring.“IfIfinishwithinanhourofhimineachmarathon,I'dbesurprised.”

I)Instead,43-year-oldPetrVabrousek,aneliteCzechIronmanchampion,isexpectedtobeWardian'sclosestchallenger.Toothersonthetrip,simplyfinishingwillbeitsownreward.SineadKaneofIrelandisaimingtobecomethefirstblindpersontocompletethechallenge.AndBethAnnTelford,a47-year-oldfederalgovernmentworkerfromFairfaxandtheonlyAmericanfemaleinthisyear'smix,isusingtheeventasaplatformtoraisemoneyforcancerresearch.It'sacausewithapersonalconnectiontoTelford,whowasdiagnosedwithbraincancerin2004.“DoingsomethinglikethisisdefinitelythehardestchallengethatI'veeverdoneexceptforthechemotherapyandbrainsurgery,”shesaid.“It'sgoingtoraiseawareness...Ijustwantedtodosomethingthatisepicandthiscertainlyisrightupthere.”Wardian,too,hopeshisinvolvementwillgivehimaplatformtopromoteacause.HerecentlybecameanambassadorfortheUnitedNationsWomen'sHeForSheinitiativetofightinequalitiesfacedbywomenandgirlsworldwide.

J)OnachillyDecemberafternoon,WardianwovethroughWashington'scrowdedsidewalksonthewayhomefromhisfull-timejobasaninternationalshipbroker.Hiselastic,6-footframebouncedgentlyandefficientlyoffthegroundwitheachstepofthehillysix-miletripbacktoArlington.ThisisadailyroutineduringtheweekforWardian,whostartedracingprofessionallyin2003andrunssevendaysaweek,oftenmultipletimesaday.Whenhetravels,hepreferstoexplorenewplacesonhisfeet.

K)Butinsomeways,Wardianstillhastroublethinkingofhimselfasarunner.Forthemajorityofhischildhood,WardiandevotedhisenergytobecomingaDivisionIlacrasse(長(zhǎng)曲棍球)player—adreamherealizedwhenhewasrecruitedtoplayatMichiganStateUniversity.“Oncehedecidestodosomething,hejustworksatituntilhedoesit,”Michael'syoungersister,Mariele,said.“Oncehedecidestodoit,it'susuallysomethingthat'sgoingtohappen.He'salwaysbeenlikethat.He'savery

motivatedindividual.”

L)ItwasonlyayearorsoagothatWardianrealizedthathehadbeenarunnerlongerthanalacrosseplayer.Itwasnotuntilheraninthe2004U.S.OlympicMarathonTrials—thefirstofthreeforWardian—thathefeltthathewasalegitimaterunner.Nowmorethan10yearsandnumerousultra-marathonnationaltitlesandworldrecordslater,heembracesthatidentity.Wardianwantstoseehowfarhislegscantakehim,oneepicchallengeatatime.“Iwanttoalwayskeepdoingthingsthatareexciting,adventurous,differentandmostimportantly,probablythingsI'mnotthebestat,”Wardiansaid,“becauseifyou'renotseekingthingsoutthatarechallenginganddifficultforyou,thenyou'renotgrowing...SoIhopemaybepeopleseewhatIdo,andsay,‘Okay,Iwanttodosomethingdifferentortrysomethingnew...I'mgoingtodosomethingthatscaresme.'That'swhatI'mhopingpeoplewilltakefromit.”

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36.Wardianregardsthevariousextraordinarychallengesasatestofhisphysicalendurance.

37.Wardianhopeshisparticipationintheseven-daymarathonserieswillcontributetoaworthycause.38.Wardianisgoingtojoinoverthirtyotherrunnersinaweek-longmarathonseries.

39.Over-exertioninextremecoldcanlowerone'sbodytemperaturetoadangerouspoint.

40.Wardianwasverymuchimpressedbyaracedirector'ssenseofadventure.

41.OnceWardiansetshismindonsomething,heisdeterminedtomakeithappen.

42.OnetopAmericanmarathonerquithisrunningcareerbecauseofhisphysicalcondition.

43.Tomanyoftheweek-longmarathonparticipants,completingtheracewillbeasuccessinitself.

44.ForWardian,themarathonintheArcticwasmoreabouthowtotriumphovertheextremecold.

45.Toparticipateintheseven-daymarathonseries,Wardianhadtoraisealotofmoneyandhavehiswife'ssupport

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthe

bestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Manypeopleassociatetheirself-worthwiththeirwork.Themoresuccessfultheircareer,thebettertheyfeelaboutthemselves.Work-relatedself-esteemisthereforeaworthyidealtopursuewithvigor,right?Well,notalways.Accordingtorecentresearch,inwhichpsychologistsinterviewed370full-timeworkersoveraperiodofthreeweeks,therealityisalittlemorecomplicated.Anditinvolvesnegativeaswellaspositiveconsequences.

It'snaturaltobedrawntowardspleasureandtostepawayfrompain.Intheworkplace,ifthatpleasurecomesfromatriumphwhichswellsourself-respect,peoplewilltrytorepeattheaccomplishment.Butrepeatingthataccomplishmentisoftennotrealistic,whichcanleadtoseverenegativeemotionalconsequenceswhenitdoesn'treoccur.Thisformofmotivationiswidelyregardedasanegativetypeofmotivation.Itcanhinderothermorepositivemotivationtypes,suchascompletingataskpurelybecauseit'sfulfillingorenjoyable.

Whatconsumestheemployeeinsteadisapressingneedtofeelmightyandsureofthemselves.Theythentakeononlytasksandobjectiveswhichservethatego-drivenneed.Asaresult,toavoidfeelingsofshameandworthlessnessassociatedwithfailure,theyextendthemselvestosuchadegreethatthere'sasubsequentadverseeffectontheirwell-being.Thisinternalpressuretosucceedatallcostsdemandsalotofeffort.Itdepletestheirenergy,culminatingindisproportionatelevelsofdamagingsentiment.

Thosenegativeemotionsmountintoheightenedanxiety,impactingtheirabilitytomakethemostoftheirpersonallife.Theirdesiretoavoidfeelinginferiorendsupmakingthemfeelinferiorwhenitcomestotheirdiminishedcapacityforfriendshipandleisure.Theyendupdissatisfiedbothatworkandoutsideofit.

Butthankfully,forthosepeoplecompelledalmostentirelybythisspecificformofmotivation,thenewsisn'tallbad,orbadatall.Thestudyalsodiscoveredseveralpositiveoutcomesthatcanactuallyoutweightheharmfulones.Thoughthesetypesofemployeesaremotivatedbythedesiretoavoidnegativeconsequences,theyarealsomotivatedbytheexcitementofpursuingemotionalrewards.Thisexcitementmakespursuinggoalsenjoyableandstimulatespleasureandpridethatwouldresultfromsuccess.Aneffcetofthepositivemotivationisthatitneutralizestheexistenceofnegativemotivation.

Sure,itaffectspeople'spersonallivestowhatcouldbedeemedanunhealthyextent,becauseleisureactivitiesareoftenseenasapartoflifethatmustbesacrificedtomanageworkandfamilydemands.However,thewaypeoplefeelabouttheirworkhaslesstodowithwhetherthey'remotivatedbythepreservationofself-esteembutmorewiththefactthatthey'resimplymotivated.

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46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthepursuitofwork-relatedself-esteem?

A)Itmayresultinnegativemotivation.

B)Itcontributestoone'saccomplishments.

C)Itcanincreaseone'svigorasonekeepstrying.

D)Itcoststoomuchemotionallyandpsychologically.

47.Whatdoemployeestendtodoinpursuingwork-relatedself-esteem?

A)Takeontaskswellbeyondtheiractualcapabilities.

B)Strivetosucceedattheexpenseoftheirwell-being.

C)Resorttoallmeansregardlessoftheconsequences.

D)Exaggeratetheirsenseofshameandworthlessness.

48.Whatdowelearnaboutpeopleover-concernedwithwork-relatedself-esteem?

A)Theymayoftenfeelinferiortotheircolleagues.

B)Theycannotenjoytheirpersonallifetothefull.

C)Theyareneversatisfiedwiththeirachievements.

D)Theyhavetheirownviewoffriendshipandleisure.

49.Whatisthegoodnewswelearnfromtherecentresearch?

A)Thepursuitofgoalsmayturnouttobeenjoyableandpleasant.

B)Theemotionalrewardsfromgoalpursuitareworththepainstaken.

C)Thenegativeconsequencesofgoalpursuitcanmostlybeavoided.

D)Thegoalofswellingself-esteemcanbeachievedifonekeepstrying.

50.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A)Workershavetomakesacrificestopreserveself-esteem.

B)Self-esteemswellswhenworkersarestronglymotivated.

C)Pursuitofgoalsaffectspeople'spersonallivestoanunhealthyextent.

D)Peoplefeelpositiveabouttheirworkaslongastheyaremotivated.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Degradationoftheworld'snaturalresourcesbyhumansisrapidlyoutpacingtheplanet'sabilitytoabsorbthedamage,arecentUNenvironmentalstudyhasfound.Thestudyconcludesthatwithoutradicalactionthelevelofprosperitythatmillionsofpeopleinthedevelopedworldcountonwillbeimpossibletomaintainorextendtopoorercountries.

WaterscarcityisthecurseofsomeofthepoorestregionsonEarth,leavingdevelopingcountriesincreasinglyunabletofeedthemselves,andcausinghardshipformillionsofpeople.Thereappearslittleprospectofthisdesperatesituationbeingremediedwithoutradicalactionbeingtaken.Waterresourcesareunderincreasingthreatfrompopulationgrowth,climatechange,rapidurbanization,risinglevelsof

consumption,andthedegradationoflandsthatpreviouslyprovidedanaturalreplenishment(補(bǔ)充)ofwaterresources.

Therateofdamagetothenaturalenvironmentwasfoundtoincreaseglobally,despiteconcertedeffortstopersuadegovernmentstotakemeasurestoimprovethecondition.“Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,andtheworldfailstoimprovepatternsofproductionandconsumption,thenthestateoftheworld'senvironmentwillcontinuetodecline,”warnedUNexecutivedirectorAchimSteiner.

Hesaidthetoolsforimprovingtheenvironmentformillionsofpeopleexistedindevelopedcountries,butwereindangerofnotbeingused.

Thestudyfoundthatbasicmeasurestotacklesomeofthekeycausesofenvironmentaldamagewerestillnotbeingtaken.Theseincludedmeasurestoreduceairpollution,tocontrolthedamagetomarineeco-systems,whichcanhaveahugeeffectonfishstocksonwhichhundredsofmillionsofpeopledepend;

andtocurbthedegradationoflandwheremodernagriculturalmethodswerepursuedwithoutregardtothe

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longer-termconsequences.

Despitetherecentglobalagreementoncuttinggreenhousegasemissions,globalcarbonoutputcontinuestorise.Thiswillputalong-termstrainontheabilityofdevelopingeconomicstofeedtheirownpeople.Climatechangeisaggravatedbytheemissionsofgreenhousegasesfromchemicalandnaturalfertilisersusedinagriculturewhichincreasedbymorethanaquarterbetween2000and2010.Ot