專題15-名詞性從句-備戰(zhàn)2020年高考高中英語語法專項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練

專題十四名詞性從句重難點(diǎn)分析名詞性從句是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是熱點(diǎn)。名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可作主句的主語、賓語、表語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句（見下表）。主語從句作主語，用that,whether,if,what(=thethingthat)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。賓語從句作賓語，用that（可省略）,whether（ornot）,if,what(=thethingwhich)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。表語從句用that（一般不省略）,whether,what(=thethingwhich)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。同位語從句用that（常用在news,thought,idea,plan,suggestion,fact等詞后），whether等連接詞引導(dǎo)。一、主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主語謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。如：Whowillgoisnotimportant.誰將去不是重要的。1.it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子每一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.(主語從句)你沒去看電影真是遺憾。Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）謀殺案發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在早晨。2.用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)句型例句1Itis+名詞+主語從句Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……/Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸……/Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識(shí)2Itis+形容詞+主語從句Itisnaturalthat………很自然/Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是……（此句型后面常接虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形）3It+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語從句Itseemsthat…似乎……/Ithappenedthat…碰巧……/Itappearsthat…似乎……4Itis/hasbeen+過去分詞+主語從句Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道……/Ithasbeenprovedthat…據(jù)證實(shí)……/Itissaidthat…據(jù)說……/Itisbelievedthat據(jù)認(rèn)為/一般人都認(rèn)為……2.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況說明例句1if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可位于復(fù)合句句首Whetherhewillcomeornotinunknown.(正)Ifhewillcomeornotisunknown.(誤)2Itissaid/reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前ItissaidthatJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.(正)Jiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(誤)3Ithappens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(正)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(誤)4Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(正)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(誤)5含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前Isn’tlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(正)Isthatitwillrainintheeveninglikely?(誤)二、賓語從句賓語從句是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。說明例句1作動(dòng)詞的賓語由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that通?？梢允÷裕㊣heard(that)hejoinedthearmy.我聽說他參軍了。由what,whether/if,when,where等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+賓語從句Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她告訴我她將接受我的邀請(qǐng)。2作介詞的賓語Oursuccessdependson/uponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我們的成功取決于我們互相合作得有多好。3作形容詞的賓語Iamafraid(that)Ihavemadeamistake.恐怕我犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)。4It可以作為形式賓語Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我們聽說她下個(gè)月打算結(jié)婚。5否定前移（若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式）。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。注意：that引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在某些形容詞后作賓語，如：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,gald,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content等。也可將此類詞后的從句看作是原因狀語從句。三、表語從句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that一般不省略。另外，常用的含有表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“Thereasonisthat…”，“Itisbecause…”，“That’swhy…”等。如：Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.他上學(xué)遲到的原因是他錯(cuò)過了早班車。四、同位語從句同位語從句是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。說明例句1同位語的功能(一般由that引導(dǎo))對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.國王做出釋放那個(gè)罪犯的決定讓所有人都很吃驚。說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.所有的士兵都應(yīng)該保持不動(dòng)，這個(gè)命令是將軍下的。2同位語從句在句子中的位置有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，被別的詞隔開HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.他從瑪麗那里得到消息——運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被推遲了。五、whether,if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別說明例句1句首引導(dǎo)主語從句只能用whetherWhetherwewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.我們明天是否去野營取決于天氣。2if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句Whatthedoctorreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我的母親是否會(huì)很快從重病中恢復(fù)。3if不能引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句Everythingdependsonwhetherwecanmakeaplanthattheywillagreeto.一切取決于我們能否做出一個(gè)他們會(huì)同意的計(jì)劃。4賓語從句是否定句只能用ifIaskedPeterifhehadn’tdecidedwhathewouldsayatthemeeting.我問皮特他是不是還沒決定會(huì)議上他講的內(nèi)容。5discuss后的賓語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)Wediscussedwhetherthemedicinewillcausesideeffects.我們討論了這個(gè)藥是否會(huì)引起副作用。注意：doubt作“懷疑”解，后接賓語從句時(shí)，如主句是肯定的，賓語從句用whether或if引導(dǎo)，如主句是否定，賓語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。如：Idoubtwhether/ifheisfitforthejob.我懷疑他是否勝任這份工作。Idon’tdoubtthathecandoitverywell.他能把它做好，我不懷疑?？键c(diǎn)練透一、單句填空用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空，補(bǔ)全下列句子。1.Ican’tdecidedictionaryIwouldbuy.2.That’sherefusedmyinvitation.3.Iamveryinterestedinhehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.4.weneedismoretime.5.Thefactshehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.6.andtheywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.7.Pleasetellmeyouarewaitingfor.8.Isthatyouarelookingfor?9.Wouldyoupleasetellmethenearestpostofficeis?10.Idon’tknowhewillagreetotheplanornot.11.isdonecann’tbeundone.12.Takecareyoudon’tmakemistakesinthecomingexam.13.Tohissurprise,theumbrellawasnothehadput.14.wecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.15.heiswillingtocomeisnotimportant.16.theyaremostinterestedinistheycanproducemoreandbettercars.17.Itdoesn’tmatterIrestornot.18.Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater.19.Ithinkitisyouareeatingtoomuch.20.CanyoumakesureAlicehasputthegoldnecklace?21.—Doyourememberhecame?—Yes,Ido.Hecamebytrain.22.Motheraskedmewaswrongwithme.23.theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.24.hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.25.Thatishefailedtoarriveontime.二、語篇填空根據(jù)短文意思用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。Idon’tknow1youhavenoticed2somestudentsdon’twanttowalktoschool.Itcanbeseeneveryday3theirparentsdrivethemtoschool.Butnowadays,itshouldbebroughttoournotice4theairisseriouslypolluted.5canwedoaboutit?HereIhaveasuggestion6weshouldrideonourbiketoschool!7wecandoitwillnotonlyhavesignificantbenefitsforourhealth,8alsohelpimproveourenvironment.9wewillhaveabetterenvironmentdependson10wecandoforourselvesandfornature.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Keepingcomplainingcanbeahurtininterpersonalrelationships.So,1(improve)relationshipwithothers,youneedtobeawareofseveralsensiblewaystocomplain.Tobeginwith,youneedtobespecific.Don’tsay,“Boy,didyouactlike2foolattheparty?”Instead,say,“Youembarrassedmebygettingdrunkandtelling3(offend)jokestomyparents.”Secondly,sticktothepresent.Don’tmentionoldoffences4arefromlastmonthorlastyear.5doingthis,youtakeawayattentionfromtheproblemathand.Moreover,6youcomplain,neveraddinsults.Ifyoustartcallingtheotherpersonnames,thatonly7(create)angerandhurtanychanceofgettingthepersontoreallylistento8.Alastpointtorememberistocomplainprivately.Nevercriticizetheotherpersoninfrontoffriends,parents,children,oranyoneelseforthatmatter.Criticizinginfrontofathirdpartyhasthesameeffectasinsults.Thisshamestheperson9(criticize)andmakes10verylikelythatthepersonwillwanttoattackyouorallyratherthanlistentoyou.助讀詞匯sensibleadj.明智的specificadj.具體的offencen.冒犯insultn.侮辱privatelyadv.私下地shamevt.使丟臉orallyadv.口頭上interpersonalrelationship人際關(guān)系參考答案考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空1.which2.why3.how4.What5.that6.When;where7.whom(m)8.what9.where10.whether11.What12.that13.where14.What;what15.