2007屆-2017屆上海高考英語真題試卷題型分類專題匯編-完型填空-學生版已校對

上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空One12007屆上海市高考真題試卷試題】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.（A）Beingaloneinouterspacecanbefrightening.Thatisonereasonwhyastronautsonsolo（單獨的）spaceflightsweregivenplentyofworktokeepthem45.Theywerealsoconstantcommunicationwithpeopleontheearth.46,beingwithpeoplefromwhomyoucannotgetawaymightbeevenharderthanbeingalone.Thisiswhathappensonlong submarine（潛水艇）voyages.Itwillalsohappenon47spaceflightsinthefuture.Willtherebespecialproblemofadjustmentundersuchconditions?Scientistshavestudiedthereactionsofmentooneanotherduringlongsubmarinevoyages.Theyhavefoundthatthelongerthevoyagelasts,themoreserioustheproblemof48is.Whenmenare49togetherforalongperiod,theybegintofeeluneasy.Everyonehaslittlehabitsofspeakingandbehavingthatareordinarilyacceptable.Inthelimitedspaceoveralongperiodoftime,however,theselittlehabitsmaybecomevery50.Apparently,althoughnoonewantstobe51allthetime,everyoneneedssomedegreeofprivacy.Whenpeopleareenclosedtogether,theyareinwhatiscalledastresssituation.Thatmeansthattheyareunderanunusualamountof52orstress.Peoplewhoarewell-adjustedareableto53stresssituationsbetterthanothers.Thatisonereasonwhysomuchcareistakenin54ourastronauts.Thesemenundergoalongperiodoftestingandtraining.Oneofthethingstestedistheirbehaviorunderstress.45.A.tiredB.asleepC.consciousD.busy46.A.SofarB.AfterallC.HoweverD.Therefore47.A.longB.fastC.dangerousD.direct48.A.fuelB.entertainmentC.adjustmentD.health49.A.shutupB.heldupC.broughtupD.pickedup50.A.pleasingB.annoyingC.commonD.valuable上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空51.A.noisyB.aloneC.personalD.sociable52.A.emphasisB.conflictC.powerD.pressure53.A.handleB.createC.affectD.investigate54.A.becomingB.choosingC.orderingD.promoting(B)Onetopicisrarelymentionedinallthetalkofimprovingstandardsinourschools:thealmostcompletefailureofforeign-languageteaching.AsaFrenchgraduatewhohastaughtformorethantwenty-fiveyears,IbelieveIhavesomeideaofwhythefailureissototal.55thefaultsalreadyfoundoutintheeducationsystemasawhole—suchaschild-centredlearning,the“discovery”method,andthelowexpectationsbyteachersofpupils—therehavebeenseveralserious56whichhaveadirecteffectonlanguageteaching.Thefirstistheremovalfromthecurriculum(課程)ofthethoroughteachingofEnglish57.Pupilsnowdonotknowaverbfromanoun,thesubjectofasentencefromitsobject,orthedifferencebetweenthepast,present,orfuture.Anotherimportanterrorismixed-abilityteaching,orteachinginabilitygroupsso58thatthemostablegroupsare59andareboredwhiletheleastablearelostand60bored.Strangelyenough,fewheadteachersseemtobeinfavourofmixed-abilityschoolfootballteams.Progressdependsonmemory,andpupilsstarttoforgetimmediatelytheystophaving61lessons.ThisiswhymanypeoplewhoattendedFrenchlessonsatschool,eventhosewhogotgoodgrades,haveforgottenitafewyearslater.62theyneverneedit,theydonotpracticeit.MostAmericanschoolshaveacceptedwhatisinevitableand63modernlanguages,evenSpanish,fromthecurriculum.PerhapsitistimeforBritaintodothesame,andstop64resourcesonasubjectwhichfewpupilswantorneed.55.A.DuetoB.InadditiontoC.InsteadofD.Inspiteof56.A.errorsB.situationsC.systemsD.methods57.A.vocabularyB.cultureC.grammarD.literature58.A.wideB.similarC.separateD.unique上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空59.A.keptoutB.turneddownC.heldbackD.leftbehind60.A.surprisinglyB.individuallyC.equallyD.hardly61.A.extraB.traditionalC.basicD.regular62.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.UntilD.Unless63.A.restoredB.absorbedC.prohibitedD.withdrawn64.A.wastingB.focusingC.exploitingD.sharingTwo12008屆上海市高考真題試卷試題】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Peoplethinkchildrenshouldplaysports.Sportsarefun,andplayingwithothers.However,playingsportscanhave50effectsonchildren.Itmayproducefeelingsofpoorself-respectoraggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.Accordingtoresearchonkidsandsports,40,000,000kidsplaysportsintheUS.Ofthese,18,000,000saytheyhavebeen51atorcallednameswhileplayingsports.Thisleavesmanychildrenwithabad52ofsports.Theythinksportsarejusttooaggressive.Manyresearchersbelieveadults,especiallyparentsandcoaches,arethemain53oftoomuchaggressionillchildren'ssports.Theybelievechildren54aggressiveadultbehavior.Thisbehavioristhenfurtherstrengthenedthroughbothpositiveandnegativefeedback.Parentsandcoachesarepowerfulteachersbecausechildrenusuallylookuptothem.Oftentheseadultsbehaveaggressivelythemselves,sendingchildrenthemessagethat55iseverything.Manyparentsgotochildren'ssportingeventsandshout56atotherplayersorcheerwhentheirchildbehaves57.Aswell,childrenarceventaughtthathurtingotherplayersis58orarepushedtocontinueplayingevenwhentheyareinjured59,themediamakesviolenceseemexciting.Childrenwatchadultsportsgamesandseeviolentbehaviorreplayedoverandoverontelevision.Asasociety,wereallyneedto60thisproblemanddosomethingaboutit.Parentsandcoaches61shouldactasbetterexamplesforchildren.Theyalsoneedtoteachchildren上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空better62.Theyshouldnotjustcheerwhenchildrenwinoractaggressively.Theyshouldteachchildrento63,themselveswhethertheywinornot.Besides,childrenshouldnotbeallowedtocontinuetoplaywhentheyareinjured.Ifadultsallowchildrentoplaywheninjured,thisgivesthemessagethat64isnotasimportantaswinning.50.A.restrictiveB.negativeC.activeD.instructive51.A.knockedB.glancedC.smiledD.shouted52.A.impressionB.conceptC.tasteD.expectation53.A.resourceB.causeC.courseD.consequence54.A.questionB.understandC.copyD.neglect55.A.winningB.practisingC.funD.sport56.A.praisesB.ordersC.remarksD.insults57.A.proudlyB.ambitiouslyC.aggressivelyD.bravely58.A.acceptableB.impoliteC.possibleD.accessible59.A.BycontrastB.InadditionC.AsaresultD.Afterall60.A.lookuptoB.faceuptoC.makeupforD.comeupwith61.A.inparticularB.inallC.inreturnD.inadvance62.A.techniquesB.meansC.valuesD.directions63.A.respectB.relaxC.forgiveD.enjoy64.A.bodyB.fameC.healthD.spiritThree【2009屆上海市高考真題試卷試題】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Mostpeoplebelievetheydon,thavemuchimagination.Theyare50.Everyonehasimagination,butmostofus,oncewebecomeadults,forgethowto51it.Creativityisn'talways52withgreatworksofartorideas.Peopleatworkandintheirfreetime53thinkofcreativewaystosolveproblems.Maybeyouhaveagoaltoachieve,a上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空trickyquestiontoansweroryoujustwanttoexpandyourmind!Herearethreetechniquestohelpyou.MakingconnectionsThistechniqueinvolvestaking54ideasandtryingtofindlinksbetweenthem.First,thinkabouttheproblemyouhavetosolveorthejobyouneedtodo.Thenfindanimage,word,ideaorobject,forexample,acandle.Writedownalltheidea/words55withcandles:light,fire,matches,wax,night,silence,etc.Thinkofasmanyasyoucan.Thenextstageistorelatethe56tothejobyouhavetodo.Soimagineyouwanttobuyafriendanoriginal57;youcouldbuyhimticketstomatchortakehimoutforthenight.NOlimits!Imaginethatnormallimitationsdon,t58.Youhaveasmuchtime/space/money,etc.asyouwant.Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenew59.Ifyourgoalistolearntoski,60,youcannowpractiseskiingeverydayofyourlife(becauseyouhavethetimeandthemoney).Now61thistoreality.MaybeyoucanpractiseskiingeverdayinDecember,oreveryMondayinJanuary.Besomeoneelse!Lookatthesituationfroma62pointofview.Goodbusinessmenusethistechniqueintrade,andsodowrites.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethe63intheirbooks.Theyaskquestion:Whatdoesthischaracterwant?Whycan,tshegetit?Whatchangesmustshemaketogetwhatshewants?Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheir64.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!50.A.wrongB.unbelievableC.reasonableD.realistic51.A.putupwithB.catchupwithC.makeuseofD.keeptrackof52.A.equippedB.comparedC.coveredD.connected53.A.skillfullyB.routinelyC.vividlyD.deeply54.A.familiarB.unrelatedC.creativeD.imaginary55.A.presentedB.markedC.litD.associated56.A.ideasB.ambitionsC.achievementD.technique57.A.experienceB.serviceC.presentD.object58.A.workB.lastC.existD.change59.A.possibilitiesB.limitationsC.tendencyD.practice60.A.infactB.inparticularC.asawholeD.forexample上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空61.A.devoteB.adaptC.leadD.keep62.A.privateB.globalC.differentD.practical63.A.featuresB.themesC.creaturesD.characters64.A.positionsB.dreamsC.imagesD.directionsFour【2010屆上海市高考真題試卷試題】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thefirstattemptofeventhemosttalentedartists,musicians,andwritersisseldomamasterpiece,Ifyouconsideryourdraftsasdressrehearsals（彩排），ortryouts,revisingwillseemanaturalpartofthewriting50.Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,51revising.AndrewLloydWebber'smusicalPhantomoftheOperaunderwentsuchaprocess.WhenLloydWebberbeganwritingin1984,hehadinmindafunny,excitingproduction.However,whenPhantomopenedinLondonin1986,theaudiencesawamovingpsychologicallovestorysettomusic.Themusicalhad.52severalrevisionsdue,inpart,toproblemswithcostumingandmakeup（戲服和化妝）.Forinstance,LloydWebber53someofthemusicbecausethePhantom'smakeuppreventedtheactorfromsingingcertainsounds.Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkin54toyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude55ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.Revisionisnotjustanafterthoughtthatgetsonlyasmuchtimeasyouhaveattheendofanassignment.56,itisamajorstageofthewritingprocess,andwritersreviseeverystepoftheway.Evenyourdecisionto57.topicswhileprewritingisatypeofrevising.However.don'tmakethemistakeofskippingtherevisionstagethatfollows58.Alwaysmaketimetobecomeyourown59andviewyourdressrehearsal,sotospeak.Reviewingyourworkinthiswaycangiveyou60newideas.Revisinginvolves61theeffectivenessandappropriatenessofallaspectsofyour上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空writing,makingyourpurposemoreclearly,andrefocusingordevelopingthefactsandideasyoupresent.Whenyourevise,askyourselfthefollowingquestions,keepinginmindtheaudienceforwhomyouarewriting:Ismymainideaorpurpose62throughoutmydraft?DoIeverlosesightofmypurpose?HaveIgivenmyreadersallofthe63thatis,facts,opinions,inferences---thattheyneedinordertounderstandmymainidea?Finally,haveIincludedtoomany64detailsthatmayconfusereaders?50.A.techniqueB.styleC.processD.career51.A.inparticularB.asaresultC.forexampleD.inotherwords52.A.undergoneB.skippedC.rejectedD.replaced53.A.rewroteB.releasedC.recordedD.reserved54.A.additionB.responseC.oppositionD.contrast55.A.fixedB.ambitiousC.familiarD.fresh56.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.InsteadD.Therefore57.A.discussB.switchC.exhaustD.cover58.A.draftingB.rearrangingC.performingD.training59.A.directorB.masterC.audienceD.visitor60.A.personalB.valuableC.basicD.delicate61.A.mixingB.weakeningC.maintainingD.assessing62.A.amazingB.brightC.uniqueD.clear63.A.anglesB.evidenceC.informationD.hints64.A.unnecessaryB.uninterestingC.concreteD.finalFive【2011屆上海市高考真題試卷試題】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingand retaining留?。ヽustomers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空Oncecompanieshaveattractedcustomerstheyoften51thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthecompetition,negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecomecarriedaway.Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness—52thatthecustomerremainsacustomer.53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomerseveryyears.Inconstantlychanging54,thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewcompanieshaveanyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe55implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersacompanylosescanmakeabig56initsperformance.ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefectin(流失的)customersledto57increasesofbetween25and85percent.IntheUS,Domino,sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostcompanies,marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto61them”,saysAdrianPayneofCornfieldUniversity,SchoolofManagement.“Researchsuggeststhatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenretainingcustomersandmakingprofits.62customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservicethannewcustomers.Furthermore,theytendtobelessprice63,andmayprovidefreeword-of-mouthadvertising.Retainingcustomersalsomakesit64forcompetitorstoenteramarketorincreasetheirshareofamarket.50.A.inparticularB.inrealityC.atleastD.firstofall51.A.emphasizeB.doubtC.overlookD.believe52.A.denyingB.ensuringC.arguingD.proving53.A.MovingB.HopingC.StartingD.Failing54.A.marketsB.tastesC.pricesD.expenses上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空55.A.cultureB.socialC.financialD.economical56.A.promiseB.planC.mistakeD.difference57.A.costB.opportunityC.profitD.budget58.A.asaresultB.onthewholeC.inconclusionD.onthecontrary59.A.hugeB.potentialC.extraD.reasonable60.A.beliefsB.loyaltyC.habitsD.interest61.A.alteringB.understandingC.keepingD.attracting62.A.AssumedB.RespectedC.EstablishedD.Unexpected63.A.agreeableB.flexibleC.friendlyD.sensitive64.A.unfairB.difficultC.essentialD.convenientSix12012屆上海市高考真題試卷試題】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.PeopleonacollegecampusweremorelikelytogivemoneytotheMarchofDimesiftheywereaskedforadonationbyadisabledwomaninawheelchairthanifaskedbyanondisabledwoman.Inanother50,subwayridersinNewYorksawamancarryingastickstumble（絆W）andfalltothefloor.Sometimesthevictimhadalargeredbirthmarkonhis51;sometimeshedidnot.Inthissituation,thevictimwasmorelikelyto52aidifhisfacewasspotlessthanifhehadanunattractivebirthmark.In53theseandotherresearchfindings,twothemesare54:wearemorewillingtohelppeoplewelikeforsomereasonandpeoplewethink55assistance.Insomesituations,thosewhoarephysicallyattractivearemorelikelytoreceiveaid.56,inafieldstudyresearchersplacedacompletedapplicationtograduateschoolinatelephoneboxattheairport.Theapplicationwasreadytobe57,buthadapparentlybeen"lost".Thephotoattachedtotheapplicationwassometimesthatofavery58personandsometimesthatofalessattractiveperson.Themeasureofhelpingwaswhethertheindividualwhofoundtheenvelopeactuallymaileditornot.Resultsshowedthatpeopleweremorelikely上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空to59theapplicationifthepersoninthephotowasphysicallyattractive.Thedegreeof60betweenthepotentialhelperandthepersoninneedisalsoimportant.Forexample,peoplearemorelikelytohelpastrangerwhoisfromthesamecountryratherthanaforeigner.Inonestudy,shoppersonabusystreetinScotlandweremorelikelytohelpapersonwearinga(n)61T-shirtthanapersonwearingaT-shirtprintedwithoffensivewords.Whetherapersonreceiveshelpdependsinpartonthe"worth"ofthecase.Forexample,shoppersinasupermarketweremorelikelytogivesomeone.62tobuymilkratherthantobuycookies,probablybecausemilkisthoughtmoreessentialfor63thancookies.PassengersonaNewYorksubwayweremorelikelytohelpamanwhofelltothegroundifheappearedtobe64ratherthandrunk.50.A.studyB.wayC.wordD.college51.A.handB.armC.faceD.back52.A.refuseB.begC.loseD.receive53.A.challengingB.recordingC.understandingD.publishing54.A.importantB.possibleC.amusingD.missing55.A.seekB.deserveC.obtainD.accept56.A.AtfirstB.AboveallC.InadditionD.Forexample57.A.printedB.mailedC.rewrittenD.signed58.A.talentedB.good-lookingC.helpfulD.hard-working59.A.sendinB.throwawayC.filloutD.turndown60.A.similarityB.friendshipC.cooperationD.contact61.A.expensiveB.plainC.cheapD.strange62.A.timeB.instructionsC.moneyD.chances63.A.shoppersB.researchC.childrenD.health64.A.talkativeB.handsomeC.calmD.sickSeven【2013屆上海市高考真題試卷試題】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,10

上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Overthepastfewdecades,moreandmorecountrieshaveopenedupthemarkets,increasinglytransformingtheworldeconomyintoonefree-flowingglobalmarket.Thequestionis：Iseconomicglobalization50forall?AccordingtotheWorldBank,oneofitschiefsupporters,economicglobalizationhashelpedreduce51inalargenumberofdevelopingcountries.Itquotesonestudythatshowsincreasedwealth52toimprovededucationandlongerlifeintwenty-fourdevelopingcountriesasaresultofintegration（融合）oflocaleconomiesintotheworldeconomy.Hometosomethreebillionpeople,thesetwenty-fourcountrieshaveseenincomes53atanaveragerateoffivepercent-comparedtotwopercentindevelopedcountries.Thosewho54globalizationclaimthateconomiesindevelopingcountrieswillbenefitfromnewopportunitiesforsmallandhome-basedbusinesses.55,smallfarmersinBrazilwhoproducenutsthatwouldoriginallyhavesoldonlyin56open-airmarketscannowpromotetheirgoodsworldwidebytheInternet.Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactually57thegapbetweentherichandpoor.AstudycarriedoutbytheU.N.--sponsoredWorldCommissionontheSocialDimensionofGlobalizationshowsthatonlyafewdevelopingcountrieshaveactually58 fromintegrationintotheworldeconomyandthatthepoor,theuneducated,unskilledworkers,andnativepeopleshavebeenleftbehind.59,theymaintainthatglobalizationmayeventuallythreatenemergingbusinesses.Forexample,Indiancraftsmenwhocurrentlyseemtobenefitfromglobalizationbecausetheyareableto60theirproductsmaysoonfacefiercecompetitionthatcouldpotthemoutof61.Whenlarge-scalemanufacturersstarttoproducethesamegoods,orwhensuperstoreslikeWal-Martmovein,thesesmallbusinesseswillnotbeableto62andwillbecrowdedout.Onethingiscertainaboutglobalization-thereisno63.Advancesintechnologycombinedwithmoreopenpolicieshavealreadycreatedaninterconnectedworld.The64nowisfindingawaytocreateakindofglobalizationthatworksforthebenefitofall.50.A.possibleB.smoothC.goodD.easy1150.A.possibleB.smoothC.goodD.easy11上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空51.A.crimeB.povertyC.conflictD.population52.A.contributingB.respondingC.turningD.owing53.A.remainB.dropC.shiftD.increase54.A.doubtB.defineC.advocateD.ignore55.A.InadditionB.ForinstanceC.InotherwordsD.Allinall56.A.matureB.newC.localD.foreign57.A.findingB.exploringC.bridgingD.widening58.A.sufferedB.profitedC.learnedD.withdrawn59.A.FurthermoreB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Otherwise60.A.consumeB.deliverC.exportD.advertise61.A.troubleB.businessC.powerD.mind62.A.keepupB.comeinC.goaroundD.helpout63.A.takingoffB.gettingalongC.holdingoutD.turningback64.A.agreementB.predictionC.outcomeD.challengeEight【2014屆上海市高考真題試卷試題】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple 51.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe52dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult53situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural54,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,12上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally55issues.Dunbar56thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—57,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe58ofthehigherprimates（靈長類動物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor59 fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar60thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe61itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto62thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe63tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore64kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有聲的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one65contact.51.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language52.A.occasionallyB.habituallyC.independentlyD.originally53.A.socialB.politicalC.historicalD.cultural54.A.admirersB.mastersC.usersD.wasters55.A.vitalB.sensitiveC.idealD.difficult56.A.confirmsB.rejectsC.outlinesD.broadens57.A.forinstanceB.inadditionC.onthecontraryD.asaresult58.A.motivationB.appearanceC.emotionD.behaviour13上海市2007屆-2017屆高考英語試卷題型分類專題匯編：完型填空59.A.attackB.contactC.inspectionD.assistance60.A.recallsB.deniesC.concludesD.confesses61.A.prospectB.responsibilityC.leadershipD.protection62.A.measureB.showC.maintainD.ease63.A.savedB.extendedC.consumedD.gained64.A.commonB.efficientC.scientificD.thoughtful65.A.indirectB.dailyC.physicalD.secretNine【2015屆上海市高考真題試卷試題】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,youwouldnotdetectinterestinromanceamongtheartists.51,youwouldseeplentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.Lifeforancientpeople,searnedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.Inmoderntimes,whenfoodisavailableingrocerystores,findingloveismore52inpeople,slives.The53isallaroundus.Itiseasytopreparealistofmodernstorieshavingtodowithlove.Anendlessnumberofbooksandmoviesqualifyaslovestoriesinpopularculture.Researchersarestudyingwhetherlove,ahighlyvaluedemotionalstate,canbe54.Theyask,whatislove?Toothpastecompanieswantustothinkattractionisallaboutcleanteeth,butcleanteethgoonlysofar.Scientistswonderhowmuchthebraingetsinvolved.Youhaveprobablyheardthatoppositesattractbutthat55attract,too.Onethingiscertain:Thetruth