TPO5托福閱讀真題原文及答案解析Part2

第第頁(yè)TPO5托福閱讀真題原文及答案解析Part2如今大家在進(jìn)展托福備考時(shí)TPO托福?？架浖湃问谴蠹矣玫淖疃嗟墓ぞ吡?，對(duì)于托福成果的提升是特殊有關(guān)懷的。今日我在這里整理了TPO5托福閱讀真題原文及答案解析Part2來(lái)共享給大家，期望對(duì)大家托福聽(tīng)力備考有關(guān)懷

托福TPO5閱讀真題文本：Part2

TheOriginofthePacificIslandPeople

ThegreaterPacificregion,traditionallycalledOceania,consistsofthreeculturalareas:Melanesia,Micronesia,andPolynesia.Melanesia,inthesouthwestPacific,containsthelargeislandsofNewGuinea,theSolomons,Vanuatu,andNewCaledonia.Micronesia,theareanorthofMelanesia,consistsprimarilyofsmallscatteredislands.PolynesiaisthecentralPacificareainthegreattriangledefinedbyHawaii,EasterIsland,andNewZealand.BeforethearrivalofEuropeans,theislandsinthetwolargestculturalareas,PolynesiaandMicronesia,togethercontainedapopulationestimatedat700,000.

SpeculationontheoriginofthesePacificislandersbeganassoonasoutsidersencounteredthem,intheabsenceofsolidlinguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldata,manyfancifulandmutuallyexclusivetheoriesweredevised.PacificislandersarevariouslythoughttohavecomefromNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Egypt,Israel,andIndia,aswellasSoutheastAsia.ManyoldertheoriesimplicitlydeprecatedthenavigationalabilitiesandoverallculturalcreativityofthePacificislanders.Forexample,BritishanthropologistsG.ElliotSmithandW.J.PerryassumedthatonlyEgyptianswouldhavebeenskilledenoughtonavigateandcolonizethePacific.TheyinferredthattheEgyptiansevencrossedthePacifictofoundthegreatcivilizationsoftheNewWorld(NorthandSouthAmerica).In1947NorwegianadventurerThorHeyerdahldriftedonabalsa-lograftwestwardwiththewindsandcurrentsacrossthePacificfromSouthAmericatoprovehistheorythatPacificislanderswereNativeAmericans(alsocalledAmericanIndians).LaterHeyerdahlsuggestedthatthePacificwaspeopledbythreemigrations:byNativeAmericansfromthePacificNorthwestofNorthAmericadriftingtoHawaii,byPeruviansdriftingtoEasterIsland,andbyMelanesians.In1969hecrossedtheAtlanticinanEgyptian-stylereedboattoproveEgyptianinfluencesintheAmericas.Contrarytothesetheorists,theoverwhelmingevidenceofphysicalanthropology,linguistics,andarchaeologyshowsthatthePacificislanderscamefromSoutheastAsiaandwereskilledenoughasnavigatorstosailagainsttheprevailingwindsandcurrents.

ThebasicculturalrequirementsforthesuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsincludetheappropriateboat-building,sailing,andnavigationskillstogettotheislandsinthefirstplace,domesticatedplantsandgardeningskillssuitedtooftenmarginalconditions,andavariedinventoryoffishingimplementsandtechniques.ItisnowgenerallybelievedthattheseprerequisitesoriginatedwithpeoplesspeakingAustronesianlanguages(agroupofseveralhundredrelatedlanguages)andbegantoemergeinSoutheastAsiabyabout5000B.C.E.Thecultureofthattime,basedonarchaeologyandlinguisticreconstruction,isassumedtohavehadabroadinventoryofcultivatedplantsincludingtaro,yarns,banana,sugarcane,breadfruit,coconut,sago,andrice.Justasimportant,theculturealsopossessedthebasicfoundationforaneffectivemaritimeadaptation,includingoutriggercanoesandavarietyoffishingtechniquesthatcouldbeeffectiveforoverseasvoyaging.

ContrarytotheargumentsofsomethatmuchofthepacificwassettledbyPolynesiansaccidentallymaroonedafterbeinglostandadrift,itseemsreasonablethatthisfeatwasaccomplishedbydeliberatecolonizationexpeditionsthatsetoutfullystockedwithfoodanddomesticatedplantsandanimals.DetailedstudiesofthewindsandcurrentsusingcomputersimulationssuggestthatdriftingcanoeswouldhavebeenamostunlikelymeansofcolonizingthePacific.Theseexpeditionswerelikelydrivenbypopulationgrowthandpoliticaldynamicsonthehomeislands,aswellasthechallengeandexcitementofexploringunknownwaters.

BecauseallPolynesians,Micronesians,andmanyMelanesiansspeakAustronesianlanguagesandgrowcropsderivedfromSoutheastAsia,allthesepeoplesmostcertainlyderivedfromthatregionandnottheNewWorldorelsewhere.Theundisputedpre-ColumbianpresenceinOceaniaofthesweetpotato,whichisaNewWorlddomesticate,hassometimesbeenusedtosupportHeyerdahlsAmericanIndiansinthePacifictheories.However,thisisoneplantoutofalonglistofSoutheastAsiandomesticates.AsPatrickKirch,anAmericananthropologist,pointsout,ratherthanbeingbroughtbyraftingSouthAmericans,sweetpotatoesmightjusthaveeasilybeenbroughtbackbyreturningPolynesiannavigatorswhocouldhavereachedthewestcoastofSouthAmerica.

Paragraph1:ThegreaterPacificregion,traditionallycalledOceania,consistsofthreeculturalareas:Melanesia,Micronesia,andPolynesia.Melanesia,inthesouthwestPacific,containsthelargeislandsofNewGuinea,theSolomons,Vanuatu,andNewCaledonia.Micronesia,theareanorthofMelanesia,consistsprimarilyofsmallscatteredislands.PolynesiaisthecentralPacificareainthegreattriangledefinedbyHawaii,EasterIsland,andNewZealand.BeforethearrivalofEuropeans,theislandsinthetwolargestculturalareas,PolynesiaandMicronesia,togethercontainedapopulationestimatedat700,000.

托福TPO5閱讀題目：Part2

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingaretruestatementsaboutMelanesia,Micronesia,andPolynesiaEXCEPT:

○Collectively,theseregionsaretraditionallyknownasOceania.

○TheseislandsofMicronesiaaresmallandspreadout.

○Hawaii,EasterIsland,andNewZealandmarktheboundariesofPolynesia.

○MelanesiaissituatedtothenorthofMicronesia.

Paragraph2:SpeculationontheoriginofthesePacificislandersbeganassoonasoutsidersencounteredthem,intheabsenceofsolidlinguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldata,manyfancifulandmutuallyexclusivetheoriesweredevised.PacificislandersarevariouslythoughttohavecomefromNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Egypt,Israel,andIndia,aswellasSoutheastAsia.ManyoldertheoriesimplicitlydeprecatedthenavigationalabilitiesandoverallculturalcreativityofthePacificislanders.Forexample,BritishanthropologistsG.ElliotSmithandW.J.PerryassumedthatonlyEgyptianswouldhavebeenskilledenoughtonavigateandcolonizethePacific.TheyinferredthattheEgyptiansevencrossedthePacifictofoundthegreatcivilizationsoftheNewWorld(NorthandSouthAmerica).In1947NorwegianadventurerThorHeyerdahldriftedonabalsa-lograftwestwardwiththewindsandcurrentsacrossthePacificfromSouthAmericatoprovehistheorythatPacificislanderswereNativeAmericans(alsocalledAmericanIndians).LaterHeyerdahlsuggestedthatthePacificwaspeopledbythreemigrations:byNativeAmericansfromthePacificNorthwestofNorthAmericadriftingtoHawaii,byPeruviansdriftingtoEasterIsland,andbyMelanesians.In1969hecrossedtheAtlanticinanEgyptian-stylereedboattoproveEgyptianinfluencesintheAmericas.Contrarytothesetheorists,theoverwhelmingevidenceofphysicalanthropology,linguistics,andarchaeologyshowsthatthePacificislanderscamefromSoutheastAsiaandwereskilledenoughasnavigatorstosailagainsttheprevailingwindsandcurrents.

2.Bystatingthatthetheoriesaremutuallyexclusivetheauthormeansthat

○ifoneofthetheoriesistrue,thenalltheothersmustbefalse

○thedifferencesbetweenthetheoriesareunimportant

○takentogether,thetheoriescoverallpossibilities

○thetheoriessupporteachother

3.Thewordoverwhelminginthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

○powerful

○favorable

○current

○reasonable

4.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingledsomeearlyresearcherstobelievethatthePacificislandersoriginallycamefromEgypt?

○Egyptianswereknowntohavefoundedothergreatcivilizations.

○Sailorsfromotherpartsoftheworldwerebelievedtolacktheskillsneededtotravelacrosstheocean.

○Linguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldataconnectedtheislandstoEgypt.

○EgyptianaccountsclaimedresponsibilityforcolonizingthePacificaswellastheAmericas.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutearlytheoriesofwherethefirstinhabitantsofthePacificislandscamefrom?

○Theyweregenerallybasedonsolidevidence.

○TheytriedtoaccountfortheoriginofthecharacteristicfeaturesofthelanguagesspokenbyPacificislanders.

○TheyassumedthatthepeopleslivinginSoutheastAsiadidnothavetheskillsneededtosailtothePacificislands.

○TheyquestionedtheideasofG.ElliotSmithandW.J.Perry.

Paragraph3:ThebasicculturalrequirementsforthesuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsincludetheappropriateboat-building,sailing,andnavigationskillstogettotheislandsinthefirstplace,domesticatedplantsandgardeningskillssuitedtooftenmarginalconditions,andavariedinventoryoffishingimplementsandtechniques.ItisnowgenerallybelievedthattheseprerequisitesoriginatedwithpeoplesspeakingAustronesianlanguages(agroupofseveralhundredrelatedlanguages)andbegantoemergeinSoutheastAsiabyabout5000B.C.E.Thecultureofthattime,basedonarchaeologyandlinguisticreconstruction,isassumedtohavehadabroadinventoryofcultivatedplantsincludingtaro,yarns,banana,sugarcane,breadfruit,coconut,sago,andrice.Justasimportant,theculturealsopossessedthebasicfoundationforaneffectivemaritimeadaptation,includingoutriggercanoesandavarietyoffishingtechniquesthatcouldbeeffectiveforoverseasvoyaging.

6.Thewordimplementsinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

○skills

○tools

○opportunities

○practices

7.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph3asrequiredforsuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsEXCEPT

○knowledgeofvariousAustronesianlanguages

○avarietyoffishingtechniques

○navigationalskills

○knowledgeofplantcultivation

8.Inparagraph3,whydoestheauthorprovideinformationaboutthetypesofcropsgrownandboatsusedinSoutheastAsiaduringtheperiodaround5000B.C.E.?

○ToevaluatetherelativeimportanceofagricultureandfishingtoearlyAustronesianpeoples

○Toillustratetheeffectivenessofarchaeologicalandlinguisticmethodsindiscoveringdetailsaboutlifeinancienttimes

○TocontrastlivingconditionsonthecontinentofAsiawithlivingconditionsonthePacificislands

○TodemonstratethatpeoplefromthisregionhadtheskillsandresourcesnecessarytotraveltoandsurviveonthePacificislands

Paragraph4:ContrarytotheargumentsofsomethatmuchofthepacificwassettledbyPolynesiansaccidentallymaroonedafterbeinglostandadrift,itseemsreasonablethatthisfeatwasaccomplishedbydeliberatecolonizationexpeditionsthatsetoutfullystockedwithfoodanddomesticatedplantsandanimals.DetailedstudiesofthewindsandcurrentsusingcomputersimulationssuggestthatdriftingcanoeswouldhavebeenamostunlikelymeansofcolonizingthePacific.Theseexpeditionswerelikelydrivenbypopulationgrowthandpoliticaldynamicsonthehomeislands,aswellasthechallengeandexcitementofexploringunknownwaters.BecauseallPolynesians,Micronesians,andmanyMelanesiansspeakAustronesianlanguagesandgrowcropsderivedfromSoutheastAsia,allthesepeoplesmostcertainlyderivedfromthatregionandnottheNewWorldorelsewhere.Theundisputedpre-ColumbianpresenceinOceaniaofthesweetpotato,whichisaNewWorlddomesticate,hassometimesbeenusedtosupportHeyerdahlsAmericanIndiansinthePacifictheories.However,thisisoneplantoutofalonglistofSoutheastAsiandomesticates.AsPatrickKirch,anAmericananthropologist,pointsout,ratherthanbeingbroughtbyraftingSouthAmericans,sweetpotatoesmightjusthaveeasilybeenbroughtbackbyreturningPolynesiannavigatorswhocouldhavereachedthewestcoastofSouthAmerica.

9.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

○SomepeoplehavearguedthatthePacificwassettledbytraderswhobecamelostwhiletransportingdomesticatedplantsandanimals.

○TheoriginalPolynesiansettlerswereprobablymaroonedontheislands,buttheymayhavebeenjoinedlaterbycarefullypreparedcolonizationexpeditions.

○Althoughitseemsreasonabletobelievethatcolonizationexpeditionswouldsetoutfullystocked,thisiscontradictedbymuchoftheevidence.

○ThesettlementofthePacificislandswasprobablyintentionalandwellplannedratherthanaccidentalassomepeoplehaveproposed.

10.Thewordundisputedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

○mysterious

○unexpected

○acknowledged

○significant

11.Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingisNOTanexplanationforwhyagroupofpeoplemighthavewantedtocolonizethePacificislands?

○Astheirnumbersincreased,theyneededadditionalterritory.

○Thewindsandcurrentsmadetheislandseasytoreach.

○Thepoliticalsituationathomemadeemigrationdesirable.

○Theyfoundexplorationchallengingandexciting.

12.WhydoestheauthormentiontheviewsofPatrickKirch?

○TopresentevidenceinfavorofHeyerdahlsideaaboutAmericanIndiansreachingOceania

○ToemphasizethefamiliarityofPacificislanderswithcropsfrommanydifferentregionsoftheworld

○ToindicatethatsupposedproofforHeyerdahlstheoryhasanalternativeexplanation

○TodemonstratethatsomeofthesamecropswerecultivatedinbothSouthAmericaandOceania

Paragraph2:SpeculationontheoriginofthesePacificislandersbeganassoonasoutsidersencounteredthem,intheabsenceofsolidlinguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldata,manyfancifulandmutuallyexclusivetheoriesweredevised.PacificislandersarevariouslythoughttohavecomefromNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Egypt,Israel,andIndia,aswellasSoutheastAsia.■ManyoldertheoriesimplicitlydeprecatedthenavigationalabilitiesandoverallculturalcreativityofthePacificislanders.■Forexample,BritishanthropologistsG.ElliotSmithandW.J.PerryassumedthatonlyEgyptianswouldhavebeenskilledenoughtonavigateandcolonizethePacific.■TheyinferredthattheEgyptiansevencrossedthePacifictofoundthegreatcivilizationsoftheNewWorld(NorthandSouthAmerica).■In1947NorwegianadventurerThorHeyerdahldriftedonabalsa-lograftwestwardwiththewindsandcurrentsacrossthePacificfromSouthAmericatoprovehistheorythatPacificislanderswereNativeAmericans(alsocalledAmericanIndians).LaterHeyerdahlsuggestedthatthePacificwaspeopledbythreemigrations:byNativeAmericansfromthePacificNorthwestofNorthAmericadriftingtoHawaii,byPeruviansdriftingtoEasterIsland,andbyMelanesians.In1969hecrossedtheAtlanticinanEgyptian-stylereedboattoproveEgyptianinfluencesintheAmericas.Contrarytothesetheorists,theoverwhelmingevidenceofphysicalanthropology,linguistics,andarchaeologyshowsthatthePacificislanderscamefromSoutheastAsiaandwereskilledenoughasnavigatorstosailagainsttheprevailingwindsandcurrents.

13.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Latertheoriesconcentrateonjourneysintheotherdirection.

Wherecouldthesentencebestfit?

Directions:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Someanswerc

14.hoicesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageor

15.areminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.

Together,Melanesia,Micronesia,andPolynesiamakeuptheregiondescribedasthePacificislands,orOceania.

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AnswerChoices

○ThefirstEuropeanstoreachtheareaassumedthattheislandsoriginalinhabitantsmusthavedriftedtoOceania,perhapsfromEgyptortheAmericas.

○Itisnowbelievedthattheprocessofcolonizationrequiredagreatdealofskill,determination,andplanningandcouldnothavehappenedbychance.

○Usinglinguisticandarchaeologicalevidence,anthropologistshavedeterminedthatthefirstPacificislanderswereAustronesianpeoplefromSoutheastAsia.

○Newevidencesuggeststhat,ratherthanbeingisolated,PacificislandersengagedintradeandsocialinteractionwithpeopleslivinginSoutheastAsia.

○Althoughearlycolonizersoftheislandsprobablycamefromagriculture-basedsocieties,theywereobligedtoadoptan